456-21-3

Upstream product

• 1536-23-8 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzophenone 
• 32792-53-3 4-cyanophenyl 4-chlorobenzoate 
• 58757-38-3 6-Chloronicotinoyl chloride 
• 873-76-7 para-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 
• 637-87-6 1-Chloro-4-iodobenzene 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 74-11-3 para-chlorobenzoic acid 
• 122-01-0 4-chloro-benzoyl chloride 
• 104-88-1 4-chlorobenzaldehyde 
• 790-41-0 4-chlorobenzoic anhydride 
• 15729-63-2 S-(n-butyl) 4-chlorobenzothioate 
• 392-56-3 Hexafluorobenzene 
• 1258145-47-9 S-(4-methoxyphenyl) 4-chlorobenzothioate 
• 106-39-8 bromochlorobenzene 

Downstream Products

• 77750-06-2 S-(4-methylphenyl) thio(4-chlorobenzoate) 
• 5410-99-1 4-methoxyphenyl 4-chlorobenzoate 
• 104-88-1 4-chlorobenzaldehyde 
• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 17151-48-3 tributyl(4-chlorophenyl)stannane 
• 22865-55-0 (4-chlorophenyl)(4-methylphenyl)sulfane 
• 623-03-0 4-Cyanochlorobenzene 
• 623-26-7 terephthalonitrile 
• 71320-77-9 moclobemide 
• 5172-02-1 1-chloro-4-(2-phenylethynyl)benzene 
• 95123-18-5 4-chlorophenyl(2',3',4',5',6'-pentafluorophenyl)ketone 
• 1126-46-1 Methyl 4-chlorobenzoate 
• 195062-61-4 4-chlorophenylboronic acid pinacol ester 
• 827605-29-8 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborinane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Rapid and column-free syntheses of acyl fluorides and peptides usingex situgenerated thionyl fluoride

Thionyl fluoride (SOF2) was first isolated in 1896, but there have been less than 10 subsequent reports of its use as a reagent for organic synthesis. This is partly due to a lack of facile, lab-scale methods for its generation. Herein we report a novel protocol for theex situgeneration of SOF2and subsequent demonstration of its ability to access both aliphatic and aromatic acyl fluorides in 55-98% isolated yields under mild conditions and short reaction times. We further demonstrate its aptitude in amino acid couplings, with a one-pot, column-free strategy that affords the corresponding dipeptides in 65-97% isolated yields with minimal to no epimerization. The broad scope allows for a wide range of protecting groups and both natural and unnatural amino acids. Finally, we demonstrated that this new method can be used in sequential liquid phase peptide synthesis (LPPS) to afford tri-, tetra-, penta-, and decapeptides in 14-88% yields without the need for column chromatography. We also demonstrated that this new method is amenable to solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), affording di- and pentapeptides in 80-98% yields.

METHOD AND REAGENT FOR DEOXYFLUORINATION

A safe, simple, and selective method and reagent for deoxyfluorination is disclosed. With the method and reagent disclosed herein, organic compounds such as carboxylic acids, carboxylates, carboxylic acid anhydrides, aldehydes, and alcohols can be fluorinated by using the most common nucleophilic fluorinating reagents and electron deficient fluoroarenes as mediators under mild conditions, giving corresponding fluoroorganic compounds in excellent yield with a wide range of functional group compatibility and easy product purification. For example, directly utilizing KF for deoxyfluorination of carboxylic acids provides the most economical and the safest pathway to access acyl fluorides, key intermediates for syntheses of peptide, amide, ester, and dry fluoride salts.

Acyl fluorides from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or alcohols under oxidative fluorination

We describe a novel reagent system to obtain acyl fluorides directly from three different functional group precursors: carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or alcohols. The transformation is achieved via a combination of trichloroisocyanuric acid and cesium fluoride, which facilitates the synthesis of various acyl fluorides in high yield (up to 99%). It can be applied to the late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug molecules that contain a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, or an alcohol group.

