7554-12-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Flavor and Fragrance Industry:
Diethyl malate is used as a flavoring agent for its fruity and pleasant herbaceous aroma. It is commonly added to the production of beverages, confectionery, and other food products to enhance their taste and provide a unique sensory experience.
Used in the Cosmetic Industry:
In the cosmetic industry, diethyl malate is utilized as a fragrance ingredient due to its appealing scent. It is often incorporated into perfumes, lotions, and other personal care products to create a pleasant and lasting fragrance.
Used in the Pharmaceutical Industry:
Diethyl malate is employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. Its unique chemical properties make it a valuable building block for the development of new drugs and medications.
Used in the Chemical Industry:
Diethyl malate serves as a versatile reagent in the chemical industry, where it is used in the production of various chemicals and materials. Its ester functionality allows for further chemical modifications and reactions, making it a useful component in the synthesis of a wide range of products.

Preparation

The l-isomer can be prepared by esterification of the l-isomer of the acid with alcohol in the presence of HCl.

InChI:InChI=1/C8H14O5/c1-3-12-7(10)5-6(9)8(11)13-4-2/h6,9H,3-5H2,1-2H3

Upstream product

• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 617-48-1 malic acid 
• 110-16-7 maleic acid 
• 110-17-8 (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid 
• 108-56-5 diethyl oxaloacetate 
• 392-58-5 Diethyl fluoroxaloacetate 
• 141-05-9 Diethyl maleate 
• 3291-46-1 diethyl cis-2,3-epoxybutane-1,4-dioate 
• 3291-46-1 (2SR,3SR)-oxirane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester 
• 141-78-6 ethyl acetate 
• 25117-86-6 diazo-succinic acid diethyl ester 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 40876-98-0 sodium 1,4-diethoxy-1,4-dioxobut-2-en-2-olate 

Downstream Products

• 109451-49-2 phenylacetoxy-succinic acid diethyl ester 
• 7071-15-0 diethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)succinate 
• 123-25-1 succinic acid diethyl ester 
• 6641-30-1 Aepfelsaeure-dihydrazid 
• 17605-40-2 DL-Malic acid di-N-2-benzylhydrazide 
• 7209-04-3 diethyl chlorosuccinate 
• 27728-17-2 oxomalonic acid monoethyl ester 
• 59743-08-7 diethyl 2,3-dioxosuccinate 
• 144-62-7 oxalic acid 
• 623-91-6 diethyl Fumarate 
• 628-13-7 pyridine hydrochloride 
• 70523-39-6 diethyl O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]malate 
• 7209-04-3 D(+)-2-chlorosuccinate 
• 1443222-00-1 1-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-p-tolyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Retention Characteristics and Sorption Enthalpies of Esters of Natural Hydroxycarboxylic Acids on DB-1 Stationary Phase

Abstract: Sorption characteristics and retention of esters of glycolic, lactic, malic, and tartaric acids with C1?C8 alcohols of linear structure are studied by gas-liquid chromatography in the temperature range of 90?260°C on DB-1 nonpolar phase. The values of the retention indices of the compounds studied are obtained. On the basis of experimentally determined retention times, the thermodynamic characteristics of sorption under the conditions of limiting dilution are estimated. The dependences of the change in sorption enthalpies on the length of the linear alkyl substituent and on the value of the logarithmic retention index are found. The possibility of estimating the energy of intermolecular interactions of lactic acid esters in the liquid phase is shown on the basis of the obtained values of sorption enthalpies and vaporization enthalpies.

Method of selectively catalytically oxidizing biomass-based furan compound

The invention discloses a method of selectively catalytically oxidizing a biomass-based furan compound. The method comprises the following step of: by taking a heteropolyacid functional ionic liquid as a catalyst and an alcohol solution as a reaction medium, obtaining dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylate in the conditions that the reaction temperature is 100-150 DEG C, the reaction time is 1-3h and the oxygen pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, wherein over 62.35% of difumarate selectivity is obtained. The single chemical yield and selectivity for oxidizing preparation of a biomass-based furan derivative are far higher than those of the prior art. The method has the remarkable advantage that an ionic liquid catalyst can be recovered and recycled by simply adjusting the temperature. The method disclosed by the invention is mild in reaction condition, green and safe in process and simple to operate, and can realize intermittent and continuous production.

