538-24-9Relevant articles and documents
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Silica supported microporous melamine tri sulfonic acid catalyst towards biodiesel fuel production from waste cooking oil and utilization of side stream
Savaliya, Mehulkumar L.,Dholakiya, Bharatkumar Z.
, p. 12 - 21 (2015)
A novel silica based melamine tri sulfonic acid catalyst was successfully prepared by chlorosulfonation of melamine at ambient conditions and applied to the transesterification of waste cooking oil for the production of biodiesel. Glycerol obtained as a side stream at the end of the transesterification reaction along with biodiesel molecules. However, world is facing the problems of disposal of glycerol obtained from biodiesel synthesis as a byproduct and simultaneously they are facing the problem of the abundance of feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. Therefore, obtained crude glycerol was also successfully converted into triglyceride via esterification of lauric acid over same catalyst. Biodiesel yields were calculated using gas chromatography. Highest biodiesel (%) yield was observed up to 98.00%. Synthesized SMTSA revealed optimistic catalytic activity for transesterification of waste cooking oil with 5% catalyst dose (w/w). SMTSA catalyst was duly characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, TPD-NH3 and SEM analysis. While, synthesized biodiesel and triglycerides of lauric acid were well characterized by FT-IR as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques.
Lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification for solvent-free production of mixed lauric acid esters with antibacterial and antioxidative activities
Yu, Hyunjong,Byun, Yerim,Chang, Pahn-Shick
, (2021/08/01)
Mixed lauric acid esters (MLE) with antibacterial and antioxidative activities were produced through lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification in solvent-free system without purification. In the first reaction, erythorbyl laurate was synthesized for 72 h. Successive reaction for 6 h at molar ratio of 1.0 (lauric acid to glycerol) produced MLE containing erythorbyl laurate and glyceryl laurate with small amounts of residual substrates, by converting 99.52% of lauric acid. MLE addition (0.5–2.0%, w/w) to Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential, possibly enhancing the emulsion stability. In the emulsions, MLE at 0.5 and 2.0% (w/w) caused 4.4–4.6 and 5.9–6.1 log reductions of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively, within 12 h. Lipid hydroperoxide concentrations decreased to 50.8–98.3% in the presence of 0.5–2.0% (w/w) MLE. These findings support a novel approach without needing purification to produce multi-functional food additives for emulsion foods.
Sustainable production of biodiesel and transformation of glycerol to glycerol laurate esters over inner diameter-controlled sulfonic acid functionalized ethyl-bridged-organosilica nanotubes
Guo, Yihang,Liu, Jingyu,Song, Daiyu,Wu, Qingyin,Zhang, Chaoyue,Zhang, Qingqing
, (2021/01/11)
Solid acid-catalyzed biodiesel production from inedible oils offers a promising mean to reduce the cost of feedstocks and avoid the competition with edible oil market. Here we demonstrate a series of inner diameter-controlled sulfonic acid functionalized ethyl-bridged-organosilica nanotubes (Ar/PrSO3H–Si(Et)Si) by a toluene swollen mixed Pluronic surfactant micelle-templating co-condensation route for transesterification of tripalmitin or plant oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters and esterification of glycerol with lauric acid to produce mono- and di-glycerol esters. By combination of superstrong Br?nsted acidity, unique hollow tubular nanostructure, excellent porosity properties and hydrophobic surface, the Ar/PrSO3H–Si(Et)Si nanotubes display higher catalytic activity as compared with acidic resin and zeolite. Additionally, the inner diameters and lengths of Ar/PrSO3H–Si(Et)Si nanotubes influence the activity obviously. The Ar/PrSO3H–Si(Et)Si nanotubes also show excellent catalytic reusability, attributing to covalent bonding of Ar/PrSO3H groups within silica/carbon framework and surface hydrophobicity of the catalysts.
Highly selective biocatalytic synthesis of monoacylglycerides in sponge-like ionic liquids
Lozano, Pedro,Gomez, Celia,Nieto, Susana,Sanchez-Gomez, Gregorio,García-Verdugo, Eduardo,Luis, Santiago V.
, p. 390 - 396 (2017/08/14)
The biocatalytic synthesis of monoacylglycerides (MAGs) was carried out by the direct esterification of fatty acids (i.e. capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids, respectively) with glycerol in different ionic liquids (ILs) based on cations with long alkyl side-chains (e.g. 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C16mim][NTf2], 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C12mim][BF4], etc.). Although all ILs have been shown as suitable reaction media for Novozym 435-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with free fatty acids, a high selectivity of MAGs was only observed in the [C12mim][BF4] case (e.g. up to 100% selectivity and 100% yield for monolaurin). Furthermore, as these ILs are temperature switchable ionic liquid/solid phases that behave as sponge-like systems, a straightforward protocol for IL-free MAG recovery, based on iterative centrifugations at controlled temperature, has been developed.
