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7681-93-8 Usage

Description

Pimaricin, also known as natamycin, is a naturally occurring macrolide polyene antifungal agent produced through the fermentation of the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis. It is characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring with a number of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds and has a low solubility in water. Pimaricin exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity by binding specifically to ergosterol in the cell membranes of fungi, disrupting the cell membrane and increasing cell permeability, ultimately leading to cell death.

Uses

Used in Medical Field:
Pimaricin is used as an antifungal agent for the treatment of various fungal infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, and Penicillium. It is particularly used for the treatment of fungal keratitis, a type of eye infection.
Used in Food Industry Cheese Preservation:
Pimaricin is used as a natural preservative for surface treatment of cheeses, such as hard cheese and salamitype sausages, to prevent fungal outgrowth. It is tasteless, odorless, colorless, and does not penetrate the cheese, thus not affecting the ripening and flavor improvement process. It can be applied by spraying, dipping, or incorporating it into cheese coatings.
Used in Food Industry Surface Applications:
Pimaricin is used for surface applications on various food products to prevent fungal growth. It is effective against almost all foodborne yeasts and molds but has no effect on bacteria or viruses.
Used in Agriculture Disease Control:
Pimaricin is used for the control of diseases of bulbs, such as those caused by fungal infections.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry Analgesic and Antimigraine:
Pimaricin has been reported to have potential uses as an analgesic and antimigraine agent, although further research may be required to fully understand its applications in this field.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natamycin https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00826

References

1) te Welscher?et al. (2008), Natamycin blocks fungal growth by binding specifically to ergosterol without permeabilizing the membrane; J. Biol. Chem.,?283?6393 2) te Welscheri?et al. (2012),?Polyene antibiotic that inhibits membrane transport proteins; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.,?109?11156 3) te Welscher?et al. (2010),?Natamycin inhibits vacuole fusion at the priming phase via a specific interaction with ergosterol; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,?54?2618

Originator

Pimafucine,Beytout,France,1964

Manufacturing Process

The Fermentation Process: The process by which this antifungal substance is produced is an aerobic fermentation of an aqueous nutrient medium The Fermentation Process: The process by which this antifungal substance is produced is an aerobic fermentation of an aqueous nutrient medium.In more detail the nutrient medium used may contain sources of carbon such as starch, hydrolyzed starch, sugars such as lactose, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, or sugar sources such as molasses; alcohols, such as glycerol and mannitol; organic acids, such as citric acid and acetic acid; and various natural products which may contain other nutrient materials in addition to carbonaceous substances.Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin; protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate; also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers' solubles; amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium; and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation.The so-called trace elements, such as boron, cobalt, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and still others may also be used to advantage. Generally, these trace elements occur in sufficient quantities in the carbonaceous and nitrogenous constituents of the medium, particularly if derived from natural sources, or in the tap water, and the addition of further quantities of these trace elements may consequently be unnecessary.The fermentation liquor is aerated in the customary manner by forcing sterile air through the fermenting mixture usually at the rate of about 1 volume of air per volume of fermentation medium per minute. To minimize contamination with foreign microorganisms, the fermentation vessels should be closed and a pressure of 2 to 15 pounds above atmospheric pressure maintained in the vessel. In addition to the agitation provided by aeration, mechanical agitation is generally desirable. Antifoaming agents, such as 1% octadecanol in lard oil, may be added from time to time as required to prevent excessive foaming. Fermentation is conducted at a temperature preferably on the order of 26°C to 30°C but may be as low as 17°C or as high as 42°C.The time required for maximum production of the antifungal substance will vary considerably depending upon other conditions of the fermentation. Generally, about 48 hours is required before appreciable quantities of the antifungal substance are detected in the medium. The production of the antifungal substance increases with time, and the fermentation may run as long as 120 hours. The hydrogen ion conditions normally vary from about pH 6 to pH 8.0, although deviations from these values are permissible, according to British Patent 846,933. The reader is referred to the patents cited for detals of pimaricin purification.

