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Camphor

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Name

Camphor

EINECS 200-945-0
CAS No. 76-22-2 Density 0.982 g/cm3
PSA 17.07000 LogP 2.40170
Solubility 0.12 g/100 mL (25 °C) in water Melting Point 179 °C
Formula C10H16O Boiling Point 207.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 152.236 Flash Point 64.4 °C
Transport Information UN 2717 4.1/PG 3 Appearance Colourless solid
Safety 16-26-37/39 Risk Codes 11-22-36/37/38-20/21/22
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 76-22-2 (2-Bornanone) Hazard Symbols FlammableF, HarmfulXn, IrritantXi
Synonyms

1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone;1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one;2-Bornanone;Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-;2-Kamfanon;1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor;2-Camphanone;Bornane, 2-oxo-;DL-Camphor;Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-;DL-Bornan-2-one;(+-)-Camphor;

Article Data 196

Camphor Synthetic route

6627-72-1

rac-endo-borneol

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; chromium tetra(tert-butoxide) In benzene at 20℃; for 24h;100%
With peracetic acid; 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol cyclic Cr(VI) ester In tetrachloromethane; dichloromethane at 0℃; for 12h;99%
With dimethyl sulfoxide; triethylamine; trichloromethyl chloroformate In dichloromethane92%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical; 3-[4'-(diacetoxyiodo)phenoxy]-1-propyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 12h;99%
With aluminum oxide; sodium bromite In dichloromethane for 24h; Ambient temperature;98%
With phosphomolybdic acid; oxygen; tetrabutylammonium acetate; palladium diacetate In toluene at 100℃; under 22502.3 Torr; for 16h; Solvent; Time;96%
With 1-methyl-1H-imidazole; tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate; 4,4'-Dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridin; 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl; oxygen In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 1h;77%
With sodium dichromate; sulfuric acid for 3h; Heating;55.6%
24393-70-2

isoborneol

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With bis-trimethylsilanyl peroxide; dipyridinium dichromate In dichloromethane for 0.5h;98%
With dihydrogen peroxide; methyltrioctylammonium tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto)phosphate In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene at 90℃; for 0.75h;95%
With oxalyl dichloride; C4F9CH2CH2S(O)CH3 In dichloromethane at -30℃; Swern oxidation;94%
6787-91-3

camphor ethanedithioketal

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium iodide; dihydrogen peroxide; acetic acid In water at 20℃; for 1h;95%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetraethylammonium bromate In ethanol for 3h; Heating;92%
With potassium permanganate; silica gel In water at 20℃; for 0.5h;80%
18674-50-5

camphor oxime

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dibromamine-B In tetrachloromethane at 20 - 25℃; for 0.333333h;90%
With N-iodo-succinimide; water In acetone for 0.05h; Microwave irradiation;87%
With water; oxygen In acetonitrile at 60℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 6h; Autoclave; Green chemistry;83%
With Oxone; silica gel In water; acetic acid at 25℃; for 24h;57%
18529-99-2, 75524-60-6

1-bornenyl acetate

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; dichloro bis(acetonitrile) palladium(II) In isopropyl alcohol at 80℃; for 24h;87%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydrogen telluride In ethyl acetate for 1h; Ambient temperature;78%
76-29-9

3-exo-Bromocamphor

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; zinc In acetonitrile at 80℃; for 11h; Inert atmosphere; Sealed tube;76%
With Methyltrichlorosilane; sodium iodide In acetonitrile for 18h; Heating;60%

1,7,7-trimethyl-2-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

76-22-2

Camphor

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 1,7,7-trimethyl-2-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane With potassium hydride In 1,4-dioxane at 10℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: With chloro-trimethyl-silane In 1,4-dioxane for 15h; Nef reaction; Heating; Further stages.;
62%

Camphor History

In the 9th century, the Arab chemist, Al-Kindi, provided the earliest recipe for the production of camphor in his Kitab Kimiya' al-'Itr.
Already in the 19th century, it was known that with nitric acid, camphor could be oxidized into camphoric acid. Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of camphor from camphoric acid, which, although demonstrating its structure, would not prove it. In 1903,the first complete total synthesis for camphoric acid was published by Gustaf Komppa. 
In 1907, Komppa began industrial production of camphor in Tainionkoski, Finland.

