Design of periodic mesoporous sulfonic acid and titanium bi-functionalized alkyl-bridged organosilica hybrid catalysts for efficient synthesis of ethyl levulinate

Add time:07/19/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

A series of periodic mesoporous propylsulfonic/arenesulfonic acid and titanium bi-functionalized ethyl/phenyl-bridged organosilica hybrid catalysts, Pr/ArSO3H-Si(Et/Ph)Si-Ti, with controllable Ti loadings are prepared by a nonionic surfactant-templated sol–gel co-condensation route under acidic media and carefully adjusted silicon-to-titanium molar ratios in the initial preparation systems. As-prepared hybrid catalysts with both Brønsted and Lewis acid natures, excellent porosity properties and surface hydrophobicity exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of ethyl levulinate, a promising fuel blend, from the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol, and the esterification activity is closely related to Ti loading or SO3H group-to-Ti molar ratio as well as the structures of the incorporated sulfonic acid groups and bridging organic units. Additionally, the catalysts can be reused for three times without any activity loss, attributing to covalent bonding the organosulfonic acid groups and Ti(IV) species with the silica/carbon framework.

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