5396-58-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Production:
2-Methylbutane-2,3-diol is utilized as a key ingredient in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals due to its compatibility with biological systems and its ability to enhance the solubility of certain drugs.
Used in Fragrance and Flavoring Industry:
It serves as a component in the production of fragrances and flavorings, where its sweet taste and odorless nature contribute to the creation of various scents and tastes in consumer products.
Used as a Solvent:
2-Methylbutane-2,3-diol is employed as a solvent in various chemical processes, taking advantage of its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.
Used in Antifreeze and De-icing Solutions:
It is incorporated into antifreeze and de-icing solutions, leveraging its properties to lower the freezing point of water and prevent the formation of ice.
Used in Food and Cosmetic Products:
Recognized for its safety, 2-methylbutane-2,3-diol is used in food and cosmetic products as a humectant to retain moisture and improve texture or shelf life.
Safety Considerations:
While 2-methylbutane-2,3-diol is considered safe for its intended uses, it is important to handle it with care due to its flammability. Proper storage and use in well-ventilated areas are essential to minimize risks.

InChI:InChI=1/C5H12O2/c1-4(6)5(2,3)7/h4,6-7H,1-3H3

Upstream product

• 5076-19-7 trimethyloxirane 
• 917-64-6 methyl magnesium iodide 
• 97-64-3 ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate 
• 513-35-9 2-methyl-but-2-ene 
• 21326-62-5 3-chloro-2-methyl-butan-2-ol 
• 594-51-4 2,3-dibromo-2-methylbutane 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 67-64-1 acetone 
• 10473-14-0 3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol 
• 22668-10-6 trimethyl-[1,2]dioxetane 
• 13325-14-9 3-amino-3-methylbutan-2-ol 
• 61040-97-9 3-hydroperoxy-3-methyl-butan-2-ol 
• 63846-76-4 ethyl 2,4,6-tri-isopropylbenzoate 
• 68027-59-8 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-yl-(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoat) 

Downstream Products

• 563-80-4 3-methyl-butan-2-one 
• 594-61-6 2-methyllactic acid 
• 94972-51-7 4,4,5-trimethyl-2-phenyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane 
• 110977-43-0 (RS)-2-hydroxy-1,2-dimethylpropyl benzoate 
• 22931-96-0 4-Nitro-benzoic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-propyl ester 
• 118831-85-9 4,4,5-trimethyl-2,2,2-triphenyl-1,3,2λ⁵-dioxaphospholane 
• 791-28-6 Triphenylphosphine oxide 
• 81455-03-0 1,1-dimethyl-2-phenoxypropanol 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 630-19-3 pivalaldehyde 
• 49642-48-0 2,3-dimethylbutanal 
• 66553-15-9 2,3-Dimethyl-1,2-Butanediol 
• 4111-10-8 (+/-)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbutanenitrile 
• 78-84-2 isobutyraldehyde 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Mo–Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of N-Polyheterocycles from Nitroarenes and Glycols with Recycling of the Waste Reduction Byproduct. Substituent-Tuned Photophysical Properties

A catalytic domino reduction–imine formation–intramolecular cyclization–oxidation for the general synthesis of a wide variety of biologically relevant N-polyheterocycles, such as quinoxaline- and quinoline-fused derivatives, and phenanthridines, is reported. A simple, easily available, and environmentally friendly dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex has proven to be a highly efficient and versatile catalyst for transforming a broad range of starting nitroarenes involving several redox processes. Not only is this a sustainable, step-economical as well as air- and moisture-tolerant method, but also it is worth highlighting that the waste byproduct generated in the first step of the sequence is recycled and incorporated in the final target molecule, improving the overall synthetic efficiency. Moreover, selected indoloquinoxalines have been photophysically characterized in cyclohexane and toluene with exceptional fluorescence quantum yields above 0.7 for the alkyl derivatives.

Compound, resin, and a method for manufacturing a resist pattern a resist composition (by machine translation)

[A] good CD uniformity can be produced compound resist pattern, a resist composition containing a resin and to. (I) a compound represented by the formula [a], the compound from the resin and the resin-containing resist composition. [In the formula, R1 Is, the alkyl group may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. R2 , R3 And R4 The, each alkyl group. A1 Is, a single bond or represents alkanediyl group. R is an alkyl group of 1 - adamantyl group or may have a * - CHR5 R6 Representing. * Represents the bonding position. R5 And R6 Is, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a combination of any group, R5 And R6 They are coupled to each other and form a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom bond 2. ][Drawing] no (by machine translation)

THIENOPYRIMIDINES CONTAINING A SUBSTITUTED ALKYL GROUP FOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to novel thienopyhmidine compounds of general formula pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and their therapeutic use for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases which can be influenced by the inhibition of the kinase activity of Mnk1 and/or Mnk2 (Mnk2a or Mnk2b) and/or variants thereof.

THIENOPYRIMIDINES CONTAINING A SUBSTITUTED ALKYL GROUP FOR PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to novel thienopyrimidine compounds of general formula pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and their therapeutic use for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases which can be influenced by the inhibition of the kinase activity of Mnk1 and/or Mnk2 (Mnk2a or Mnk2b) and/or variants thereof.

Polymer-mediated pinacol rearrangements

Both poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(pyrrole) mediate a pinacol rearrangement of 1,2-diols. The yields of ketone or aldehyde products are comparable to those observed for treatment with mineral acids or Lewis acids. The advantage of this protocol is a two-phase reaction medium in hydrocarbon solvents that allows facile recovery of the products by simple filtration of the polymer and removal of solvents. Both the polymer and the hydrocarbon solvent may be recovered and used in subsequent reactions. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.

