A comparison of the physical chemistry and oily soil detergency properties of primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates

Add time:07/28/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

The phase behaviour, surface chemistry and detergency properties of a range of secondary alcohol ethoxylates (s-C12EOm) based on 6-dodecanol have been compared to the properties of a similar range of 1-dodecanol (primary) derivatives (p-C12EOm). The object was to determine how the position of head group substitution and the head group size influence these properties. The secondary compounds are more prone to form lamellar and reversed mesophases rather than cubic (I1) and hexagonal phases. Also, because of the reduction in maximum chain length, the tendency for mesophases to form at all is reduced. All of the phase behaviour is consistent with alkyl chain packing constraint concepts and known clouding mechanisms. Like the primary materials, the detergency of the secondary surfactants shows a maximum as a function of increasing EO size. This occurs at m = ∼7 compared to m = 5 for the primary compounds. There is a good correlation between the oily soil detergency and the oilwater interfacial tensions, which show minima of ∼0.5 mN m−1 at m = 4 and 6 for the p- and s-derivatives, respectively. Critical micelle concentrations are higher for the s-derivatives by a factor of ∼3–5, but the surface tensions above this are generally lower for the s-derivatives.

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