111-61-5Relevant articles and documents
Smith,Stirton
, p. 405 (1967)
Lipase-catalyzed esterification of stearic acid with ethanol, and hydrolysis of ethyl stearate, near the critical point in supercritical carbon dioxide
Nakaya, Hideki,Nakamura, Kozo,Miyawaki, Osato
, p. 23 - 27 (2002)
The effect of pressure on the lipase-catalyzed reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) was investigated for the esterification of stearic acid (SA) with ethanol and the hydrolysis of ethyl stearate (ES) near the critical point, ranging from 6 to 20 MPa in pressure and 35 to 60°C in temperature. The esterification rate of SA began to increase near the critical point and kept increasing steadily with an increase in pressure, reflecting the increase in SA solubility in SCCO2. The hydrolysis rate of ES showed a maximum at a pressure near the critical point. When the reaction was carried out with an initial overall ES concentration below its solubility limit in SCCO2, the maximum pressure shifted along the extended line of the gas-liquid equilibrium in the supercritical region in the pressure-temperature phase plane. This seems to be related to the singular behavior of some properties in SCCO2 along this line reported in the literature. These results show the importance of pressure, as well as temperature, as a parameter to control enzyme reactions in SCCO2.
Enzymatic production of cocoa butter equivalents high in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearin in continuous packed bed reactors
Kim, Sohee,Kim, In-Hwan,Akoh, Casimir C.,Kim, Byung Hee
, p. 747 - 757 (2014)
This study aimed to optimize the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of high oleic sunflower oil (A) with a mixture of ethyl palmitate and ethyl stearate (B) to produce cocoa butter equivalents with a weight ratio of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-rac-glycerol (POS) to total symmetric monounsaturated triacylglycerols (SMUT) that is similar to that of cocoa butter by response surface methodology. The reaction was performed in a continuous packed bed reactor, using 0.45 g of Lipozyme RM IM as the biocatalyst. The effects of temperature (Te), residence time (RT), substrate molar ratio (SR, B/A), and water content (WC) of the substrates on the composition of reaction products were elucidated using the models established. Optimal reaction conditions for maximizing total SMUT and POS contents while minimizing the levels of diacylglycerol formation and acyl migration were: Te, 60°C; RT, 28.5 min; SR, 8.5; WC, 300 mg/kg. The contents of total SMUT, POS, and diacylglycerol in the reaction products and the content of palmitoyl and stearoyl residues at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols in the products were 52.0, 25.1, 9.4, and 4.8 %, respectively, under these conditions. Successful scale-up of the reaction was achieved under the optimal conditions, using 5 g of the lipase. A silver-ion high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the products obtained by the larger scale reaction contained 49.1 % total SMUT and 6.1 % of their positional isomers.
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of oleic acid to octadecanol over magnetic recoverable cobalt catalysts
Wang, Juncheng,Nie, Renfeng,Xu, Ling,Lyu, Xilei,Lu, Xiuyang
, p. 314 - 320 (2019)
Efficient transformation of biomass into fuel and chemicals under mild conditions with cost-effective and environmentally friendly characters is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, a scalable and Earth-abundant cobalt catalyst was used for selective catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of unsaturated fatty acids to fatty alcohols with sustainable isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. By tuning the surface Co composition by varying the reduction temperature, the catalytic performance could be easily boosted. At 200 °C in 4 h, the optimal catalyst Co-350 (reduced at 350 °C) gives 100% oleic acid conversion with 91.9% octadecanol selectivity. Various characterization studies reveal that the co-existence of Coδ+ and Co0 over the cobalt core might be responsible for its high performance for CTH of oleic acid. This catalyst could be magnetically separated and is highly stable for reusing ten times. Moreover, this cobalt catalyst is relatively cheap and easy to scale-up, thus achieving a low-cost transformation of biomass into high value-added chemicals.
Remarkable catalytic activity of polymeric membranes containing gel-trapped palladium nanoparticles for hydrogenation reactions
López-Viveros, Melissa,Favier, Isabelle,Gómez, Montserrat,Lahitte, Jean-Fran?ois,Remigy, Jean-Christophe
, p. 263 - 269 (2020/05/13)
Polymeric flat-sheet membranes and hollow fibers were prepared via UV photo-initiated polymerization of acrylic acid at the surface of commercial polyether sulfones (PES) membranes. These polymeric materials permitted to immobilize efficiently palladium nanoparticles (PdNP), which exhibited a mean diameter in the range of 4?6 nm. These materials were synthesized by chemical reduction of Pd(II) precursors in the presence of the corresponding support. We successfully applied the as-prepared catalytic materials in hydrogenation reactions under continuous flow conditions. Flat sheet membranes were more active than hollow fibers due to the flow configuration and defavorable operating conditions. Actually, various functional groups (i.e. C[dbnd]C, C[tbnd]C and NO2) were reduced in flow-through configuration, under mild conditions (between 1.4 and 2.2 bar H2 at 60 °C, using 3.2 mol% of Pd loading), archiving high conversions in short reaction times (12?24 s).
NATURAL BIOSURFACTANT OF ESTER AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
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Paragraph 0125; 0126; 0129-0132, (2020/12/11)
The present invention relates to an ester natural surfactant and a manufacturing method thereof. The present invention relates to an eco-friendly ester natural surfactant having excellent solubility in water and biodegradability, and a manufacturing method thereof. The present invention relates to an ester natural surfactant, and more particularly, to an ester natural surfactant and a method for preparing the same. (by machine translation)
