Camphor

In the 9th century, the Arab chemist, Al-Kindi, provided the earliest recipe for the production of camphor in his Kitab Kimiya' al-'Itr.
Already in the 19th century, it was known that with nitric acid, camphor could be oxidized into camphoric acid. Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of camphor from camphoric acid, which, although demonstrating its structure, would not prove it. In 1903,the first complete total synthesis for camphoric acid was published by Gustaf Komppa. 
In 1907, Komppa began industrial production of camphor in Tainionkoski, Finland.

OSHA PEL: TWA 2 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 3 ppm; Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DFG MAK: 2 ppm (13 mg/m³)
DOT Classification:  4.2; Label: Flammable Solid

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Ketones II (desorption in 99:1 CS₂:methanol) 1301.

The Camphor with CAS registry number of 76-22-2 is also known as Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-. The IUPAC name is 4,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one. It belongs to product categories of Fine Chemical & Intermediates; Miscellaneous Natural Products; Ketone; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Biochemistry; Camphor, etc. (Plasticizer); Functional Materials; Plasticizer; Terpenes. Its EINECS registry number is 200-945-0. In addition, the formula is C₁₀H₁₆O and the molecular weight is 152.23. This chemical is a colourless solid and should be stored in cool and dry place.

Physical properties about Camphor are: (1)ACD/LogP: 2.13; (2)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.13; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.13; (4)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 24.39; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 24.39; (6)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 342.47; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 342.47; (8)#H bond acceptors: 1; (9)Index of Refraction: 1.485; (10)Molar Refractivity: 44.39 cm³; (11)Molar Volume: 154.8 cm³; (12)Surface Tension: 31.5 dyne/cm; (13)Density: 0.982 g/cm³; (14)Flash Point: 64.4 °C; (15)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 44.37 kJ/mol; (16)Boiling Point: 207.4 °C at 760 mmHg; (17)Vapour Pressure: 0.225 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Camphor: it is prepared by reaction of Turpentine. Camphene is obtained by the isomerization after pinene extraction. Then product is obtained by esterification, hydrolysis and dehydrogenation of camphen.

Uses of Camphor: it is used as chemical-based raw material and pharmaceutical intermediate. It is used to produce camphor-trimethylsilyl-enolether by reaction with chloro-trimethyl-silane. The reaction occurs with reagents NaI, triethylamine and solvents acetonitrile, pentane at ambient temperature for 96 hoursfor  hours. The yield is about 59%.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it. As a chemical, it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. It is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. What's more, it is highly flammable. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection. Keep away from sources of ignition. If contact with eyes accidently, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Canonical SMILES: CC1(C2CCC1(C(=O)C2)C)C
2. InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
3. InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: