95-57-8

Usage

Uses

Used in Pesticide Production:
o-Chlorophenol is used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various pesticides, contributing to the development of agricultural chemicals that protect crops from pests and diseases.
Used in Disinfectant Formulation:
o-Chlorophenol serves as an active ingredient in disinfectants, playing a crucial role in sanitizing surfaces and equipment to prevent the spread of infections and maintain hygiene.
Used in Preservative Creation:
o-Chlorophenol is utilized as a preservative in different products to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life, ensuring the longevity and safety of various consumer goods.
Used in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing:
o-Chlorophenol is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, where it may contribute to the synthesis of drugs or serve as a component in medication formulations.
Used as an Industrial Byproduct:
o-Chlorophenol is also a byproduct of several industrial processes, such as the production of chlorinated solvents and wood preservatives, highlighting its presence in various chemical manufacturing pathways.
Given the hazardous nature of o-Chlorophenol, it is essential to handle, store, and dispose of it with care to prevent environmental contamination and minimize human exposure.

Upstream product

• 95-55-6 2-amino-phenol 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 624-85-1 ethyl hypochlorite 
• 108-95-2 phenol 
• 36942-09-3 N,N-dichlorourea 
• 578-57-4 2-bromoanisole 
• 766-51-8 2-Chloroanisole 
• 17849-38-6 2-Chlorobenzyl alcohol 
• 951-92-8 1-methoxyl-4-(phenylsulfinyl)benzene 
• 65109-75-3 N-(phenoxy)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide 
• 98-95-3 nitrobenzene 
• 97608-47-4 2-chloro(chlorodifluoromethoxy) benzene 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 614-61-9 (2-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid 

Downstream Products

• 15480-00-9 2-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethanol 
• 87059-84-5 2-chloro-6-(N-morpholinyl)methylphenol 
• 1231-32-9 5,5-bis-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one 
• 3964-58-7 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 
• 7170-45-8 3-(2-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid 
• 47087-55-8 bis(2-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid 
• 81-54-9 1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone 
• 72-48-0 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione 
• 35414-46-1 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid 
• 105909-35-1 (5-bromo-pentyl)-(2-chloro-phenyl)-ether 
• 98557-15-4 2-chlorophenyl 2,2-dichloroacetate 
• 121973-31-7 dichlorophosphoryl-carbamic acid-(2-chloro-phenyl ester) 
• 2420-16-8 4-hydroxy-3-chlorobenzaldehyde 
• 15560-52-8 1-chloro-2-(hexyloxy)benzene 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Pd supported on boron-doped mesoporous carbon as highly active catalyst for liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Palladium catalysts supported on both ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) and boron-doped mesoporous carbon (B-CMK-3) were synthesized via the complexing-reduction method. These catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and their catalytic performance was examined for the liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Characterization results showed that for B-CMK-3 boron was introduced into the framework of the mesoporous carbon. Pd supported on B-CMK-3 had a smaller average Pd particle size and higher Pd 2+/Pd0 ratio than that on CMK-3, although B-CMK-3 had slightly lower surface area and pore volume than CMK-3. For Pd/B-CMK-3, increasing Pd loading led to an increase in Pd particle size and a decrease in Pd2+/Pd0 ratio. The liquid phase catalytic HDC of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Pd/B-CMK-3 followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and the catalytic reaction proceeded in both stepwise and concerted pathways. The initial reaction rates of Pd(2.7)/B-CMK-3 and Pd(2.6)/CMK-3 were 0.608 and 0.207 M gCat-1 h-1, respectively, reflecting a much higher catalytic activity of Pd/B-CMK-3 than that of Pd/CMK-3. For Pd/B-CMK-3, increasing Pd loading from 1.6 to 2.7 wt.% led to an increase in the initial rate from 0.260 to 0.608 M gCat-1 h-1, but further increase of the loading to 3.9 wt.% resulted in a slight decrease in the catalytic activity.

