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Atropine sulfate anhydrous

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Name

Atropine sulfate anhydrous

EINECS 200-235-0
CAS No. 55-48-1 Density 1.1172 (rough estimate)
PSA 182.52000 LogP 4.16560
Solubility N/A Melting Point 189-192 °C (A)(lit.)
Formula 2(C17H23NO3).H2SO4 Boiling Point 806.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 387.454 Flash Point 441.7 °C
Transport Information UN 1544 6.1/PG 2 Appearance White crystalline powder
Safety 23-45 Risk Codes 26/28
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 55-48-1 (Atropine sulfate) Hazard Symbols VeryT+
Synonyms

atropinsal;Atropina Solfato;atropin sulfate;davurtrop;atropine sulphate;lio-atropin;Tropintran;atropette;atropisal;Atropinsulfat;eyesule;Ryuato;corbella;

Article Data 4

Atropine sulfate anhydrous History

 Mandragora (mandrake) was described by Theophrastus in the fourth century B.C. for treatment of gout, wounds, and sleeplessness, and as a love potion. By the first century A.D. Dioscorides recognized wine of mandrake as an anaesthetic for treatment of pain or sleeplessness, to be given prior to surgery or cautery. Atropine sulfate anhydrous extracts from the Egyptian henbane were used by Cleopatra in the last century B.C. to dilate her pupils, in the hope that she would appear more alluring. In the Renaissance, women used the juice of the berries of Atropa belladonna to enlarge the pupils of their eyes, for cosmetic reasons; "bella donna" is Italian for "beautiful lady". The mydriatic effects of atropine were studied among others by the German chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge (1795–1867). In 1831, the pharmacist Mein succeeded the pure crystalline isolation of atropine. In 1901, the substance was first synthesized by German chemist Richard Willstätter. Atropinic shock therapy is an old and rarely-used method. Atropinic shock treatment is considered safe with careful monitoring and preparation, but it entails prolonged coma and it has many unpleasant side-effects, such as blurred vision.

Atropine sulfate anhydrous Specification

Atropine sulfate anhydrous(CAS NO.55-48-1) is also named as 1-alpha-H,5-alpha-H-Tropan-3-alpha-ol (+-)-tropate (ester), sulfate (2:1) salt; AI3-14072; Atropen; Atropette; Atropin siran; Atropin siran [Czech]; Atropine sulfate; Atropine sulfate (VAN); Atropine sulphate; Atropine sulphate (VAN); Atropine, sulfate (2:1); Atropinium sulfate; Atropisol; Corbella. Atropine sulfate is a tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade, jimsonweed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects and is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.  Atropine sulfate anhydrous can be synthesized by the reaction of tropine with tropic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid.Atropine is a racemic mixture of D-hyoscyamine and L-hyoscyamine, with most of its physiological effects due to L-hyoscyamine. Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It is an antimuscarinic agent. Atropine sulfate anhydrous is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils.

Physical properties about Atropine sulfate anhydrous are: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.528; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.55; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -0.94; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00; (8)#H bond acceptors: 4; (9)#H bond donors: 1; (10)Flash Point: 213.7 °C; (11)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 72.22 kJ/mol; (12)Boiling Point: 429.8 °C at 760 mmHg; (13)Vapour Pressure: 3.76E-08 mmHg at 25°C

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/2C17H23NO3.H2O4S/c2*1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4);
(2)InChIKey=HOBWAPHTEJGALG-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
(3)SmilesS(O)(O)(=O)=O.C1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2N([C@@H]1CC2)C)OC([C@@H](c1ccccc1)CO)=O.C1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C)OC([C@@H](c1ccccc1)CO)=O;

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
bird - wild LDLo oral 226mg/kg (226mg/kg)   Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
bird - wild LDLo subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg)   Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
cat LD50 intravenous 36mg/kg (36mg/kg)   Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 35, Pg. 316, 1936.
cat LDLo subcutaneous 30mg/kg (30mg/kg)   "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
chicken LDLo subcutaneous 750mg/kg (750mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE
Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
child TDLo oral 20ug/kg (.02mg/kg) KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: URINE VOLUME DECREASED

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT

CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol. 54, Pg. 222, 1979.
dog LD50 intravenous 60mg/kg (60mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER (DIRECT) PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 424, 1967.
dog LDLo intraperitoneal 175mg/kg (175mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
dog LDLo subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
duck LDLo subcutaneous 250mg/kg (250mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
frog LDLo subcutaneous 1200mg/kg (1200mg/kg)   "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
guinea pig LD50 subcutaneous 480mg/kg (480mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: PARASYMPATHOLYTIC Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 137, Pg. 375, 1962.
guinea pig LDLo intraarterial 90mg/kg (90mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 400mg/kg (400mg/kg)   Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
guinea pig LDLo intravenous 70mg/kg (70mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
human TDLo intramuscular 28ug/kg (.028mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP
Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 8, Pg. 635, 1956.
man LDLo oral 357mg/kg (357mg/kg) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
Hochudoku. Vol. 10, Pg. 184, 1992.
man TDLo intravenous 28ug/kg/11H-I (.028mg/kg)   American Journal of Diseases of Children. Vol. 137, Pg. 291, 1983.
man TDLo unreported 14285ng/kg (.014285mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"

BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 29, Pg. 273, 1991.
monkey LDLo subcutaneous 150mg/kg (150mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 150mg/kg (150mg/kg)   Journal of the American Chemical Society. Vol. 79, Pg. 4451, 1957.
mouse LD50 intravenous 31mg/kg (31mg/kg)   Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 16, Pg. 637, 1966.
mouse LD50 oral 468mg/kg (468mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: PARASYMPATHOLYTIC Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 156, Pg. 467, 1965.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 400mg/kg (400mg/kg)   Therapie. Vol. 12, Pg. 412, 1957.
pigeon LDLo subcutaneous 210mg/kg (210mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Biochemische Zeitschrift. Vol. 66, Pg. 389, 1914.
rabbit LD50 intramuscular 414mg/kg (414mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 85, Pg. 1241, 1961.
rabbit LD50 intraperitoneal 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER (DIRECT) PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 424, 1967.
rabbit LD50 intravenous 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER (DIRECT) PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 424, 1967.
rabbit LDLo intracrebral 1mg/kg (1mg/kg)   Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 81, Pg. 193, 1917.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 132, Pg. 63, 1928.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 215mg/kg (215mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 511, 1967.
rat LD50 intravenous 37mg/kg (37mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 511, 1967.
rat LD50 oral 600mg/kg (600mg/kg)   Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 155, Pg. 393, 1965.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 540mg/kg (540mg/kg)   Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 155, Pg. 393, 1965.
women TDLo multiple routes 44ug/kg/1D-I (.044mg/kg) CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION)

BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"
Archives of Internal Medicine. Vol. 146, Pg. 45, 1986.
women TDLo ocular 20ug/kg/4H-I (.02mg/kg) CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) Archives of Internal Medicine. Vol. 146, Pg. 45, 1986.

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