Chapter 39 - Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids

Add time:09/07/2019    Source:sciencedirect.com

Pyrethrins are the insecticidal compounds obtained from the flowers of the plant Tanacetum cinerariaefolium, also called Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium or Pyrethrum cinerariaefolium. Pyrethroids are synthetic analogs of pyrethrins. Pyrethrins cause hyperexcitability with very little cytotoxicity. The molecular targets of the pyrethrins and pyrethroids are similar in mammals and insects and include voltage-gated sodium, chloride, and calcium channels, GABA-gated chloride channels, nicotinic receptors, membrane depolarization, and intercellular gap junctions. Mammals are less susceptible to pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicoses than insects primarily because they have a faster metabolic clearance, higher body temperatures and a lower affinity for the pyrethrins/pyrethroids. Once absorbed, the pyrethroids are rapidly distributed due to their lipophilicity. Systemic distribution produces effects that can be difficult to control and may be confused with poisoning by other pesticides, such as organophosphates, which also cause increased salivation and hyperexcitability. Cats are very sensitive to pyrethroid exposure.

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