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Name	Acetone cyanohydrin	EINECS	200-909-4
CAS No.	75-86-5	Density	0.932
PSA	44.02000	LogP	0.28088
Solubility	miscible	Melting Point	-19ºC
Formula	C4H7NO	Boiling Point	82ºC
Molecular Weight	85.1057	Flash Point	73 ºC
Transport Information	UN 1541	Appearance	yellowish liquid
Safety		Risk Codes	R26/27/28;R50
Molecular Structure		Hazard Symbols
Synonyms	Lactonitrile,2-methyl- (6CI,8CI);2-Cyano-2-hydroxypropane;2-Cyano-2-propanol;2-Hydroxy-2-cyanopropane;2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile;2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropionitrile;2-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile;2-Methyl-2-hydroxypropionitrile;2-Methyllactonitrile;2-Propanone,cyanohydrin;Acetone cyanohydrin;Dimethyl ketone cyanohydrin;NSC 131093;NSC7080;NSC 977;a-Hydroxyisobutyronitrile;	Article Data	63

Acetone cyanohydrin Synthetic route

: potassium cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With acetic acid In water at 30℃; Microreactor technology; Continuous flow system;	99%
With sodium metabisulfite In water at 20℃; for 0.5h;
Stage #1: acetone With sodium hydrogen sulfite In water at 0℃; for 1h; Stage #2: potassium cyanide In water for 14h;

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide; sulfuric acid; sodium cyanide In water at 10℃; for 1.5h; pH=7.3;	95%
With pyridine
With quinoline

: 19355-69-2
2-amino-2-cyanopropane

A: 18992-13-7
2-cyano-2-nitropropane

B: 40561-27-1
1-cyano-1-methylethylnitrate

C: 58102-56-0
tris-(1-cyano-1-methyl-ethyl)-hydroxylamine

D: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With perchloric acid; sodium nitrite at 25℃; Product distribution; var. α-aminonitriles; other conditions, also radical scavengers;	A 47.4% B 0.4% C 13.9% D 37.3%

: 773837-37-9
sodium cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid In water at 20℃;	29%

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum oxide at 150 - 300℃; Beim Leiten von Aceton-Dampf im den Gemisch;
With dipotassium hydrogenphosphate; kieselguhr at 60℃; Beim Leiten von Aceton-Dampf im den Gemisch;

: 151-50-8
potassium cyanide

: 540-92-1
acetone sodium bisulfite

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

: 67-56-1
methanol

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃; Kinetics; Verlauf der Reaktion; auch in anderen Loesungsmitteln;
at 20℃; Rate constant; und in anderen Loesungsmitteln;

: 60-29-7
diethyl ether

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 143-33-9
sodium cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

: 74-90-8
hydrogen cyanide

: 151-50-8
potassium cyanide

: 67-64-1
acetone

: 75-86-5
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

Acetone cyanohydrin Chemical Properties

2-METHYLLACTONITRILE's Molecular formula: C₄H₇NO
2-METHYLLACTONITRILE's Molar mass: 85.1
EINECS: 200-909-4
melting point: -19 °C
flash point: 147 °F
boiling point: 82 °C 23 mm Hg
density: 0.932 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0.3 psi ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.399
Water Solubility: miscible
other names: Acetone cyanohydrin

Acetone cyanohydrin Uses

Acetone cyanohydrin is an intermediate in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate.

Acetone cyanohydrin Production

Acetone cyanohydrin is manufactured by the direct reaction of hydrogen cyanide with acetone catalyzed by base, generally In a continuous process.
CH₃COCH₃ + HCN → CH₃C(OH . CN)CH₃

Acetone cyanohydrin Toxicity Data With Reference

1.	orl-rat LD50:19,300 µg/kg	GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. 58 (1)(1993),28.
2.	ihl-rat LCLo:63 ppm/4H	AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 23 (1962),95.
3.	scu-rat LDLo:8500 µg/kg	BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 19 (1962),283.
4.	orl-mus LD50:14 mg/kg	28ZPAK Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku Marhold, J.V.,Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha,Czechoslovakia.: 1972,161.
5.	ihl-mus LCLo:500 mg/m3/2H	IGIBA5 Igiena. 11 (1962),27.
6.	ipr-mus LD50:1 mg/kg	NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) (Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific and Technical Information) No. AD277-689 .
7.	orl-rbt LD50:13,500 µg/kg	NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) (Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific and Technical Information) No. PB214-270 .
8.	skn-rbt LD50:17 mg/kg	AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. 23 (1962),95.
9.	unr-rat TDLo:242 mg/kg/26W-I	GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. 31 (6)(1966),8.
10.

Acetone cyanohydrin Consensus Reports

Cyanide and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List.

Acetone cyanohydrin Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, skin contact, inhalation, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Readily decomposes to HCN and acetone. Keep cool and do not store for long periods. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use CO₂, dry chemical, alcohol foam. Vigorous reaction with H₂SO₄. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CN⁻. See also NITRILES, HYDROCYANIC ACID, and ACETONE.

Acetone cyanohydrin Standards and Recommendations

ACGIH TLV: CL 4.7 ppm (skin)
NIOSH REL: (Nitriles) CL 4 mg/m³/15M
DOT Classification: 6.1; Label: Poison

Acetone cyanohydrin Analytical Methods

For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Acetone Cyanohydrin, 2506.