5602-19-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well-Defined Protein–Protein Conjugates
Baalmann, Mathis,Bitsch, Sebastian,Deweid, Lukas,Ilkenhans, Nadja,Kolmar, Harald,Neises, Laura,Schneider, Hendrik,Werther, Philipp,Wilhelm, Jonas,Wolfring, Martin,Wombacher, Richard,Ziegler, Michael J.
, p. 12885 - 12893 (2020/06/02)
Bioorthogonal chemistry holds great potential to generate difficult-to-access protein–protein conjugate architectures. Current applications are hampered by challenging protein expression systems, slow conjugation chemistry, use of undesirable catalysts, or often do not result in quantitative product formation. Here we present a highly efficient technology for protein functionalization with commonly used bioorthogonal motifs for Diels–Alder cycloaddition with inverse electron demand (DAinv). With the aim of precisely generating branched protein chimeras, we systematically assessed the reactivity, stability and side product formation of various bioorthogonal chemistries directly at the protein level. We demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our conjugation platform using different functional proteins and the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab. This technology enables fast and routine access to tailored and hitherto inaccessible protein chimeras useful for a variety of scientific disciplines. We expect our work to substantially enhance antibody applications such as immunodetection and protein toxin-based targeted cancer therapies.
CATALYTIC CARBOXYLATION OF ACTIVATED ALKANES AND/OR OLEFINS
-
Page/Page column 65; 66; 67, (2018/02/28)
The present invention relates to a method of reacting starting materials with an activating group, namely alkanes carrying a leaving group and/or olefins, with carbon dioxide under transition metal catalysis to give carboxyl group-containing products. It is a special feature of the method of the present invention that the carboxylation predominantly takes place at a preferred position of the molecule irrespective of the position of the activating group. The carboxylation position is either an aliphatic terminus of the molecule or it is a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon carrying an electron withdrawing group. The course of the reaction can be controlled by appropriately choosing the reaction conditions to yield the desired regioisomer.
Remote carboxylation of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide
Juliá-Hernández, Francisco,Moragas, Toni,Cornella, Josep,Martin, Ruben
, p. 84 - 88 (2017/05/12)
Catalytic carbon-carbon bond formation has enabled the streamlining of synthetic routes when assembling complex molecules. It is particularly important when incorporating saturated hydrocarbons, which are common motifs in petrochemicals and biologically relevant molecules. However, cross-coupling methods that involve alkyl electrophiles result in catalytic bond formation only at specific and previously functionalized sites. Here we describe a catalytic method that is capable of promoting carboxylation reactions at remote and unfunctionalized aliphatic sites with carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure. The reaction occurs via selective migration of the catalyst along the hydrocarbon side-chain with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity, representing a remarkable reactivity relay when compared with classical cross-coupling reactions. Our results demonstrate that site-selectivity can be switched and controlled, enabling the functionalization of less-reactive positions in the presence of a priori more reactive ones. Furthermore, we show that raw materials obtained in bulk from petroleum processing, such as alkanes and unrefined mixtures of olefins, can be used as substrates. This offers an opportunity to integrate a catalytic platform en route to valuable fatty acids by transforming petroleum-derived feedstocks directly.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of aziridin-1-yl oxime-based vorinostat analogs as anticancer agents
Nikitjuka, Anna,Shestakova, Irina,Romanchikova, Nadezhda,Jirgensons, Aigars
, p. 647 - 657 (2016/01/15)
The suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat) analogs with the aziridin-1-yl oxime moiety as a possible metal chelating functionality have been synthesized. Their biological activity and stability under physiological conditions have been evaluated. Although some of the synthesized compounds demonstrated high antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 fibrosarcoma (HT1080, IC50 0.3-7.7 μM) comparable to vorinostat (HT1080, IC50 2.4 μM), they showed only weak histone deacetylase inhibition activity in HeLa cell line extracts.
Ni-catalyzed carboxylation of unactivated primary alkyl bromides and sulfonates with CO2
Liu, Yu,Cornella, Josep,Martin, Ruben
supporting information, p. 11212 - 11215 (2014/09/30)
A Ni-catalyzed carboxylation of unactivated primary alkyl bromides and sulfonates with CO2 at atmospheric pressure is described. The method is characterized by its mild conditions and remarkably wide scope without the need for air- or moisture-sensitive reagents, which make it a user-friendly and operationally simple protocol en route to carboxylic acids.