Therapeutic Function

Antibacterial (ophthalmic)

Biological Functions

Natamycin, also known as pimaracin, belongs to the polyene family of antibiotics; (a group of antifungal agents which target and bind to eukaryotic sterols and specifically ergosterol), and it is a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces natalensis . Very low levels (10–20 ppm) are needed to inhibit almost all yeasts and molds, while no amount of natamycin is sufficient to inhibit most bacteria, as they lack the sterol targeted by natamycin (some gram-positive types may be susceptible). Thus, natamycin may be used to retard the growth of fungi in meat products to which fermentative cultures are added, and is typically applied as a surface treatment (i.e., dip or spray). Resistant organisms are not typically encountered even though natamycin has been used as a food preservative for more than three decades. Unlike most bacteriocins, natamycin is toxic to eukaryotes. Acceptable daily intake of natamycin for humans is 0–0.3 mg/kg of body weight.

Antimicrobial activity

The spectrum of Natamycin's activity is somewhat narrower than that of amphotericin and nystatin, but at the same time, it is less toxic. It exhibits especially pronounced activity against a few strains of Fusarium and Cefalosporium. Natamycin is a drug for treating superficial fungal infections, and it is used only for ophthalmologic purposes. Synonyms of this drug are pimafucin, pimaricin, tennecetin, and others.

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Used as an antibacterial agent.

Synthesis

Natamycin, a mixture of stereoisomeric 22-[(3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-β-Dmannopyranosyl)oxy]-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxatricyclo[22.3.1.0.5,7]-octacosa-8,14,16,18,20,penten-25-carboxylic acid (35.1.3), like amphotericin and nystatin, is a polyene antibiotic that is isolated from the products of the vital activity of the actinomycete Streptomyces natalensis.

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Natamycin is a semisynthetic polyene antibiotic. Natamycin is poorly water-soluble and will not penetrate the intact corneal epithelium. Natamycin is the only antifungal agent approved for use on the eye and the only commercially available eye drug for treatment of fungal keratitis.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 7681-93-8 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,8 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7681-93:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*8)+(3*1)+(2*9)+(1*3)=128
128 % 10 = 8
So 7681-93-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C33H47NO13/c1-18-10-8-6-4-3-5-7-9-11-21(45-32-30(39)28(34)29(38)19(2)44-32)15-25-27(31(40)41)22(36)17-33(42,47-25)16-20(35)14-24-23(46-24)12-13-26(37)43-18/h3-9,11-13,18-25,27-30,32,35-36,38-39,42H,10,14-17,34H2,1-2H3,(H,40,41)/b4-3+,7-5+,8-6-,11-9+,13-12+/t18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,24-,25+,27-,28+,29-,30+,32?,33-/m1/s1

7681-93-8SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 17, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 17, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name natamycin

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names myprozine

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Food additives
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:7681-93-8 SDS

7681-93-8Synthetic route

sodium acetate
127-09-3

sodium acetate

A

AB-400
85496-13-5

AB-400

B

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Streptomyces sp. RGU5.3 Product distribution / selectivity; Microbiological reaction; Enzymatic reaction;
4,5-desepoxypimaricin

4,5-desepoxypimaricin

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With PimD; dihydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid at 25℃; for 0.5h; pH=7.5; aq. buffer; Enzymatic reaction;
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

phosphonic acid diethyl ester
762-04-9

phosphonic acid diethyl ester

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(diethoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(diethoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: phosphonic acid diethyl ester In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; Kabachnik-Fields Reaction;
85%
diphenyl hydrogen phosphite
4712-55-4

diphenyl hydrogen phosphite

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(diphenoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(diphenoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: diphenyl hydrogen phosphite In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; Kabachnik-Fields Reaction;
83%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

