58550-13-3

Upstream product

• 5265-18-9 (+/-)-cathinone 
• 26251-08-1 2-nitro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 119-51-7 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione 2-oxime 
• 637-50-3 1-phenylpropene 
• 55253-39-9 (R)-1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one oxime 
• 124368-83-8 (1R,2S)-(-)-2-Amino-1-phenyl-1-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-propane 
• 123367-02-2 (S)-2-(2,5-Dimethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol 
• 123367-03-3 erythro-2-(2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol 
• 630-19-3 pivalaldehyde 
• 93643-58-4 (4S,5R)-2,4-Dimethyl-2,5-diphenyl-oxazolidine 
• 123-72-8 butyraldehyde 
• 20993-63-9 ((S)-2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester 
• 141900-27-8 (1R,2S)-2-Hydroxyamino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol 

Downstream Products

• 4380-71-6 N-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)benzamide 
• 93315-93-6 5-methyl-3,6-diphenyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,4]oxazin-2-one 
• 19825-28-6 3-chloro-benzo[b]pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]thiazine-10-carboxylic acid 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethylamide 
• 4062-33-3 (4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenyl-amine 
• 71526-79-9 7a-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-3-methyl-2-phenyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazole 
• 133305-21-2 Pyrrole-2-(2-imino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol) 
• 133305-20-1 Thiophene-2-(2-imino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol) 
• 103026-09-1 2-Amino-1-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4,5-dimethyl-3-pyrrolcarbonitril 
• 100944-52-3 5-methyl-6-phenyl-(3-methoxycarbonyl)methylene-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-2-one 
• 48184-32-3 1-Phenyl-2-(4-methoxy-benzylamino)-propanol-(1) 
• 117465-77-7 L-erythro-2-amino-1-(4-nitro-phenyl)-propanol-⁽¹⁾ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

High Regio- and Stereoselective Multi-enzymatic Synthesis of All Phenylpropanolamine Stereoisomers from β-Methylstyrene

We present a one-pot cascade for the synthesis of phenylpropanolamines (PPAs) in high optical purities (er and dr up to >99.5 %) and analytical yields (up to 95 %) by using 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diols as key intermediates. This bioamination entails the combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an ω-transaminase (ωTA) and an alanine dehydrogenase to create a redox-neutral network, which harnesses the exquisite and complementary regio- and stereo-selectivities of the selected ADHs and ωTAs. The requisite 1-phenylpropane-1,2-diol intermediates were obtained from trans- or cis-β-methylstyrene by combining a styrene monooxygenase with epoxide hydrolases. Furthermore, in selected cases, the envisioned cascade enabled to obtain the structural isomer (1S,2R)-1-amino-1-phenylpropan-2-ol in high optical purity (er and dr >99.5 %). This is the first report on an enzymatic method that enables to obtain all of the four possible PPA stereoisomers in great enantio- and diastereo-selectivity.

A modular, low footprint and scalable flow platform for the expedient α-aminohydroxylation of enolizable ketones

The unique reactivity profile of α-chloronitroso derivatives is expressed to its fullest potential through the development of an integrated, modular and scalable continuous flow process for the electrophilic α-aminohydroxylation of various enolizable ketones. Flow conditions contribute to mitigating the high reactivity and toxicity of α-chloronitroso derivatives and provide an efficient, versatile and safe protocol for the α-aminohydroxylation of ketones with a minimal footprint. Fundamental aspects of the α-aminohydroxylation process were computed by DFT and further supported the experimental observations, hence leading to the unprecedented α-chloronitroso-based α-aminohydroxylation of primary, secondary and tertiary substrates. Recycling of the carbon backbone of the α-chloronitroso derivatives provides a high atom economy for the preparation of value-added molecules. This work showcases α-chloronitroso derivatives as economic and efficient vehicles for transferring electrophilic synthons of hydroxylamine toward nucleophilic enolates. A representative range of precursors and analogs of pharmaceutical active ingredients, including WHO essentials and drugs in shortage (such as epinephrine and ketamine), are prepared within minutes according to a fully concatenated process. The process features sequential modules with distinct unit operations including chemical transformations and multiple in-line extractions. The process relies on an upstream chemical Generator that manages the preparation of α-chloronitroso derivatives and that feeds downstream a series of α-aminohydroxylation modules. The setup is amenable to the addition of libraries of compounds for feeding upstream the process of discovery in medicinal chemistry and is transposable to pilot scale. Several layers of in-line analytical procedures are featured to improve process control and safety.

Development of an engineered thermostable amine dehydrogenase for the synthesis of structurally diverse chiral amines

Amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) are emerging as a class of attractive biocatalysts for synthesizing chiral amines via asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with inexpensive ammonia as an amino donor. However, the AmDHs developed to date exhibit limited substrate scope. Here, using directed evolution, we engineered a GkAmDH based on a thermostable phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Geobacillus kaustophilus. The newly developed AmDH is able to catalyze reductive amination of a diverse set of ketones and functionalized hydroxy ketones with ammonia or primary amines with up to >99% conversion, thus accessing structurally diverse chiral primary and secondary amines and chiral vicinal amino alcohols, with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) and releasing water as the sole by-product.

A new type of L-Tertiary leucine-derived ligand: Synthesis and application in Cu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions

A new series of Schiff bases derived from amino acids were developed as chiral ligands for Cu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions. The optimum ligand 7d exhibited outstanding catalytic efficiency in the Cu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry additions of four nitroalkanes to different kinds of aldehydes to produce 76 desired adducts in high yields (up to 96%) with excellent enantioselectivities, up to 99% enantiomeric excess (ee).

Regio- and stereoselective multi-enzymatic aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene using dioxygen, ammonia and formate

We report an enzymatic route for the formal regio- and stereoselective aminohydroxylation of β-methylstyrene that consumes only dioxygen, ammonia and formate; carbonate is the by-product. The biocascade entails highly selective epoxidation, hydrolysis and hydrogen-borrowing alcohol amination. Thus, β-methylstyrene was converted into 1R,2R and 1S,2R-phenylpropanolamine in 59-63% isolated yields, and up to >99.5 : 0.5 dr and er.

Chiral-Organotin-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Vicinal Amino Alcohols

A highly efficient kinetic resolution of racemic amino alcohols has been achieved for the first time with a chiral tin catalyst. A chiral organotin compound with 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl groups at the 3,3′-positions of the binaphthyl framework enabled this transformation with excellent yield and high enantioselectivity. The process tolerates aryl- and alkyl-substituted amino alcohols and a variety of other substrates, affording the corresponding products in high enantioselectivity and with s factors up to >500.

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS

Provided herein are aminoglycosides for the treatment of infections, and pharmaceutical compositions, methods, kits, and uses thereof. Also provided are a methods of making aminoglycosides that enables late-stage derivatization of the C6' and C3 " amino groups, thereby allowing facile access to previously inaccessible aminoglycosides.

Evaluation of the Edman degradation product of vancomycin bonded to core-shell particles as a new HPLC chiral stationary phase

A modified macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phase (CSP), prepared via Edman degradation of vancomycin, was evaluated as a chiral selector for the first time. Its applicability was compared with other macrocyclic glycopeptide-based CSPs: TeicoShell and VancoShell. In addition, another modified macrocyclic glycopeptide-based CSP, NicoShell, was further examined. Initial evaluation was focused on the complementary behavior with these glycopeptides. A screening procedure was used based on previous work for the enantiomeric separation of 50 chiral compounds including amino acids, pesticides, stimulants, and a variety of pharmaceuticals. Fast and efficient chiral separations resulted by using superficially porous (core-shell) particle supports. Overall, the vancomycin Edman degradation product (EDP) resembled TeicoShell with high enantioselectivity for acidic compounds in the polar ionic mode. The simultaneous enantiomeric separation of 5 racemic profens using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with EDP was performed in approximately 3?minutes. Other highlights include simultaneous liquid chromatography separations of rac-amphetamine and rac-methamphetamine with VancoShell, rac-pseudoephedrine and rac-ephedrine with NicoShell, and rac-dichlorprop and rac-haloxyfop with TeicoShell.

Selective Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators for the Inhaled Treatment of Pulmonary Diseases

A class of potent, nonsteroidal, selective indazole ether-based glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SGRMs) was developed for the inhaled treatment of respiratory diseases. Starting from an orally available compound with demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in rat, a soft-drug strategy was implemented to ensure rapid elimination of drug candidates to minimize systemic GR activation. The first clinical candidate 1b (AZD5423) displayed a potent inhibition of lung edema in a rat model of allergic airway inflammation following dry powder inhalation combined with a moderate systemic GR-effect, assessed as thymic involution. Further optimization of inhaled drug properties provided a second, equally potent, candidate, 15m (AZD7594), that demonstrated an improved therapeutic ratio over the benchmark inhaled corticosteroid 3 (fluticasone propionate) and prolonged the inhibition of lung edema, indicating potential for once-daily treatment.

Stereoselective Catalytic Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Homemade 3D-Printed Mesoreactors

3D-printed flow reactors were designed, fabricated from different materials (PLA, HIPS, nylon), and used for a catalytic stereoselective Henry reaction. The use of readily prepared and tunable 3D-printed reactors enabled the rapid screening of devices with different sizes, shapes, and channel dimensions, aimed at the identification of the best-performing reactor setup. The optimized process afforded the products in high yields, moderate diastereoselectivity, and up to 90 % ee. The method was applied to the continuous-flow synthesis of biologically active chiral 1,2-amino alcohols (norephedrine, metaraminol, and methoxamine) through a two-step sequence combining the nitroaldol reaction with a hydrogenation. To highlight potential industrial applications of this method, a multistep continuous synthesis of norephedrine has been realized. The product was isolated without any intermediate purifications or solvent switches.