3352-57-6Relevant articles and documents
Diffusion-Kinetic Modeling of the Electron Raiolysis of Water at Elevated Temperatures
LaVerne, Jay A.,Pimblott, Simon M.
, p. 3291 - 3297 (1993)
The temperature dependence of the chemistry in the track of a fast electron in water has been examined with a deterministic diffusion-kinetic model.The model calculations suggest that there is an increase in the yields of the hydrated electron and hydroxyl radical and a decrease in the yields of molecular hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide with increasing temperature.These results are consistent with most of the experimental data.It is found that the best fit to the experimental data occurs when the radius of the initial spatial distribution of the hydrated electron is dependent on a process which scales according to an Arrhenius-like equation with an activation energy similar to that for electron movement between potential traps in water.The radii of the initial spatial distributions of all the other species appear to be independent of the temperature.The predictions of the model suggest that the initial radiation chemical yields of the reactive species are independent of temperature.An additional thermally dependent reaction for the decomposition of water is not required for the model predictions to match the experimental data.
Experimental Determination of the OH Product Yield from NH2 + NO at 300 K
Dolson, David A.
, p. 6714 - 6718 (1986)
The branching ratio, α = k1b/k1a, has been experimentally determined at 300 K for two product channels of the NH2 + NO reaction: -->N2 + H2O (k1a) and --> N2H + OH (k1b).The reaction was studied in a fast-flow tube reactor coupled to a modulated-beam mass spectrometer.CO was added to scavenge hydroxyl radicals via OH + CO --> CO2 + H.Separate experiments and kinetic modeling results confirm that the scavenging efficiency is near unity so that is a good measure of .The branching ratio, α = / = /, was determined from CO2+ and H2O+ ion intensities to be 0.15 at 300 K.This result is discussed as it relates to previous measurements and to the atmospheric chemistry of ammonia.
A Study of the Reaction Li + O2 + M (M = N2, He) over the Temperature Range 267-1100 K by Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Li(22PJ-22S1/2)
Plane, John M. C.,Rajasekhar, B.
, p. 3884 - 3890 (1988)
We present an investigation of the recombination reaction between lithium atoms and O2 in the presence of both N2 and He as bath gases.Lithium atoms were produced by the pulsed photolysis of either LiI, LiOH, or LiO2 molecules in the presence of an excess of O2 and the bath gas.The Li atom concentration was then monitored by laser-induced fluorescence of the metal atoms at λ = 670.7 nm using a pulsed nitrogen-pumped dye laser and boxcar integration of the fluorescence signal.Termolecular behavior was demontstrated in the case of both bath gases, and absolute third-order rate constants were obtained over the temperature range 267-1100 K.A fit of these data to the form AT-n yields k(M = N2) = (4.30 +/- 1.36) * 10-30(T/300 K)-(1.02 +/- 0.06) cm6 molecule-2 s-1 and k(M = He) = (1.25 +/- 0.48) * 10-30(T/300 K)-(0.38 +/- 0.08) cm6 molecule-2 s-1.It is demontstrated that these measurements are essentially in the low-pressure limit; the rate coefficients are then extrapolated from the experimental temperature range to ambient mesospheric temperatures ( 140 K a satisfactory fit to the Troe formalism.
Role of Hydrogen Bonding by Thiones in Protecting Biomolecules from Copper(I)-Mediated Oxidative Damage
Rai, Rakesh Kumar,Chalana, Ashish,Karri, Ramesh,Das, Ranajit,Kumar, Binayak,Roy, Gouriprasanna
, p. 6628 - 6638 (2019)
The sulfur-containing antioxidant molecule ergothioneine with an ability to protect metalloenzymes from reactive oxygen species (ROS) has attracted significant interest in both chemistry and biology. Herein, we demonstrated the importance of hydrogen bonding in S-oxygenation reactions between various thiones and H2O2 and its significance in protecting the metal ion from H2O2-mediated oxidation. Among all imidazole- and benzimidazole-based thiones (1-10), ImMeSH (2) showed the highest reactivity toward H2O2 - almost 10 and 75 times more reactive than N,N′-disubstituted ImMeSMe (5) and BzMeSMe (10), respectively. Moreover, metal-bound ImMeSH (2) of [TpmCu(2)]+ (13) was found to be 51 and 1571 times more reactive toward H2O2 than the metal-bound ImMeSMe (5) of [TpmCu(5)]+ (16), and BzMeSMe (10) of [TpmCu(10)]+ (21), respectively. The electron-donating N-Me substituent and the free N-H group at the imidazole ring played a very crucial role in the high reactivity of ImMeSH toward H2O2. The initial adduct formation between ImMeSH and H2O2 (ImMeSH·H2O2) was highly facilitated (-23.28 kcal mol-1) due to the presence of a free N-H group, which leads to its faster oxygenation than N,N′-disubstituted ImMeSMe (5) or BzMeSMe (10). As a result, ImMeSH (2) showed a promising effect in protecting the metal ion from H2O2-mediated oxidation. It protected biomolecules from Cu(I)-mediated oxidative damage of through coordination to the Cu(I) center of [TpmCu(CH3CN)]+ (11), whereas metal-bound ImMeSMe or BzMeSMe failed to protect biomolecules under identical reaction conditions.
The reaction of anthracene with OH radicals: An experimental study of the kinetics between 58 and 470 K
Goulay,Rebrion-Rowe,Le Garrec,Le Picard,Canosa,Rowe
, (2005)
The first direct measurement of the reaction rate constant of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the gas phase in the temperature range 58-470 K is reported. The reaction is OH+ anthracene and the experiment has been performed in a continuous flow Cintique de Raction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme apparatus, which had to be modified for this purpose. Pulsed laser photolysis of H2 O2 has been used to generate OH radicals and laser-induced fluorescence to observe the kinetic decay of the radicals and hence determine the rate coefficients. The reaction is found to be fast, and the rate constant increases monotonically as the temperature is lowered. The rate coefficients match the expression k (cm3 molecules-1 s-1) =1.12× 10-10 (T300) -0.46.
Foner, S. N.,Hudson, R. L.
, p. 1374 - 1382 (1953)
Relaxation of H2O from its |04〉- vibrational state in collisions with H2O, Ar, H2, N2, and O2
Barnes, Peter W.,Sims, Ian R.,Smith, Ian W.M.
, p. 5592 - 5600 (2004)
Collisional relaxation of water molecules from the highly excited |04- vibrational states in collisions with water, argon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen was analyzed. It was found that delay between the pulse from the pump laser and those from
Jacobs, A.,Wahl, M.,Weller, R.,Wolfrum, J.
, p. 203 - 207 (1988)
Formation of HO2 and OH in photolytically initiated oxidation of dimethyl ether
Suzaki, Kotaro,Kanno, Nozomu,Tonokura, Kenichi,Koshi, Mitsuo,Tsuchiya, Kentaro,Tezaki, Atsumu
, p. 179 - 184 (2006)
Time-resolved measurements of HO2 and OH have been conducted in 355 nm photolysis of dimethyl ether/Cl2/O2 mixture at elevated temperature, using near-infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy. A part of OH was found to be produced at a timescale of several microseconds by the methoxymethyl with O2 reaction, while HO2 is formed mainly in milliseconds with the yield increasing up to 60% between 500 and 600 K. It was rationalized that HO2 is not a direct product of the O2 adduct decomposition, but a secondary product through HCHO + OH reaction. Another pathway through HCO formation from the adduct is also discussed.
PRODUCTION OF OH ON POLYCRYSTALLINE NICKEL STUDIED BY THERMAL DESORPTION/LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE
Keiser, J. T.,Hoffbauer, M. A.,Lin, M. C.
