65141-46-0 Usage
Description
Nicorandil is a unique pharmaceutical compound that functions as both a vasodilator and a nitric oxide donor, as well as an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener. It is recognized for its ability to widen blood vessels, thereby increasing blood and oxygen flow to the heart, and for its protective effects against stress-induced cell death in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes.
Uses
Used in Cardiovascular Medicine:
Nicorandil is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for angina, a condition characterized by chest pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart. Its vasodilating properties help alleviate the symptoms of angina by improving blood circulation and oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
Used in Cardiac Protection:
Nicorandil is used as a cardioprotective agent, particularly in the context of ischemia and reperfusion injury. A study has demonstrated that Nicorandil can protect against stress-induced cell death in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes and preserve cardiac function in the mdx mouse heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Preparation
Nicorandil is obtained by treating nicotinic acid chloride hydrochloride with nitro-oxy-ethyl-amine nitrate in an organic solvent.Nicorandil was synthesized from 2-aminoethanol by a four step process. In order to protect the amino group during nitration, 2-aminoethanol was first treated with phthalic anhydride. The amide formed was then nitrated using a nitrating mixture and was subsequently deprotected by reacting with hydrazine hydrate. The 2- nitroxyethylamine obtained was condensed with nicotinoyl chloride in pyridine. Treatment with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution gave nicorandil as free base.synthesis of Nicorandil
Biochem/physiol Actions
Nicorandil is a hybrid ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel opener and nicotinamide nitrate NO donor. Nicorandil selectively activates SUR2B- versus SUR2A-containing KATP channels. It enhances endothelial NO synthase expression and protects against ischemic ventricular arrhythmias. By activating potassium channels, and donating nitric oxide to activate the enzyme guanylate cyclase, Nicorandil causes activation of GMP leading to both arterial and venous vasodilatation. Nicorandil is selective for vascular potassium channels, but has no significant action on cardiac contractility and conduction.
Clinical Use
Nicorandil is used for the prevention and treatment of chronic stable angina. It is usually used when angina becomes difficult to control by other drugs and is given as an additional treatment.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil: enhanced
hypotensive effect - avoid.
Riociguat: possible enhanced hypotensive effect -
avoid.
Metabolism
Metabolism of nicorandil is mainly by denitration of the
molecule into the nicotinamide pathway.
About 20% of a dose is excreted in the urine mainly as
metabolites
Mode of action
The coronary vasodilating activity of nicorandil is considered to be the consequence of the increasing cyclic GMP production by stimulating guanylyl cyclase in the coronary vascular smooth muscle, similar to other nitrates/nitrites (in vitro). In addition, other mechanisms such as hyperpolarization of the cell membrane were investigated concerning its coronary blood flowincreasing and coronary vasospasmolytic effects.The vasorelaxant effect of nicorandil in isolated blood vessels is suppressed by an ATP-sensitive K channel blocker or a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. Moreover, in a canine model of acute heart failure, the cardiac haemodynamics-improving effect of the drug (e.g. effect of increasing the aortic blood flow) was suppressed by an ATP-sensitive K channel blocker. Furthermore, the drug caused an increase in the cGMP content in isolated blood vessels. These facts suggest that the vasodilating effect of the drug is related to the effect of opening the ATP-sensitive K channel, as well as to the effect of increasing production of cGMP.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 65141-46-0 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 6,5,1,4 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 65141-46:
(7*6)+(6*5)+(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*1)+(2*4)+(1*6)=110
110 % 10 = 0
So 65141-46-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8H9N3O4/c12-8(7-2-1-3-9-6-7)10-4-5-15-11(13)14/h1-3,6H,4-5H2,(H,10,12)
65141-46-0Relevant articles and documents
Preparation method of Nicodil
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Paragraph 0045; 0067; 0068; 0069; 0070, (2021/10/16)
The invention discloses a preparation method of Nicorandil, the preparation method comprises the following steps: directly synthesizing N-(2-ethoxyl) nicotinamide by taking nicotinamide as an initial raw material through a transamidation method, and nitrifying by using a mixture of non-fuming nitric acid, acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain Nicorandil. The method simplifies the existing synthesis process, is easy and convenient to operate and is more suitable for large-scale production; meanwhile, the yield of products obtained in each step of reaction is increased, the types and the dosage of reaction reagents are greatly reduced, and the production cost is lower. The technical problems of more reaction steps, high reagent consumption, low production efficiency, serious environmental pollution, poor quality of the prepared product and low yield of the existing preparation process are solved.
Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters
An, Jichao,He, Pan,Li, Wenhao,Liu, Peipei,Si, Mengyuan,Yang, Bo,Yang, Guanyu
supporting information, p. 6612 - 6616 (2020/09/21)
To pursue a sustainable and efficient approach for aliphatic nitroester preparation from alcohol, europium-triflate-catalyzed nitration, which directly uses commercial nitric acid, has been successfully developed. Gram scalability with operational ease showed its practicability.
Highly efficient synthesis of β-nitrate ester carboxamides through the ring-opening of 2-oxazolines
Qiao, Kai,Yuan, Xin,Wan, Li,Zheng, Ming-Wei,Zhang, Dong,Fan, Bing-Bing,Di, Zhe-Chen,Fang, Zheng,Guo, Kai
, p. 5789 - 5793 (2017/12/26)
A novel method for the synthesis of β-nitrate ester carboxamides using non-corrosive tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as the nitro source and easily available oxygen as the oxidant has been developed. Variously substituted 2-oxazolines were efficiently ring-opened to deliver the corresponding products in excellent yields. Notably, this reaction provides fast access to pharmaceuticals such as nicorandil.