479-45-8 Usage
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 479-45-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Yellow crystals. Insoluble inwater; soluble
in alcohol, ether, benzene, glacial acetic acid.
2. Tetryl is a colorless to yellow, odorless crystalline solid. High explosive material.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 479-45-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. As indicator, 0.1 g in 60 ml alcohol with water to make 100 ml. pH: 10.8 colorless, 13.0 reddish-brown. One to five drops of solution required for 10 ml liquid. Salt error said to be small. Also used in explosives.
2. Tetryl is used as an initiator for many less sensitive explosives. It is used as the booster in artillery ammunition. A combination of Tetryl with trinitrotoluene and a small amount of graphite is known as Tetrytol, an explosive used as the bursting charge in artillery ammunition. It is also used as an indicator.Tetryl is made by reacting 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene with methylamine and nitrating the product with nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
3. Once widely used as a military explosive
but no longer manufactured or used in the
United States.
Definition
ChEBI: A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being det
nated by friction, shock, or a spark.
General Description
A yellow crystalline solid high explosive. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption. A skin irritant. Will explode if heated above 370°F. Used as a detonating explosive. The primary hazard is the blast of an instantaneous explosion and not flying projectiles and fragments.
Reactivity Profile
During the measurement of the shock sensitivity of a mixture containing hydrazine, a drop of the hydrazine mixture fell on a TETRYL explosive. The TETRYL immediately burst into flames (ASESB 105).
Hazard
Dangerous fire and explosion risk. Skin
irritant, absorbed by skin. Upper respiratory tract
irritant.
Health Hazard
There is very little information on the human toxicity of TETRYL. A dose of 5000 mg/kg given subcutaneously was lethal to dogs (NIOSH 1986).
Fire Hazard
MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.
Safety Profile
Mutation data reported. An irritant, sensitizer, and allergen. The chief effect from exposure is dermatitis. Conjunctivitis is followed by iridocyclitis, and keratitis can occur. Sensitization produced by exposure may play a part in these symptoms. Gastrointestinal effects and anemia have also been reported. A powerful oxidant. A dangerous fire and explosion hazard. A high explosive sensitive to shock, friction, or heat. More sensitive to shock and friction than TNT. Explodes on contact with trioxygen difluoride. Ignites on contact with hydrazine. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRATES and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.
Potential Exposure
Tetryl is used in explosives; as an intermediary detonating agent; and as a booster charge for military devices; it is also used as a chemical indicator. No longer manufactured or used in the United States.
Carcinogenicity
A number of in vitro genotoxic assays in
bacteria and fungi suggest that tetryl is a directacting
genotoxin.
Environmental fate
Chemical/Physical. Produces highly toxic nitrogen oxides on decomposition (Lewis, 1990).
Shipping
UN0208 Tetryl, Hazard Class: 1.1D; Labels:1.1D-Explosives (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard) when exposed to fire.
Incompatibilities
Violent reaction with hydrazine; reducing agents, oxidizable materials. May explosively decompose from heat, shock, friction, or concussion. Explosive decomposition/detonation from heat takes approximately 1000 seconds @ 160℃; 0.1 seconds @ 500℃.
Waste Disposal
Solution in acetone and incineration in furnace equipped with afterburner and caustic soda solution scrubber.
References
Novgorodova, Maekh, Yunusov., Khirn. Prir. Soedin., 9, 196 (1973)
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 479-45-8 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 4,7 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 479-45:
(5*4)+(4*7)+(3*9)+(2*4)+(1*5)=88
88 % 10 = 8
So 479-45-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C7H5N5O8/c8-7(12(19)20)6-4(10(15)16)1-3(9(13)14)2-5(6)11(17)18/h1-2,7H,8H2
479-45-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis, properties, and molecular structure of nitro-substituted N-methyl-N-nitroanilines
Prezhdo,Bykova,Prezhdo,Daszkiewicz,Kyziol,Zaleski
, p. 64 - 75 (2007/10/03)
Ten mono-, di-, and trinitro derivatives of N-methyl-N-nitroaniline were synthesized and studied by spectral, electrooptical, and quantum-chemical methods. Three of these derivatives, N-methyl-N,2,3-trinitroaniline, N-methyl-N,2,5-trinitroaniline, N-methyl-N,3,5-trinitroaniline, were also examined by the X-ray diffraction method. The N-nitroamino group in their molecules is almost planar, the N7-N8 bond is shortened, and the N8 atom is characterized by a strong deficit of electron density. The dihedral angle between the planes of the N-nitroamino group and the benzene ring is 56°-92°, which makes conjugation between these fragments impossible. The N-nitroamino group in the examined compounds acts as a weak electron donor with respect to the nitro groups in the aromatic ring; the mechanism of this effect is inductive. Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006.
Structure and properties of some nitro derivatives of N-methyl-N-phenylnitramine
Daszkiewicz,Kyziol,Predo,Zaleski
, p. 9 - 18 (2007/10/03)
Ten mono-, di- and tri-nitro derivatives of N-methyl-N-phenylnitramine were prepared and investigated using spectral and electrooptical methods. Three of them, viz. N-(2, 5-dinitrophenyl)-N-methylnitramine (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.248(2), b = 11.655(2), c = 10.404(2) ?, β = 102.57(2)°), N-(2,3-dinitrophenyl)-N-methylnitramine (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 9.224(2), b = 7.222(2), c = 15.458(4) ?, β = 101.08(2)°)) and N-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-N-methylnitramine (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 9.814(2), b = 12.000(2), c = 8.865(2) ?, β = 114.94(2)°) were examined by the X-ray diffraction method. The nitramino group is nearly planar with the short N(7)-N(8) bond and strongly electron deficient N(8) atom. The nitramino group is twisted vs. the aromatic ring, there is no conjugation between the nitro and nitramino groups across the ring. The nitramino group is an electron withdrawing substituent due to the inductive effect. The number and positions of the At-nitro groups have no influence on the N-nitro group. Its migration ability cannot be explained in terms of the interaction between the migration origin and the ring substituents. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
Methods of preparing pentanitrotoluene
-
, (2008/06/13)
Pentanitrotoluene is prepared by a method which comprises preparing an amdinitrotoluene from a precursor of either TNT or 2,5-dinitro-3-methylbenzoic acid, nitrating the aminodinitrotoluene to produce a nitramine intermediate, converting the nitramine intermediate to an aminotetranitrotoluene and oxidizing the aminotetranitrotoluene with peroxydisulfuric acid to pentanitrotoluene. Pentanitrotoluene is an explosive.
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF ACID-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF METHYLDINITROMETHANE
Glukhov, A. A.,Kuznetsov, L. L.,Gidaspov, B. V.
, p. 620 - 623 (2007/10/02)
The kinetics of the decomposition of methyldinitroamine CH3N(NO2)2 in 46.1-78.2percent sulfuric acid were investigated.It was shown that the decomposition process is two-stage.In the first stage denitration of the methyldinitroamine occurs with the formation of methylnitroamine and nitric acid.Decomposition of methylnitroamine to nitrous oxide and methanol takes place in the second stage.
