Reference

Compositions for machine washing of dishes

Compositions for machine washing of dishes. Scotte, Pierre (Societe Chimique des Charbonnages S. A., Fr.). Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 132184 A1 23 Jan 1985, 9 pp. DESIGNATED STATES: R: AT, BE, CH, DE, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE. (French). (European Patent Organization). CODEN: EPXXDW. CLASS: ICM: C11D003-48. ICS: C11D003-395; C11D003-37. APPLICATION: EP 84-401373 28 Jun 1984. PRIORITY: FR 83-11426 8 Jul 1983. DOCUMENT TYPE: Patent CA Section: 46 (Surface Active Agents and Detergents) The title compns. contain trichloroisocyanuric acid (I) [87-90-1] which is encapsulated with polyethylene (II) [9002-88-4] wax to inhibit loss of active Cl during storage. Thus, I was agitated at 50° and sprayed with 1.4% II wax m. <70°. The II-coated I was mixed (2 parts) with Na5P3O10 50, Na2SiO3 50, and nonionic surfactant 2 parts to prep. a detergent compn. The compn. retained 56% of the active Cl during 80 days of storage at 42° and 85% relative humidity in a closed plastic bag, compared with 10% for I contg. no II coating.

Detoxification rates of chlorinated solutions as determined by the half-life of biological activity with Daphnia magna

Detoxification rates of chlorinated solutions as determined by the half-life of biological activity with Daphnia magna. Doherty, Francis G. (Betz Lab., Inc., Trevose, PA 19047, USA). Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 4(1), 97-105 (English) 1985. CODEN: ETOCDK. ISSN: 0730-7268. DOCUMENT TYPE: Journal CA Section: 61 (Water) Data are presented that discourage the use of total residual Cl (TRC) and free residual Cl (FRC) levels in setting water quality criteria for Cl and chlorinated carrier mols. Repetitive static acute toxicity tests for aging solns. of chlorinated complexes with Daphnia magna permit generation of biol. half-lives for direct comparison with anal. derived concns. of TRC and FRC. The results indicate a strong similarity in the decline of toxic effects on D. magna and TRC for an aging soln. of 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydrantoin (I) [118-52-5], although no such similarity exists between these 2 measures for aging solns. of Cl and trichloro-s-triazinetrione (II) [87-90-1]. Repetitive toxicity tests with aging I generated toxic decay curves with coeffs. of detn. (t2) exceeding 73% while exhibiting a min. decay rate of -0.10. TRC data for I exhibited an t2 of 93% and a decay rate of -0.07. The t2 values for the Cl series ranged 15-60% for the toxic effects decay curve, as compared with 76% for anal. derived data. The II t2 values for these same parameters were 23-64 and 84%, resp. Both Cl and II presented definable, consistent decreases in TRC levels over the course of the studies, while the obsd. biol. effects oscillated widely from test to test within a series. These results demonstrate that the std. reported parameters of TRC and FRC are inadequate for setting effluent limitations on chlorinated discharges because they are inconsistent in measuring the toxic constituents of these solns.