Kinetics and mechanism of the catalytic hydration of 2-methylbutene-2 oxide

The kinetics of the hydration of 2-methylbutene-2 oxide in the presence of bis(ethandiol-1,2)molybdate has been studied. The mathematical description of oxide consumption and formation of 2-methylbutanediol has been obtained. The most probable scheme for the the process has been proposed. The main kinetic constants have been calculated.

Efficient synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic oxalate esters of glycols.

Based on the mechanism postulated for the formation of the cyclic carbonates 3 in the reactions of glycols 1 with oxalyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, we present here three efficient syntheses of the cyclic oxalates 2 of various glycols 1 by controlling the formation of 3: replacement of the base by pyridine markedly diminishes yields of 3 in all reactions, realizing dramatic reversals of the product ratios in the reactions with the (R*,R*)-compounds 1g-i,q,r and pinacol (1k); although considerable amounts of the oxalate polymers are formed in the reactions with some (R*,S*)-glycols, this drawback can be removed by the use of 2,4,6-collidine instead of pyridine; 1,1'-oxalyldiimidazole is useful for the synthesis of two selected cyclic oxalates 2e,f. The cyclic oxalates 2 other than trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted ones were found to be very reactive: kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of 1,4-dioxane-2,3-dione (2a) as well as its mono- and some selected 5,6-disubstituted derivatives 2 have revealed that they undergo hydrolysis 260-1500 times more rapidly than diethyl oxalate (12) in acetate buffer-acetonitrile (pH 5.69) at 25 degrees C. Although the cyclic oxalate 21 from cis-1,2-cyclopentanediol (11) was 1.5 times more reactive than 2a, it has been shown with other substrates that increasing number of the alkyl substituents decreases the rate of hydrolysis. On the contrary, the phenyl group was found to have somewhat accelerative effect.

Direct formation of pinacols from olefins over various titano-silicates

The epoxidation and successive pinacol formation of tri- and tetraalkyl-substituted olefins using Ti-β/H2O2/H2O as the catalytic system has been investigated. Aluminum-free Ti-β exhibits better activity and pinacol selectivity than TS-1, TS-2, Ti-MCM-22, and mesoporous Ti-MCM-41. Pinacol (vic-diol) is obtained as the major product with small amounts of the side products pinacolone, alcohol (via hydration), and oligomers. The conversion and pinacol selectivity increase with an increase in reaction temperature and time. The change in product distribution with reaction time over Ti-β shows that the epoxide is the initial product which undergoes a secondary reaction to give pinacol as the major product. The conversion and H2O2 selectivity decrease with the bulkiness of the substituents at the C=C bond but the selectivity of pinacol is not significantly affected. The reactivity of cyclic 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene is considerably lower than that of the corresponding open-chain analogue 2-methyl-2-butene. The symmetrical tetramethyl-substituted 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene led to the formation of small amount of dimers over medium-pore titanium silicates TS-1, TS-2, and Ti-MCM-22. The epoxidation of these substituted olefins proceeded more rapidly when using acetonitrile as a cosolvent than under triphase conditions. Mechanistically, the primary epoxide product undergoes acid-catalyzed nucleophilic ring opening by H2O molecules to give pinacol.

Study of the addition of monoalkylphosphonic acids onto trialkyl-substituted epoxides

The addition of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (or ethephon), a well-known stimulating molecule for the production of latex by Hevea brasiliensis, onto 2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutane was investigated to enhance the understandings on the addition mechanisms of reagents of alkylphosphonic acid type onto trialkyl-substituted epoxides. It was demonstrated that the addition occurs according to a three-step mechanism including a rapid nucleophilic attack of the phosphorated anion on the most alkyl-substituted carbon of the oxirane, followed by formation of a dioxaphospholane structure with release of water, and finally a hydrolytic cleavage of the dioxaphospholane cycle to generate the regioisomer 1:1 adduct where the phosphorated group is on the less alkyl-substituted carbon of the initial oxirane.

Biotransformation of [12C]- and [13C]-tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol

tert-Amyl methyl ether (TAME) is intended for use as a gasoline additive to increase oxygen content. Increased oxygen content in gasoline reduces tailpipe emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from cars. Due to possible widespread use of TAME, the toxicity of TAME is under investigation. We studied the biotransformation of TAME in rats and one human volunteer after inhalation of 12C- or 13C-labeled TAME. In addition, the biotransformation of [13C]-tert-amyl alcohol was studied in rats after gavage. Urinary metabolites were identified by GC/MS and 13C NMR. Rats (two males and two females) were individually exposed to 2000 ppm [12C]- or [13C]TAME for 6 h, and urine was collected for 48 h. Free and glucuronidated 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol and a glucuronide of tert-amyl alcohol were identified by 13C NMR, GC/MS, and LC/MS/MS as major urinary metabolites on the basis of the relative intensities of the 13C NMR signals. The presence of several minor metabolites was also indicated by 13C NMR; they were identified as tert-amyl alcohol, 2-hydroxy-2- methylbutyric acid, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid. One human volunteer was exposed to an initial concentration of 27 000 ppm [13C]TAME by inhalation for 4 min from a 2 L gas sampling bag, and metabolites of TAME excreted in urine were analyzed by 13C NMR. All TAME metabolites identified in rats were also present in the human urine samples. To study tert-amyl alcohol biotransformation, male rats (n = 3) were treated with 250 mg/kg [13C]-tert-amyl alcohol dissolved in corn oil by garage, and urine was collected for 48 h. 13C NMR of the urine samples showed the presence of metabolites identical to those in the urine of [13C]TAME-treated rats. Our results suggest that TAME is extensively metabolized by rats and humans to tert-amyl alcohol which may be further oxidized to diols and carboxylic acids. These reactions are likely mediated by cytochrome P450-dependent oxidations.