Alkyne-tag Raman imaging for visualization of mobile small molecules in live cells
Yamakoshi, Hiroyuki,Dodo, Kosuke,Palonpon, Almar,Ando, Jun,Fujita, Katsumasa,Kawata, Satoshi,Sodeoka, Mikiko
, p. 20681 - 20689 (2013/02/23)
Alkyne has a unique Raman band that does not overlap with Raman scattering from any endogenous molecule in live cells. Here, we show that alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI) is a promising approach for visualizing nonimmobilized small molecules in live cells. An examination of structure-Raman shift/intensity relationships revealed that alkynes conjugated to an aromatic ring and/or to a second alkyne (conjugated diynes) have strong Raman signals in the cellular silent region and can be excellent tags. Using these design guidelines, we synthesized and imaged a series of alkyne-tagged coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogues in live cells. Cellular concentrations of diyne-tagged CoQ analogues could be semiquantitatively estimated. Finally, simultaneous imaging of two small molecules, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and a CoQ analogue, with distinct Raman tags was demonstrated.
Nitrilase-catalyzed selective hydrolysis of dinitriles and green access to the cyanocarboxylic acids of pharmaceutical importance
Zhu, Dunming,Mukherjee, Chandrani,Biehl, Edward R.,Hua, Ling
, p. 1667 - 1670 (2008/02/11)
To further explore its synthetic applications, the nitrilase bll6402 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA110 has been examined toward the hydrolysis of various dinitriles. It has been found that nitrilase bll6402 effectively hydrolyzed α,ω-dinitriles to ω-cyanocarboxylic acids, and the selectivity was independent of the substrate chain length. This feature is distinct from all the known nitrilases of various sources. Nitrilase bll6402 was thus applied to the synthesis of 1-cyanocycloalkaneacetic acids, the useful precursors for the synthesis of gabapentin and its analogues.
Exploring the synthetic applicability of a cyanobacterium nitrilase as catalyst for nitrile hydrolysis
Mukherjee, Chandrani,Zhu, Dunming,Biehl, Edward R.,Hua, Ling
, p. 5238 - 5242 (2007/10/03)
The substrate specificity and synthetic applicability of the nitrilase from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 have been examined. This nitrilase catalyzed the hydrolysis of both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles to the corresponding acids in high yields. Furthermore, the stereoselective hydrolysis of phenyl-substituted β-hydroxy nitriles to (S)-enriched β-hydroxy carboxylic acids and selective hydrolysis of α,ω- dinitriles with five or less methylene groups to ω-cyano carboxylic acids have been achieved. This suggested that nitrilase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 could be a useful enzyme catalyst for the "green" nitrile hydrolysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.
A Selective and Mild Oxidation of Primary Amines to Nitriles with Trichloroisocyanuric Acid
Chen, Fen-Er,Kuang, Yun-Yan,Dai, Hui-Fang,Lu, Liang,Huo, Ming
, p. 2629 - 2631 (2007/10/03)
An efficient and highly selective method for the oxidative conversion of primary amines to the corresponding nitriles using trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of catalytic TEMPO under mild reaction conditions is described. Other functional groups such as C,C-double bonds, benzyloxy etc. were found to be unaffected under the reaction conditions. This procedure provides a new entry to the synthesis of various aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic nitriles in excellent yield.
Selective hydrolysis of aliphatic dinitriles to monocarboxylic acids by a nitrilase from Arabidopsis thaliana
Effenberger,Osswald
, p. 1866 - 1872 (2007/10/03)
The hydrolysis of a variety of dinitriles including α,ω-dicyanoalkanes 1, β-substituted glutaronitriles 5, and γ-cyanopimelonitrile 7 with a recombinant plant nitrilase from Arabidopsis thaliana, expressed in E. coli, is described. Conversion rate and selectivity of the hydrolysis of dinitriles 1a-f to ω-cyanocarboxylic acids 2a-f depend on the chain length. The enzyme activity markedly increases from malononitrile (1a) to octanedinitrile (1f). The selectivity, however, does not correlate with the rates. Up to a chain length of 6 C-atoms, the cyanocarboxylic acid is the only product, even at complete conversion of the starting material. Pimelonitrile (1e) is hydrolyzed to the cyanocarboxylic acid 2e without formation of diacid (1%) up to 73% conversion. Glutaronitriles 5a-c were also hydrolyzed to the corresponding cyanobutanoic acids 6a-c with perfect selectivity. The nitrilase hydrolyzes exclusively the primary cyano group of 7 to give 3,5-dicyanoheptanoic acid (8a), whereby the selectivity is slightly reduced compared to the unsubstituted pimelonitrile (1e). If the hydrolysis is terminated at conversions ≤90%, pure 8a can be isolated in 72% yield (92% referred to conversion). After esterification of 8a to the methyl ester 8b, only the 5-cyano group but not the ester function was hydrolyzed enzymatically to give cyanoheptanedioic acid monoester (10).
