50675-21-3Relevant articles and documents
Ligand-biased and probe-dependent modulation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 signaling by negative allosteric modulators
Bernat, Viachaslau,Brox, Regine,Heinrich, Markus R.,Auberson, Yves P.,Tschammer, Nuska
, p. 566 - 574 (2015)
Over the last decade, functional selectivity (or ligand bias) has evolved from being a peculiar phenomenon to being recognized as an essential feature of synthetic ligands that target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is an outstanding platform to study various aspects of biased signaling, because nature itself uses functional selectivity to manipulate receptor signaling. At the same time, CXCR3 is an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein we report the discovery of an 8-azaquinazolinone derivative (N-{1-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]ethyl}-4-(4-fluorobutoxy)-N-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]butanamide, 1b) that can inhibit CXC chemokine 11 (CXCL11)-dependent G protein activation over β-arrestin recruitment with 187-fold selectivity. This compound also demonstrates probe-dependent activity, that is, it inhibits CXCL11- over CXCL10-mediated G protein activation with 12-fold selectivity. Together with a previously reported biased negative allosteric modulator from our group, the present study provides additional information on the molecular requirements for allosteric modulation of CXCR3.
Approaches to Protection against Nerve Agent Poisoning. (Naphthylvinyl)pyridine Derivatives as Potential Antidotes
Gray, Allan P.,Platz, Robert D.,Henderson, Theresa R.,Chang, Timothy C. P.,Takahashi, Kazuyuki,Dretchen, Kenneth L.
, p. 807 - 814 (2007/10/02)
Analogues of the potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) (E)-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine methiodide were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit CAT and protect against nerve agent intoxication.Several compounds, notably (E)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridinium bromide (3), (E)-1-methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (22), and (E)-1-methyl-4-(1-naphthylvinyl)piperidine hydrochloride (23), were found to afford significant protection against sarin in the mouse and against soman in the giunea pig.However, protection was apparently not related to CAT inhibition.Compound 23, our most effective compound in protecting against nerve agent, was without CAT inhibitory activity.Compound 22, which proved to be a potent CAT inhibitor, most likely owed this activity to being dehydrogenated back to the pyridinium quaternary salt by oxidative enzymes.Several of the (naphthylvinyl)pyridine quaternary salts, but not their tertiary amine analogues, were found to be effective in slowing the rate of aging of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.Ability to slow the rate of aging was enhanced by introduction of methoxy substituents on the aryl moiety whereas the aging rate was actually accelerated by chloro substituents.To date, our most effective compound in slowing the rate of aging, (E)-4-pyridine methochloride (6), did not provide significant protection against soman in the mouse.
Synthesis of 1'-Methylspiro from 1-Methyl-n-piperidinecarbaldehydes
Benito, Y.,Canoira, L.,Martinez-Lopez, N.,Rodriguez, J. G.,Temprano, F.
, p. 623 - 628 (2007/10/02)
1'-Methylspiro 2 can be obtained from 1-methyl-n-piperidinecarbaldehydes 1 by the Fischer reaction of their phenylhydrazones.The Fischer reaction provides different kinds of products -3H-indole, indole and oxindole- which depend on the N atom position in the piperidine ring.