Dimethyl phosphite
868-85-9

Dimethyl phosphite

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(dimethoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(dimethoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 3h; Kabachnik-Fields Reaction;
Stage #2: Dimethyl phosphite In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃;
82%
dibutyl hydrogen phosphite
1809-19-4

dibutyl hydrogen phosphite

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(dibutoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

3'-N-[(4-bromophenyl)(dibutoxyphosphinoyl)methyl]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: dibutyl hydrogen phosphite In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; Kabachnik-Fields Reaction;
81%
bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonate
3663-52-3

bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonate

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

3'-N-{[bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phosphinoyl](4-bromophenyl)methyl}pimaricin

3'-N-{[bis(trimethylsilyloxy)phosphinoyl](4-bromophenyl)methyl}pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃; Kabachnik-Fields Reaction;
80%
C37H34BF3N4O2

C37H34BF3N4O2

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

C70H80BF2N5O15

C70H80BF2N5O15

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 40℃;80%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-fluorobenzaldehyde
459-57-4

4-fluorobenzaldehyde

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-fluorobenzyl)pimaricin
1108187-85-4

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-fluorobenzyl)pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-fluorobenzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
75%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-methoxy-benzaldehyde
123-11-5

4-methoxy-benzaldehyde

N-[(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-methoxybenzyl)]pimaricin
1108187-81-0

N-[(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-methoxybenzyl)]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
71%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-chlorobenzaldehyde
104-88-1

4-chlorobenzaldehyde

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-chlorobenzyl)pimaricin
1108187-86-5

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-chlorobenzyl)pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
70%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-bromo-benzaldehyde
1122-91-4

4-bromo-benzaldehyde

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-bromobenzyl)pimaricin
1108187-87-6

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-bromobenzyl)pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-bromo-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
70%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde
100-10-7

4-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde

N-[α-hydrophosphoryl-4-(dimethylamino)benzyl]pimaricin
1108187-84-3

N-[α-hydrophosphoryl-4-(dimethylamino)benzyl]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
69%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
123-08-0

4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-hydroxybenzyl)pimaricin
1108187-80-9

N-(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-hydroxybenzyl)pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
67%
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

4-nitrobenzaldehdye
555-16-8

4-nitrobenzaldehdye

N-[(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-nitrobenzyl)]pimaricin
1108187-82-1

N-[(α-hydrophosphoryl-4-nitrobenzyl)]pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: natamycin; 4-nitrobenzaldehdye With triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide at 40℃; for 3h;
Stage #2: With hypophosphorous acid In dimethyl sulfoxide at 30 - 35℃; Further stages.;
62%
4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione
4233-33-4

4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

C41H52N4O15

C41H52N4O15

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (1S)-10-camphorsulfonic acid In 1,4-dioxane at 20℃; for 3h; Diels-Alder reaction; regioselective reaction;52%
iodomethyl pivaloate
53064-79-2

iodomethyl pivaloate

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

natamycin methyl pivalate
1112350-04-5

natamycin methyl pivalate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;12.8%
Stage #1: natamycin With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at -5℃; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: iodomethyl pivaloate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1h;
12.8%
methanol
67-56-1

methanol

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

methyl D-mycosamide hydrochloride

methyl D-mycosamide hydrochloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride 0.5 h; 2 h, reflux then RT, overnight; Yield given;
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

3-(N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)amino)propionaldehyde
267410-86-6

3-(N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)amino)propionaldehyde

22-(4-{bis-[3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-propyl]-amino}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxa-tricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid

22-(4-{bis-[3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-propyl]-amino}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-1,3,26-trihydroxy-12-methyl-10-oxo-6,11,28-trioxa-tricyclo[22.3.1.05,7]octacosa-8,14,16,18,20-pentaene-25-carboxylic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride; sodium cyanoborohydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h;
With hydrogenchloride; water; sodium cyanoborohydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h;
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

