Luminescence of ferrocene-modified pyrene derivatives for turn-on sensing of Cu2 + and anions

Add time:08/13/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

Detection and identification of metal ions by fluorescent turn-on sensors are challenging due to the quenching effect of most of the tested metal ions. In the present work, three ferrocene-modified pyrene-based probes 2–4 were synthesized to act as turn-on fluorescent sensors for Cu2 +. The measurements of fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime reveal that ferrocenyl unit can efficiently reduce the fluorescence emission of pyrene moiety. Steady-state fluorescence measurements find that the three ferrocene-modified fluorophores exhibit selective turn-on responses to Cu2 +. Moreover, this turn-on effect to Cu2 + is highly influenced by the type of the counter ion. It is found that the presence of Cl− or NO3− could realize the turn-on response to Cu2 +, whereas, the presence of SO42 − or Ac− could not induce any fluorescence enhancement to Cu2 +. Control experiments with ferrocene-free pyrene-based probe 1 reveal that the ferrocenyl unit plays the key role in the turn-on response to Cu2 +. The possible mechanism for the turn-on responses is attributed to the oxidation behavior of Cu2 + to the ferrocene unit, which is confirmed by the control experiments with sodium ascorbate. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that Cu2 + can influence the redox behaviors of ferrocenyl derivatives, which is also highly dependent on the anion of the copper salts. The influence of anion on the turn-on responses to Cu2 + was further used for anion detection and fluorescent logic gate.

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