Camphor Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 2 mg/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 3 ppm; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: 2 ppm (13 mg/m3)
DOT Classification:  4.2; Label: Flammable Solid

Camphor Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Ketones II (desorption in 99:1 CS2:methanol) 1301.

Camphor Specification

The Camphor with CAS registry number of 76-22-2 is also known as Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-. The IUPAC name is 4,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one. It belongs to product categories of Fine Chemical & Intermediates; Miscellaneous Natural Products; Ketone; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Biochemistry; Camphor, etc. (Plasticizer); Functional Materials; Plasticizer; Terpenes. Its EINECS registry number is 200-945-0. In addition, the formula is C10H16O and the molecular weight is 152.23. This chemical is a colourless solid and should be stored in cool and dry place.

Physical properties about Camphor are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.13; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.13; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.13; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 24.39; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 24.39; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 342.47; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 342.47; (8)#H bond acceptors: 1; (9)Index of Refraction: 1.485; (10)Molar Refractivity: 44.39 cm3; (11)Molar Volume: 154.8 cm3; (12)Surface Tension: 31.5 dyne/cm; (13)Density: 0.982 g/cm3; (14)Flash Point: 64.4 °C; (15)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 44.37 kJ/mol; (16)Boiling Point: 207.4 °C at 760 mmHg; (17)Vapour Pressure: 0.225 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Camphor: it is prepared by reaction of Turpentine. Camphene is obtained by the isomerization after pinene extraction. Then product is obtained by esterification, hydrolysis and dehydrogenation of camphen.

Uses of Camphor: it is used as chemical-based raw material and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is used to produce camphor-trimethylsilyl-enolether by reaction with chloro-trimethyl-silane. The reaction occurs with reagents NaI, triethylamine and solvents acetonitrile, pentane at ambient temperature for 96 hoursfor  hours. The yield is about 59%.

Camphor is used to produce camphor-trimethylsilyl-enolether by reaction with chloro-trimethyl-silane.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it. As a chemical, it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. It is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. What's more, it is highly flammable. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection. Keep away from sources of ignition. If contact with eyes accidently, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Canonical SMILES: CC1(C2CCC1(C(=O)C2)C)C
2. InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
3. InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo intraperitoneal 400mg/kg (400mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
child LDLo unreported 100mg/kg (100mg/kg)   Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. Vol. 31, Pg. 1499, 1980.
child TDLo oral 51mg/kg (51mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 7, Pg. 41, 1989.
dog LDLo oral 800mg/kg (800mg/kg)   "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
frog LDLo subcutaneous 240mg/kg (240mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 50, Pg. 199, 1903.
infant LDLo oral 70mg/kg (70mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS
American Journal of Pathology. Vol. 30, Pg. 857, 1954.
man LDLo unreported 29mg/kg (29mg/kg)   "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
mouse LCLo inhalation 400mg/m3/3H (400mg/m3) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 22(11), Pg. 83, 1957.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY

BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
American Journal of Pathology. Vol. 30, Pg. 857, 1954.
mouse LD50 oral 1310mg/kg (1310mg/kg)   Shika Gakuho. Journal of Dentistry. Vol. 75, Pg. 934, 1975.
mouse LDLo subcutaneous 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT "Pharmakologische Prufung von Analgetika, Dissertation," Herrlen, G., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Tubingen, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1933Vol. -, Pg. -, 1933.
rabbit LDLo oral 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)

BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY
American Journal of Pathology. Vol. 30, Pg. 857, 1954.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 70mg/kg (70mg/kg)   "Ueber die Pharmakologische Wirkung eines dem Pentamethylentetrazol Vol. -, Pg. -, 1934.
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 900mg/kg (900mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 275, 1939.

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