Synthesis and antiischemic activity of dicarboxylic nitroxyalkylamides and nitroxyalkylimides

A number of dicarboxylic N-(2-nitroxyalkyl)amides and N-(2-nitroxyalkyl)imides were synthesized and their antiischemic activity was studied. The ratio of the areas of necrotic and ischemic zones was used as a criterion for evaluation of antiischemic activity. The maximum values were close to antiischemic activity of Nicorandil, with acute toxicity of compounds synthesized being considerably lower.

ALCOHOL-MEDIATED ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH CARBONATES

A process for making esters from organic acids by means of reacting a carboxylic acid with dialkylcarbonate in an alcohol-containing solvent without any extrinsic acid or base catalyst is described. A benefit of the preparation process is that it can make the separation and extraction of ester products simpler and more facile vis-a-vis conventional isolation techniques.

Highly chemoselective esterification reactions and Boc/THP/TBDMS discriminating deprotections under samarium(III) catalysis

The usefulness of SmCl3 as an excellent catalyst for chemoselective esterifications and selective removal of acid sensitive protecting groups such as Boc, THP, and TBDMS in the presence of one another is demonstrated through suitable examples.

Environmentally benign metal-free decarboxylative aldol and Mannich reactions

Aiming at the development of green and efficient C-C bond formations (aldol and Mannich reactions), the decarboxylative nucleophilic addition of malonic acid half ester to imines or aldehydes under mild metal-free conditions was studied. A careful control of the temperature and the appropriate choice of the organic base allowed us to obtain β-amino esters or β-hydroxy esters including α-substituted and α,α-disubstituted ones in moderate to excellent yields. 1H NMR monitoring of the reaction unveiled two distinct mechanisms depending on the hemimalonate used. With the unsubstituted substrate, a carboxylic acid intermediate was isolated upon acid quench resulting from the nucleophilic addition of the putative enol carboxylate anion of the hemimalonate to imines/aldehydes before CO2 loss. With substituted hemimalonates, the reaction likely involved an enolate which then added to imines/aldehydes or was competitively protonated. According to the base used, the reaction can be carried out either under solvent free-conditions or in an ionic liquid under mild conditions.

Boric acid catalyzed chemoselective esterification of α- hydroxycarboxylic acids

Boric acid catalyzes the selective esterification of α- hydroxycarboxylic acids without causing significant esterification to occur with other carboxylic acids. The procedure is simple, high-yielding, and applicable to the esterification of α-hydroxy carboxylates in the presence of other carboxylic acids including β-hydroxyacids within the same molecule.

Microwave assisted catalytic protection and deprotection of alcohols with 3,4-dihydro-2h-pyran

Protection of alcohols as their 2-tetrahydropyranyl ethers and their subsequent hydrolysis can be easily achieved through a microwave irradiated reaction catalysed by iodine.

Trans-esterification in dry media using ferric perchlorate adsorbed on silica gel

Adsorption of Fe(ClO4)3(H2O)6 onto chromatographic grade silica gel in the presence of ethyl acetate (to be used for trans-esterification) produces a supported reagent, Fe(ClO4)3(EtOAc)6/SiO2. This reagent, has been found effective for the rapid and high yield of esters via trans- esterification on grinding in the presence of alcohols/carboxylic acids using pestle and mortar in the solid state.

Esterification in dry media using ferric perchlorate adsorbed on silica gel

Adsorption of Fe(ClO4)3(H2O)6 onto chromatographic grade silica gel in the presence of alcohol ( to be used for esterification ) produces a supported reagent, Fe(ClO4)3(ROH)6/SiO2. This reagent, has been found effective for the rapid and high yield of esters, on grinding in the presence of carboxylic acids using pestle and mortar in the solid state.