10025-69-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Stannous chloride dihydrate
• Synonyms: TIN(II) CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE FOR ANALYSIS (MAX. 0.000001% HG) EMSURE;TIN(II) CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE FOR ANALYSIS EMSURE ACS,ISO,REAG. PH EUR;Stannous chloride dihydrate≥ 99.5% (Assay);Stannous Chloride, Dihydrate, For ACS analysis;Tin(Ii) Chloride Dihydrate, Reag. Ph. Eur. reag. ISO;Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, p.a.;Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, For analysis ACS;SALT OF TIN
• CAS NO: 10025-69-1
• Molecular Formula: Cl₂H₄O₂Sn
• Molecular Weight: 225.65
• EINECS: 231-868-0
• Product Categories: metal halide
• Mol File: 10025-69-1.mol
• Article Data: 1

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 37-38 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 652 °C(lit.)
• Appearance: White or colorless/Solid
• Density: 2.71
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Solubility: hydrochloric acid: passes test
• Water Solubility: 1187 g/L (20 ºC)
• Sensitive: Air Sensitive
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, ammonia, alcohols, alkalies, nitrates, boron trifluoride, boro
• Merck: 14,8783
• CAS DataBase Reference: Stannous chloride dihydrate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Stannous chloride dihydrate(10025-69-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Stannous chloride dihydrate(10025-69-1)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: C,N
• Statements: 22-34-68-50/53-48/22-43-20-63
• Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61-60
• RIDADR: UN 3260 8/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: XP8850000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 8
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 10025-69-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical properties

It appears as colorless or white monoclinic crystal, being soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone and glacial acetic acid.

Solubility in water

Solubility in 100 ml of water:84 g/0 ° C

Identification test

Use a dilute hydrochloric acid test solution (TS-117) to prepare a 5% sample solution. Add drop wise of the mercuric chloride test solution (TS-138) to produce a white or off-white precipitate. The result of the chloride test (IT-12) of the 5% sample solution was positive.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 10025-69-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. (1) It can be used as a reducing agent, mordant, bleaching agent and for tin plating in the electroplating industry. (2) Stannous chloride dihydrate can be used for the colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic and molybdenum, being also be used as a reducing agent and mordant (3) This product is mainly used in acidic tin plating as major salt. Tin is in bivalent in the bath with high efficiency cathode. The general usage amount is 40~60 kg/L. It can also be used for glass mirror industry, as silver nitrate sensitizer to enable excellent coating brightness. Addition of the plating layer of this product during the ABS electroplating is not easy to fall off. (4) Stannous chloride dihydrate can be used as the reducing agents in the manufacture of dyestuff intermediates. It can act as the components of super high pressure lubricating oil. It can be used as a bleaching agent for the sensitization of the mercury-plating during the manufacturing of mirror, enables excellent brightness of the formed silver film so that the combination of mercury and products is quite firm. Electroplating industry applied it for the tin-plating, copper-tin plating of the mechanical parts. During the ABS plastic plating, it is used for sensitization so that the coating is not easy to fall off. It can also be used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, as the catalyst in organic synthesis and the activator of the butyl rubber vulcanization. It can also be used as the mordant and the anti-dyeing agent in printing discharge process. It can be used as the stabilizers for perfumery industry, as food reductant and antioxidants used for canned asparagus, pineapple juice. (5) It can be used as analysis reagents and reducing agent. It can also be used as the reductant for the production of dye intermediates; it can also be used for electroplating; as brightening agent during galvanized silver plating and plastic plate plating; as perfume stabilizer, bleach, stabilizing soap aroma; oil anti-fouling agent; raw material for organic synthesis; the raw material of herbicide Oxadiazon. (6) It is a kind of strong reducing agent. It can be used for the determination of hydride via AAS; colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic and molybdenum; determination of serum inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity, molybdenum blue method for the determination of soil and plant phosphorus content; the catalyst of the organic reaction. (7) As a strong reducing agent, it is used for carbonyl allylation reaction; as the Lewis acid catalyst in a C-C bond reaction; the catalyst for the co-acting with AgClO4 for the synthesis of α-glycosides, the synthesis of such olefins, diolefins, cis-vinyl ethylene oxide and allyl selenide and de-oxidation of internal peroxides; used for the protection of carboxylic acids in the presence of 1,3-dithianes and selective methoxybenzyl ether scavenging reagents; the additives in hydroformylation and carbonylation reactions.
2. Stannous chloride is used as a sensitizing agent in preparing glass and plastic for metalizing. It serves as a potent reducing agent. Other uses of stannous chloride are tin electroplating baths, corrosion inhibitors, polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, soldering flux, antioxidant, tanning agent and pharmaceuticals.
3. Powerful reducing agent, particularly in manufacture of dyes and 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals; in tinning by galvanic methods; in liquor finishing of wire; in sensitizing of glass and plastics before metallizing; as soldering flux; as mordant in dyeing with cochineal; in manufacture of tin chemicals, color pigments, pharmaceuticals, sensitized paper, lubricating oil additives; as tanning agent; in removing ink stains; in yeast revivers; as reagent in analytical chemistry; as catalyst in organic reactions.
4. Tin(II) chloride dehydrate may be used:As a reducing agent for the determination of hydride forming species by AAS.In the conversion of organomercurials into inorganic mercury determined using a flow injection-cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometryIn the determination of total mercury content, using atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and mercury speciation was performed using gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS).

