Silicon

 Silicon was first identified by Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 (as a component of the Latin silex, silicis for flint, flints), and was later mistaken by Humphry Davy in 1800 for a compound. In 1811 Gay-Lussac and Thénard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon through the heating of potassium with silicon tetrafluoride. In 1824, Berzelius, generally given creditwhere for discovering the element silicon, prepared amorphous silicon using approximately the same method as Lussac. Berzelius also purified the product by repeatedly washing it.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

OSHA PEL: TWA Total Dust: 10 mg/m³ of total; Respirable Fraction: 5 mg/m³
ACGIH TLV: TWA (nuisance particulate) 10 mg/m³ of total dust (when toxic impurities are not present, e.g., quartz <1%)
DOT Classification:  4.1; Label: Flammable Solid

The IUPAC name of Silicon is silicon. With the CAS registry number 7440-21-3, it is also named as Polyeristalline silicon powder. The product's categories are Inorganics; Silicon Nanomaterials; 14: Si; Nanoparticles: Metals and Metal AlloysMetal and Ceramic Science; Nanopowders and Nanoparticle Dispersions; Pure ElementsMetal and Ceramic Science; Electronic Chemicals; Materials Science; Micro / Nanoelectronics, and the other registry numbers are 152284-21-4; 157383-37-4; 160371-18-6; 17375-03-0; 71536-23-7; 72516-01-9; 72516-02-0; 72516-03-1; 90337-93-2. Besides, it is grey lustrous solid or grey powder, which should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated warehouse away from fire and heat source. It is stable and incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, carbonates, alkali metals, lead and aluminium oxides, halogens, carbides, formic acid. In addition, its molecular formula is Si and molecular weight is 28.08.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)Exact Mass: 27.976927; (2)MonoIsotopic Mass: 27.976927; (3)EINECS: 231-130-8; (4)Density: 2.33 g/cm³; (5)Melting point: 1410 °C; (6)Boiling point: 2355 °C; (7)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 15.08 kJ/mol; (8)Vapour Pressure: 54300 mmHg at 25 °C.

Preparation of Silicon: this chemical is commercially prepared by the reaction of high-purity silica with wood, charcoal, and coal, in an electric arc furnace using carbon electrodes.This reaction will occur at temperature of 1900 °C. The chemical equations is as follows:
SiO₂ + C → Si + CO₂
SiO₂ + 2 C → Si + 2 CO
The yield is at least 98 % pure.

Uses of Silicon: this chemical is mainly used for the manufacture of aluminium-silicon alloys to produce cast parts in the automotive industry. It is also used in the semiconductor industry, electronics and photovoltaic applications to produce ultra-pure silicon wafers. Similarly, it can be used in waterproofing treatments, molding compounds and mold-release agents, mechanical seals, high temperature greases and waxes, caulking compounds and even in applications as diverse as breast implants, contact lenses, explosives and pyrotechnics.

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it is highly flammable. Please keep container tightly closed in a well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition. And in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Moreover, you should wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. And please take precautionary measures against static discharges. Additionally, in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)SMILES: [SiH4]
(2)InChI: InChI=1/Si
(3)InChIKey: XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYAB
(4)Std. InChI: InChI=1S/Si
(5)Std. InChIKey: XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows: