501-19-9Relevant articles and documents
A Cascade Strategy Enables a Total Synthesis of (±)-Morphine
Chu, Shuyu,Münster, Niels,Balan, Tudor,Smith, Martin D.
, p. 14306 - 14309 (2016)
Morphine has been a target for synthetic chemists since Robinson proposed its correct structure in 1925, resulting in a large number of total syntheses of morphine alkaloids. Here we report a total synthesis of (±)-morphine that employs two key strategic cyclizations: 1) a diastereoselective light-mediated cyclization of an O-arylated butyrolactone to form a tricyclic cis-fused benzofuran and 2) a cascade ene–yne–ene ring closing metathesis to forge the tetracyclic morphine core. This approach enables a short and stereoselective synthesis of morphine in an overall yield of 6.6 %.
Degradation of lignin with aqueous ammonium-based ionic liquid solutions under milder conditions
Gupta, Bhupender S.,Lee, Ming-Jer,Tolesa, Leta Deressa
, p. 3357 - 3365 (2019/02/25)
This study investigates the performance of two aqueous ionic liquids (ILs), dimethylbutylammonium acetate ([DMBA][Ac]) and dimethylbutylammonium butanoate ([DMBA][B]), solutions for depolymerizing alkali lignin into valuable phenolic compounds. The favorable operation conditions, including reaction temperature and reaction time, are explored. The extent of depolymerization of the lignin is evaluated by analysis with gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results show that the average molecular weights of the depolymerized lignin samples can be reduced by as high as 93.8% and 86.8% after treating with the aqueous [DMBA][Ac] and [DMBA][B], respectively. Moreover, the aromatic chemical species in the depolymerized solutions are identified by using gas chromatography?mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The confirmation of the chemical species is further made by using a series of spectroscopic techniques, such as FT-IR, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Promising results have been achieved for the depolymerization of the lignin into valuable chemicals by using the proposed green media, aqueous solutions of ionic liquids [DMBA][Ac] and [DMBA][B], under milder conditions.
A protocol to generate phthaloyl peroxide in flow for the hydroxylation of arenes
Eliasen, Anders M.,Thedford, Randal P.,Claussen, Karin R.,Yuan, Changxia,Siegel, Dionicio
supporting information, p. 3628 - 3631 (2014/08/05)
A flow protocol for the generation of phthaloyl peroxide has been developed. This process directly yields phthaloyl peroxide in high purity (>95%) and can be used to bypass the need to isolate and recrystallize phthaloyl peroxide, improving upon earlier batch procedures. The flow protocol for the formation of phthaloyl peroxide can be combined with arene hydroxylation reactions and provides a method for the consumption of peroxide as it is generated to minimize the accumulation of large quantities of peroxide.