AB-400
85496-13-5

AB-400

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Streptomyces diastaticus var. 108; plasmid pSM784; introduced in (S. diastaticus var. 108/784); cell-free extract of Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction; Microbiological reaction;
With Streptomyces sp. RGU5.3; cell-free extract of Product distribution / selectivity; Enzymatic reaction; Microbiological reaction;
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

N,N-di-(3-aminopropyl)-Pimaricin

N,N-di-(3-aminopropyl)-Pimaricin

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: NaBH3CN; HCl / dimethylformamide / 16 h / 20 °C
2: 22 percent / piperidine / dimethylsulfoxide / 2 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

C49H58N2O14

C49H58N2O14

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: pyridine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 12 h / 20 °C
2: camphor-10-sulfonic acid / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C
3: diphenyl phosphoryl azide; triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 50 °C
View Scheme
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

NatMU

NatMU

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: pyridine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 12 h / 20 °C
2: camphor-10-sulfonic acid / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C
3: diphenyl phosphoryl azide; triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 50 °C
4: tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / 20 °C
View Scheme
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

NatAU

NatAU

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: pyridine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 12 h / 20 °C
2: camphor-10-sulfonic acid / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C
3: diphenyl phosphoryl azide; triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 3 h / 50 °C
4: tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / 50 °C
View Scheme
natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

C49H59NO15

C49H59NO15

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: pyridine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; methanol / 12 h / 20 °C
2: camphor-10-sulfonic acid / methanol; tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 °C
View Scheme
N-(9H-fluoren-2-ylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide
82911-69-1

N-(9H-fluoren-2-ylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide

natamycin
7681-93-8

natamycin

C48H57NO15

C48H57NO15

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine In methanol; N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 12h;

7681-93-8Upstream product

7681-93-8Relevant articles and documents

Structure of cytochrome P450 PimD suggests epoxidation of the polyene macrolide pimaricin occurs via a hydroperoxoferric intermediate

Kells, Petrea M.,Ouellet, Hugues,Santos-Aberturas, Javier,Aparicio, Jesus F.,Podust, Larissa M.

, p. 841 - 851 (2010)

We present the X-ray structure of PimD, both substrate-free and in complex with 4,5-desepoxypimaricin. PimD is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase with native epoxidase activity that is critical in the biosynthesis of the polyene macrolide antibiotic pimaricin. Intervention in this secondary metabolic pathway could advance the development of drugs with improved pharmacologic properties. Epoxidation by P450 typically includes formation of a charge-transfer complex between an oxoferryl π-cation radical species (Compound I) and the olefin π-bond as the initial intermediate. Catalytic and structural evidence presented here suggest that epoxidation of 4,5-desepoxypimaricin proceeds via a hydroperoxoferric intermediate (Compound 0). The oxygen atom of Compound 0 distal to the heme iron may insert into the double bond of the substrate to make an epoxide ring. Stereoelectronic features of the putative transition state suggest substrate-assisted proton delivery.

POLYENE ANTIBIOTICS, COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAID ANTIBIOTICS, METHOD AND MICRO-ORGANISMS USED TO OBTAIN SAME AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

-

Page/Page column 5; 24; 29, (2008/06/13)

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyenes having formula (I), wherein: R1 represents alkyl C1-C3; and R2 represents a functional group selected from CH3- or CONH2- (methyl- or primary amide-). The aforementioned polyenes have a biocide action on organisms comprising cell membranes that contain ergosterol, e.g., fungi or parasites. Said compounds can be obtained using a method that consists in cultivating a producing micro-organism under conditions that enable the production thereof. In addition, the invention also relates to a mechanism for the in vitro production of amidated polyenes, consisting in incubating carboxylated polyenes with cell-free extracts (or proteinaceous fractions) of the producers of same in the presence of ATP/Mg++ and an amide-group donor compound (preferably glutamine).

Pyrazolyl benzyl ether derivatives containing a fluoromethoxyimino group and use thereof as pesticides

-

, (2008/06/13)

The invention relates to novel pyrazolyl benzyl ethers, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling harmful organisms.

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