Content analysis

Accurately weigh about 2 g of sample and place it into a 250 ml volumetric flask. Add 15 l hydrochloric acid to solve it and use water to se the final volume, mix uniformly. Take 50 mL of this solution to place in a 500ml flask, add 5g potassium sodium tartrate and mix uniformly. Apply the cold saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate to adjust to alkaline (with litmus paper) and immediately titrate with 0.1mol/L iodine solution and take starch test solution (TS-235) as the indicator. Every mL of 0.1 mol/L iodine solution corresponds to 9.48 mg of stannous chloride (SnCl2) or 11.28 mg of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnC12.2H2O).

Toxicity

ADI 0~2mg/kg (FAO/WHO, 2001); Irritating to skin; Toxic, allowable content of air: 2mg/m. (In terms of Sn); GRAS (FDA, § 184.1845, 2000); LD50: 700 mg/kg (rat, oral); During the production process of making Tin flower, we should avoid inhalation of tin dust, so as to avoid suffering from chronic bronchitis. The contact of stannous chloride solution with the skin can cause eczema. The maximum allowable concentration of the inorganic compound of tin in the United States is 2 mg/m3 (calculated based on metal tin). The production personnel should wear overalls, wear protective masks and gloves and other labor insurance products, paying attention to the protection of respiratory organs, protect the skin. The production equipment should be closed and the workshop should be well ventilated.

Usage limit

FDA/WHO(1984, mg/kg): canned asparagus 25 (only used for glass bottles of painted cans of canned asparagus, calculated based on Sn); pineapple juice 8 that merely preserved by physical methods (for reconstituted fruit juices, fruit juice prepared from frozen concentrated juice). FDA, §172.180 (2000): canned asparagus color protection, 20mg/kg (Sn). FDA, § 184.1845 (2000): various foods, 0.0015% (in Sn).

Production method

Tin can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid to derive. Hydrochloric acid method: first melt the metal tin, and then pour into cold water to enable to the formation of the tin flower. Hydrochloric acid and tin flower are further added at a certain proportion into the reactors for reaction until the solution concentration of 40 ° Bé or so. It is further put into the enamel evaporator for concentration. First of all, add tin flower to the evaporator; through steam heating, have hydrochloric acid to further react with tin. When the solution concentration is increased to 73~77 ° Bé, filter while hot and then cool for crystallization and perform centrifugal separation to obtain the finished product of Tin. its Sn + 2HCl → SnC12 + H2 ↑

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 10025-69-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. White solid
2. Stannous chloride is a white crystalline solid.

Physical properties

White orthogonal crystal; density 3.90 g/cm3; melts at 247°C; vaporizes at 623°C; vapor pressure 1 torr at 316°C, 5 torr at 366°C and 20 torr at 420°C; soluble in water, ethanol, acetone and ether; insoluble in xylene and mineral spirits.