Deoxyfluorination of Carboxylic Acids with CpFluor: Access to Acyl Fluorides and Amides

3,3-Difluoro-1,2-diphenylcyclopropene (CpFluor), a bench-stable fluorination reagent, has been developed in the deoxyfluorination of carboxylic acids to afford various acyl fluorides. This all-carbon-based fluorination reagent enabled the efficient transformation of (hetero)aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl carboxylic acids to the corresponding acyl fluorides under the neutral conditions. This deoxyfluorination method was featured by the synthesis of acyl fluorides with in-situ formed CpFluor, as well as the one-pot amidation reaction of carboxylic acids via in-situ formed acyl fluorides.

Deoxyfluorination of Carboxylic Acids with KF and Highly Electron-Deficient Fluoroarenes

A deoxyfluorination reaction of carboxylic acids using potassium fluoride (KF) and highly electron-deficient fluoroarenes is reported here, giving acyl fluorides in moderate to excellent yield (57-92% based on NMR integration and 34-95% for isolated examples).

Gram-Scale Preparation of Acyl Fluorides and Their Reactions with Hindered Nucleophiles

A series of acyl fluorides was synthesized at 100 mmol scale using phase-transfer-catalyzed halogen exchange between acyl chlorides and aqueous bifluoride solution. The convenient procedure consists of vigorous stirring of the biphasic mixture at room temperature, followed by extraction and distillation. Isolated acyl fluorides (usually 7-20 g) display excellent purity and can be transformed into sterically hindered amides and esters when treated with lithium amide bases and alkoxides under mild conditions.

Efficient cleavage of tertiary amide bonds: Via radical-polar crossover using a copper(ii) bromide/Selectfluor hybrid system

A novel approach for the efficient cleavage of the amide bonds in tertiary amides is reported. Based on the selective radical abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom by a CuBr2/Selectfluor hybrid system followed by a selective cleavage of an N-C bond, an acyl fluoride intermediate is formed. This intermediate may then be derivatized in a one-pot fashion. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to the tertiary amide moiety as well as to nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon nucleophiles for the subsequent derivatization. Mechanistic studies suggest that the present reaction proceeds via a radical-polar crossover process that involves benzylic carbon radicals generated by the selective radical abstraction of a benzylic hydrogen atom by the CuBr2/Selectfluor hybrid system. Furthermore, a synthetic application of this method for the selective cleavage of peptides is described. This journal is

Halide-Accelerated Acyl Fluoride Formation Using Sulfuryl Fluoride

Herein, we report a new one-pot sequential method for SO2F2-mediated nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions starting from carboxylic acids. A mechanistic study revealed that SO2F2-mediated acid activation proceeds via the anhydride, which is then converted to the corresponding acyl fluoride. Tetrabutylammonium chloride or bromide accelerate the formation of acyl fluoride. Optimized halide-accelerated conditions were used to synthesize acyl fluorides in 30-80percent yields, and esters, amides, and thioesters in 72-96percent yields without reoptimization for each nucleophile.

Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides from Carboxylic Acids Using NaF-Assisted Deoxofluorination with XtalFluor-E

The synthesis of acyl fluorides using the deoxofluorination reaction of carboxylic acids using XtalFluor-E is described. This transformation, assisted by a catalytic amount of NaF, occurs at room temperature in EtOAc, where XtalFluor-E behaves as the activating agent and the fluoride source. A wide range of acyl fluorides were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (36-99%) after a simple filtration on a pad of silica gel. We also demonstrated that sequential deoxofluorination/amidation was possible.

Benzoyl Fluorides as Fluorination Reagents: Reconstruction of Acyl Fluorides via Reversible Acyl C-F Bond Cleavage/Formation in Palladium Catalysis

This report describes the formation of value-added acyl fluorides by means of palladium-catalyzed acyl-exchange reactions between acyl fluorides and acid anhydrides. This method allows using a simple and commercially available acyl fluoride, benzoyl fluoride, as the fluoride source for the easy and efficient preparation of a variety of more complex acyl fluorides. The results of this study suggest that this reaction proceeds via a reversible acyl C-F bond cleavage/formation at the palladium center.