Kinetic study of the gas-phase reactions of chlorine atoms with 2-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, and four methyl-2-nitrophenol isomers

Anthropogenic activities are the main source of nitrophenols and chlorophenols in the atmosphere. Nitro and chlorophenols have a high potential to form ozone and secondary organic aerosol, thus investigations on the major photo oxidation pathways of these compounds are important to assess their contribution to urban air pollution and human health. Presented here are rate coefficients determined at atmospheric pressure and (298 ± 2) K using a relative kinetic method for the reactions of chlorine atoms with 2-chlorophenol (2ClP), 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and four methyl-2-nitrophenol (2-nitrocresol, nM2NP (n = 3,4,5,6)) isomers. The following rate coefficients (in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1) have been obtained: (5.9 ± 1.5) × 10-12 for 2ClP, (6.8 ± 2.3) × 10-12 for 2NP, and (14.0 ± 4.9) × 10-11, (4.3 ± 1.5) × 10-11, (1.94 ± 0.67) × 10-11 and (2.68 ± 0.75) × 10-11 for the four methyl-2-nitrophenol isomers 3M2NP, 4M2NP, 5M2NP, and 6M2NP, respectively. This study represents the first kinetic investigation for the reaction of chlorine atoms with all the nitrophenols. In addition, to assist in the interpretation of the results, rate coefficients for the reactions of Cl atoms with the cresol ortho, meta, and para isomers have been determined for the first time. The rate coefficient for the reaction with 2ClP is in good agreement with previous data and the relative reactivity of 2NP, 4M2NP, 5M2NP, and 6M2NP can be rationalized based on known substituent effects. The rate coefficient for 3M2NP is anomalously large; the observation of significant NO2 production in only this reaction suggests that an ipso substitution mechanism is the cause of the enhanced reactivity.

Enhanced catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Pd catalysts supported on nitrogen-doped graphene

Pd catalysts supported on graphene and N-doped graphene (GN-1, GN-2 and GN-3) with varied N-doping amounts were prepared using the deposition-precipitation method, and liquid phase catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated over these catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elementary analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization results showed that graphene could be successfully doped by N using the heat treatment method with melamine as precursor, and N doping amounts were determined to be 5.7, 8.6 and 11.3% for GN-1, GN-2 and GN-3, respectively. Additionally, Pd2+/Pd0 ratios and Pd dispersions in the Pd/GN catalysts were much higher than those in Pd/graphene. For a similar Pd loading, the Pd dispersion of Pd/GN first increased and then decreased with the increase of N-doping amount, and the highest Pd dispersion was observed on Pd(2.9)/GN-2. Accordingly, GN supported Pd catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activities than Pd/graphene, the catalytic reaction first increased and then decreased slightly in activity with the increase of nitrogen doping amount, and the highest activity was identified on Pd(2.9)/GN-2. Moreover, the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP over supported Pd catalysts proceeded via both a stepwise and concerted pathway, and the concerted pathway became predominant upon N doping.

Photochemical transformations of 2, 6-dichlorophenol and 2-chlorophenol with superoxide ions in the atmospheric aqueous phase

The possible photochemical transformation pathways of chlorophenols (2, 6-dichlorophenol and 2-chlorophenol) with superoxide anion radical (O2·?) were studied by steady-state irradiation and 355 nm laser flash photolysis technique. O

Imidazolium-urea low transition temperature mixtures for the UHP-promoted oxidation of boron compounds

Different carboxy-functionalized imidazolium salts have been considered as components of low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) in combination with urea. Among them, a novel LTTM based on 1-(methoxycarbonyl)methyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and urea has been prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry throughout its entire composition range. This LTTM has been employed for the oxidation of boron reagents using urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) as the oxidizer, thus avoiding the use of aqueous H2O2, which is dangerous to handle. This metal-free protocol affords the corresponding alcohols in good to quantitative yields in up to 5 mmol scale without the need of further purification. The broad composition range of the LTTM allows for the reaction to be carried out up to three consecutive times with a single imidazolium salt loading offering remarkable sustainability with an E-factor of 7.9, which can be reduced to 3.2 by the threefold reuse of the system.

