Chapter 8 - Amino Acids and Nitrogen Compounds
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Add time:09/02/2019 Source:sciencedirect.com
The body relies on the regular intake of large amounts of amino acids, which are mostly chained together in peptides and proteins. Many of the different amino acids in foods can be converted into other amino acids. A few others, the essential amino acids, have to be consumed in sufficient amounts because they cannot be produced from other amino acids.A large number of transporters mediate the absorption of amino acids from digested food. An extensive network of metabolic pathways operates on the newly absorbed amino acids starting in the enterocytes of the small intestine and continuing throughout the body after a first pass through the liver. Amino acids serve as the starting material for many thousands of specific proteins and other compounds. The retention and utilization of amino acids is extremely efficient due to highly complex mechanisms in the intestines and kidneys; very little is lost by most healthy people.Humans can tolerate many days of no or low intake of amino acid sources. However, severe and ultimately deadly health consequences are unavoidable with prolonged amino acid (protein) deficiency, even when all other nutrients are available.
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