Definition

ChEBI: A hydrate that is tin dichloride (anh.) combined with 2 mol eq. of water.

General Description

Crystals of SnCl2.2H2O exhibit monoclinic crystal system and space group P21/c.

Potential Exposure

Stannous chloride is used as a dye, pigment, and printing ink; in making chemicals; chemical preservatives; food additives; polymers, textiles, glass, silvering mirrors.

Shipping

UN3260 Corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required.

Incompatibilities

A strong reducing agent. Reacts violently with oxidants. Reacts violently with bromine trifluoride; potassium, hydrazine hydrate, sodium, sodium peroxide; ethylene oxide; and nitrates. Keep away from moisture, sources of oxygen, and combustible materials.

InChI:InChI=1/ClH.2H2O.Sn/h1H;2*1H2;/q;;;+4/p-1

Synthetic route

tin(IV) chloride (7646-78-8) → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In water byproducts: SnO, HCl; formation with SnO at effect of H2 at 270°C and 110 at on aq. SnCl4-soln. for 3.5 h;; evaporation of the HCl-satd. soln.;;	75%

water (7732-18-5) + tin(ll) chloride → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In water formation at dissolving of SnCl2 in H2O; obtaining at evaporation of the soln.;;
In hydrogenchloride pptn. at cooling down of a 80% SnCl2-soln. in aq. HCl;;
In hydrogenchloride pptn. at cooling down of a 80% SnCl2-soln. in aq. HCl;;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + tin (7440-31-5) → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride formation at dissolving of Sn in concd. HCl-soln.;;
In hydrogenchloride formation at effect of HCl on granulated Sn and evaporation of the cond. Sn-salt-soln. in Sn-pans with granulated Sn;;

tin (7440-31-5) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In not given formation at direct chlorination of granulated Sn with Cl2 in an app. of Cu and rustless steel; reduction of the formed SnCl4-soln. with metallic Sn at 90-100°C under stirring;; crystallisation and centrifugation at 15-20°C;;

dichloro(acetylacetone)tin(II) dihydrate → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol soln. of SnHacacCl2*2H2O in ethanol evapd. and residue dried at 333 K; elem. anal.;
In neat (no solvent) compd. decompd. at 510-563 K; detn. by XRD;

(x)Cl2Sn*(x)H2O → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen Electrochem. Process; under H2;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + tin → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride no formation at dissolving of pure α-Sn (99.997 %) in concd. HCl (37 %) at -17°C;;	0%

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + tin → tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride formation at dissolving of pure β-Sn (99.997 %) in concd. HCl (37 %) at -17°C; crystallisation at 20°C;;

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + ((CN(C6H4))C(C4H2N)C(C4H2NH)((C6H4)OCH3))2 → SnCl2((CN(C6H4))C(C4H2N)C(C4H2N)((C6H4)OCH3))2 (1233863-52-9)

Conditions	Yield
react. SnCl2*2H2O and ligand in pyridine;	100%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin (110452-48-7) → C60H60Cl2N4Sn

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine for 3h; Reflux;	100%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + Rh7(3-)*16CO={Rh7(CO)16}(3-) → [Rh12(μ12-Sn)(CO)27](4-) + [Rh12(μ10-Sn)(CO)23(μ-Cl)2](4-)

Conditions	Yield
In not given (N2);	A 99% B 99%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 2(CH3)(C6H5)3P(1+)*PtCl4(2-) = [(CH3)(C6H5)3P]2[PtCl4] → methyltriphenylphosphonium cis-dichlorobis(trichlorostannato)platinate(II)

Conditions	Yield
In acetone mixt. of Pt complex and SnCl2*2H2O covered with acetone, stood for 2 h at room temp.; soln. filtered, CCl4 added, recrystd. from MeOH; elem. anal.;	99%

8-quinolinol (148-24-3) + tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) → bis(8-hydroxyquinolinate)tin(II) (12148-41-3)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol N2-atmosphere; pptn. on dropwise addn. of SnCl2 to ligand (room temp., stirring); washing (EtOH, water), drying (vac., 1 h);	99%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (149-30-4) → 2C7H4NS2(1-)*Sn(2+)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene Milling; Green chemistry;	99%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2(2)-(4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl)-2(1)H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrin → dichloro[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2(2)-(4-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl)-2(1)H-imidazo[4,5-b]porphyrinato]tin(IV)