A mild desilylation of phenolic tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers using in situ generated tetraethylammonium superoxide

Desilylation of phenolic tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers has been achieved under the mild reaction conditions of in situ generated tetraethylammonium superoxide, at room temperature. (Figure presented.).

Light-Induced Efficient Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by Quinolinium and Polyoxovanadate-Based Supramolecular Catalysts

Direct Hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with high yield and selectivity has been the goal of phenol industrial production. Photocatalysis can serve as a competitive method to realize the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol owing to its cost-effective and environmental friendliness, however it is still a forbidding challenge to obtain good yield, high selectivity and high atom availability meanwhile. Here we show a series of supramolecular catalysts based on alkoxohexavanadate anions and quinolinium ions for the photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol under UV irradiation. We demonstrate that polyoxoalkoxovanadates can serve as efficient catalysts which can not only stabilize quinolinium radicals but also reuse H2O2 produced by quinolinium ions under light irradiation to obtain excellent synergistic effect, including competitive good yield (50.1 %), high selectivity (>99 %) and high atom availability.

Tuning the redox potential of Ag?Ag2O/WO3 and Ag?Ag2S/WO3 photocatalysts toward diclofenac oxidation and nitrophenol reduction

WO3 nanoplates modified with either Ag2O or Ag2S nano-architectures were synthesized by a deposition-hydrothermal route (180 °C for 5 h). They were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, N2 sorptiometry, Transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photo-catalytic (λ > 420 nm, 160 W) degradation of Diclofenac (DCF; 60 mg/l), was achieved using H2O2 (1 × 10?4 M) with either Ag?Ag2O/WO3 (K = 32.0 × 10-3 min-1) or Ag?Ag2S/WO3 (K = 7.3 × 10-3 min-1) catalysts. In the case of DCF degradation using radical scavengers, [rad]O2? played a key role in the degradation process whilst [rad]OH and holes acted moderately minor roles. The possible DCF degradation paths and intermediates were assessed by LC–MS. Both Ag?Ag2O/WO3 and Ag?Ag2S/WO3 catalysts were used in the photo-reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP; 1.8 × 10?4 M) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with rate constants equal 8.3 x 10?3 min-1 and 1.6 x 10?3 min?1, respectively.

Me3SI-promoted chemoselective deacetylation: a general and mild protocol

A Me3SI-mediated simple and efficient protocol for the chemoselective deprotection of acetyl groups has been developedviaemploying KMnO4as an additive. This chemoselective deacetylation is amenable to a wide range of substrates, tolerating diverse and sensitive functional groups in carbohydrates, amino acids, natural products, heterocycles, and general scaffolds. The protocol is attractive because it uses an environmentally benign reagent system to perform quantitative and clean transformations under ambient conditions.

Non-Innocent Role of the Ceria Support in Pd-Catalyzed Halophenol Hydrodehalogenation

The hydrodehalogenation (HDH) of halophenols is efficiently catalyzed by palladium supported on high-surface ceria (Pd/CeO2) under mild conditions (35 °C, 1 atm H2). A combination of NMR, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS studies and HDH kinetics of substituted halobenzenes suggests that the reaction proceeds mainly via a sequence of dissociative adsorption of phenolic hydroxyl onto the support, oxidative addition of the C-halogen bond to Pd, and reductive elimination to give phenol and hydrogen halide. The dissociative adsorption of the -OH group onto oxygen vacancies of the ceria support results in an electron-rich intermediate that facilitates the turnover-limiting reductive elimination step. In contrast, the direct pathway catalyzed by Pd without dissociative adsorption of the reactants on the support takes place at a slower rate. The mechanistic insights gained in this study were used to modify the reaction conditions for enabling HDH of recalcitrant halides such as fluorides and iodides.