Conditions

Yield

With air In N,N-dimethyl-formamide a soln. of a ligand (0.184 mmol) and Sn(II)-contg. compd. (2.43 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide was heated at reflux for 5 h; the mixt. was cooled, H2O was added; the mixt. was left overnight; then it was filtered, the filtrate extd. with CH2Cl2; the org. phase was sepd., washed with water, dried over anhyd. Na2SO4, filtered, evapd.; extn. was repeated was repeated once more;

95%

sodium pyrophosphate (124-43-6) + tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) → tin(II) pyrophosphate

Conditions	Yield
In water at 60℃; for 0.5h;	95%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + [5,5'10,10',15,15',20,20'-octakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4''H,8''H-1'',5''-methano[1'',5'']diazocino[2'',3''-b:6'',7''-b']bisporphyrinato]zinc(II) → dichloro[5,5'10,10',15,15',20,20'-octakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4''H,8''H-1'',5''-methano[1'',5'']diazocino[2'',3''-b:6'',7''-b']bisporphyrinato]tin(IV)zinc(II)

Conditions	Yield
With air In pyridine the mixt. of Sn(II)-contg. compd. (0.153 mmol) and Zn(II)-contg. compd. (0.163 mmol) in pyridine was heated at reflux for 3 h; water was added to ppt. the complex; it was collected by filtration and washed with water; the complex was dissolved in CH2Cl2 and dried over anhyd. Na2SO4, filtered and evapd.;	94%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + C29H31ClIrN4OPS → C29H31Cl3IrN4OPSSn

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane for 3h; Reflux; Schlenk technique;	94%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 5-(phenylazo)salicylaldehyde (27147-03-1) → (C6H5NNC6H3(OH)CHO)SnCl2*2H2O

Conditions	Yield
In acetone stirring a soln. of SnCl2 and ligand in acetone for 4 h, pptn.; filtn., washing with acetone, followed by hexane, drying in vacuo, elem. anal.;	93%

selenium (7782-49-2) + tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate + 1,5-diamino-3-azapentane (111-40-0) → [Co(diethylenetriamine)2]2Sn2Se6

Conditions	Yield
at 160℃; for 168h; High pressure; Autoclave;	93%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + L-phenylalanine (63-91-2) → C18H18N2O4Sn

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: L-phenylalanine With triethylamine In methanol at 60℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: tin(II) chloride dihdyrate In methanol at 60℃; for 5.5h; Inert atmosphere;	92.68%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate + dimethyl sulfoxide (67-68-5) → [Co(dimethylsulfoxide)6][SnCl6] (947538-62-7)

Conditions	Yield
With (CH3)2C(OCH3)2 In dimethyl sulfoxide dissolution of SnCl2*2H2O and CoCl2*6H2O in DMSO, filtration, addn. of Me2C(OMe)2, heating under Ar at 100-120 °C for 3-4 h; cooling to room temp., addn. of ether, vacuum filtration, washing with ether, drying in vac., elem. anal.;	92%
With (CH3CNOH)2 In dimethyl sulfoxide elem. anal.;

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 2,3-naphthalenediol (92-44-4) → 2,3-NaphthalindioxyzinnII (1767-81-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In hydrogenchloride; water aq. solnn of SnCl2*2H2O contg. HCl is added with stirring in inert atm.to aq. 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene; 1 M KOH is added until a pH 2 is reached; filtration, washing with hot H2O, drying in vac. at 60°C; elem. anal.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + orotic acid sodium salt (154-85-8) → 2Sn(2+)*2Sn(4+)*12C4H3N2O2(COO)(1-)*2H2O={Sn2Sn2(H2N2C4HO2COO)12}*2H2O

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol; water addn. of SnCl2 in EtOH to stirred soln. of org. compd. in hot water, stirring (15 min, 60-70°C); filtration, washing (H2O, EtOH, Et2O), drying over silica (vac.); elem. anal.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + C19H9N4(C6F5)3(SO2OH)2 → Sn(C19H6N4(C6F5)3(SO2OH)2)Cl

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide mixt. heated to reflux for 30 min; solvent evapd.; CH2Cl2 added to the residue; filtered; solvent evapd.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 4,5-bis(benzoylthio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (68494-08-6) → 1.5(C2H5)4N(1+)*Sn(S5C3)2(1.5-)=[(C2H5)4N]1.5[Sn(S5C3)2]

Conditions	Yield
With cetylpyridinium halide; Na In methanol thione dissoln. in MeOH containing Na, stirring for 30 min at room temp., metal salt soln. addn., pptn. on tetraalkylammonium halide soln. addn.; ppt. filtration, washing (water, MeOH), vac. drying, recrystn. from acetone; elem. anal.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + 2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octaethylporphycene → trans-dichloro(2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octaethylporphycenato)tin(IV) (1192350-55-2)

Conditions	Yield
In decalin refluxing mixt. of tin compd. and porphycene deriv. in dry decalin at 200°C for 0.5 h under N2; cooling to room temp. in air, filtration, evapn. in vac., extn. (CHCl3),wshing with aq. HCl, drying with Na2SO4, evapn., recrystn. (CHCl3/benze ne), elem. anal.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + calix[4]arene-bis(β-octaalkylporphyrin) → calix[4]arene-bis(trans-dichloro-β-octaalkylporphyrinatotin(IV))

Conditions	Yield
In pyridine dissolving of (C20H4N4(CH3)4(C2H5)4(C6H5))2(CH2CH2O)5O(CH2C6H2CH2C6H3OCH3)2 in pyridine, addn. of 1.5-fold excess of SnCl2*2H2O, reflux for 8 h; cooling, filtration, vac. distn., recrystn. from a CH2Cl2-hexane (2:1) mixt.; elem. anal.;	92%

tin(II) chloride dihdyrate (10025-69-1) + (Z)-2-(9-benzyl-8,9-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-b]carbazol-6(1H,5H,7H)-ylidene) semicarbazone → [Sn((Z)-2-(9-benzyl-8,9-dihydropyrazolo[4,3-b]carbazol-6(1H,5H,7H)-ylidene) semicarbazone)2Cl2]*2H2O

Conditions	Yield
In methanol for 0.0666667h; Reflux; Microwave irradiation;	92%

Upstream product

• 7732-18-5 water 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 7646-78-8 tin(IV) chloride 
• 7440-31-5 tin 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 

Downstream Products

• 26334-85-0 dichloro(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)tin(IV) 
• 16834-09-6 tin(II) hydrophosphate 
• 84283-43-2 tetraphenylphosphonium trichlorostannate(II) 
• 60080-20-8 tin(IV) bis(acetylacetonate) dichloride 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 16248-90-1 {Sn((C₂H₅)2NCSS)2} 
• 20683-70-9 trans-(triphenylphosphine)2Pt(CO)Cl⁽¹⁺⁾ 
• 83719-70-4 trans-[PtCl(SnCl₃)2(P(C₆H₅)3)]^(1-) 
• 188638-75-7 dibenzoato-meso-tetra(4-methoxyphenylporphyrinato)tin(IV) 
• 831193-36-3 [(HNC(C₆H₅)CHC(C₆H₅)NH)SnCl] 
• 177413-19-3 tetramethylammonium tris(thiobenzoato-O,S)tin(II) 
• 847025-80-3 [Pt₂I₂(SnCl₂)(CO)2(PCy₃)2] 
• 135107-48-1 {IrCl(CO)SnCl(P(C₆H₅)2CH₂(N(CH₂)2O(CH₂)2O(CH₂)2N(CH₂P(C₆H₅)2)(CH₂)2O(CH₂)2O(CH₂)2))}⁽¹⁺⁾*SnCl₃^(1-)*CHCl₃ 

Relevant articles and documents

Film-forming capacity of Sn(II), Zr(IV), and Hf(IV) acetylacetonates

Zr(acac)4, Hf(acac)4, and SnHacacCl2·2H2O were prepared in the solid state and in enthanol solutions. The film-forming capacity and thermal stability of these compounds were studied. Films of ZrO2, Hf