, p. 2635 - 2638 (1985)
The production of hydroxyl radical following either the reaction of H2/O2 mixtures or the dissociation of H2O on polycrystalline nickel has been studied in a flow system.The hydroxyl radicals were detected in the gas phase by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) following desorption from the catalyst surface at temperatures above 850 K.The apparent activation energy for OH desorption from nickel varied from 26 to 40 kcal/mol depending upon the O/H ratio.The effect of the partial pressure of O2 and H2 on the OH production rate was measured and a mechanism to explain these results is proposed.The reaction of CO+H2 over polycrystalline nickel was also studied.However, no OH radicals were detected desorbing from the surface at temperatures up to 1350 K.
Frost, A. A.,Oldenberg, O.
, p. 642 - 648 (1936)
Vibrationally mediated dissociation dynamics of H2O in the vOH=2 polyad
Nizkorodov, Sergey A.,Ziemkiewicz, Michael,Myers, Tanya L.,Nesbitt, David J.
, p. 10158 - 10168 (2003)
The 193 nm photodissociation dynamics of gas-phase H2O molecules was examined from selected rotational and vibrational quantum states within the vOH=2 polyad. Data suggest a somewhat more restricted regime of applicability for the spectator model, specifically for vibrational states of H2O at relatively high levels of local mode excitation.
An intense pulsed electrical discharge source for OH molecular beams
Van Beek,Ter Meulen
, p. 237 - 242 (2001)
In this Letter we describe and characterize a pulsed DC discharge source for a molecular beam of OH radicals. The absolute line-integrated OH density has been measured by cavity ring-down spectroscopy, while the off-axis distribution of the radicals has been determined by 1-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Combining both measurements the total OH centerline flux at the maximum of the pulse was determined to be (2.2±0.1)×1017 molecules/sr s. No anomalous population distribution was found for the Λ-doublet components of the rotational ground state.
Photofragment angular momentum polarization from dissociation of hydrogen peroxide near 355 nm
Alexander, Andrew J.
, p. 6234 - 6243 (2003)
The measurements on the dissociation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) around 355 nm, in the long-wavelength tail of the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum were reported. Measurements of angular momentum polarization give a detailed picture of state-specific dissociation from nonequilibrium configuration of the ground-state parent molecule occurs. In addition, evidence for interference between multiple dissociating electronic states was reported as well.
Temperature-dependent kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of OH with Cl2, CH4, and C3H8
Bryukov, Mikhail G.,Knyazev, Vadim D.,Lomnicki, Slawomir M.,McFerrin, Cheri A.,Dellinger, Barry
, p. 10464 - 10472 (2004)
The reactions of OH with molecular chlorine (reaction 1), methane (reaction 2), and propane (reaction 3) have been studied experimentally using a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed-laser-induced fluorescence technique over wide ranges of temperatures (297-826, 298-1009, and 296-908 K, respectively) and at pressures between 6.68 and 24.15 kPa. The rate coefficients obtained for reactions 1-3 demonstrate no dependence on pressure and exhibit positive temperature dependences that can be represented with modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions within their corresponding experimental temperature ranges: k 1 = 3.59 × 10-16 T1.35 exp(-745 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, k2 = 3.82 × 10-19 T2.38 exp(-1136 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and k3 = 6.64 × 10 -16 T1.46 exp(-271 K/T) cm3 molecule -1 s-1. For the OH + Cl2 reaction, the potential energy surface has been studied using quantum chemical methods, and a transition-state theory model has been developed on the basis of calculations and experimental data. Model predictions suggest OH + Cl2 → HOCl + Cl as the main channel of this reaction. The model results in the expression k1 = 1.35 × 10-16 T1.50 exp(-723 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the temperature dependence of the reaction 1 rate coefficient extrapolation outside the experimental range to low temperatures down to 200 K and to high temperatures up to 3000 K. A temperature dependence of the rate coefficient of the HOCl + Cl → OH + Cl2 reaction has been derived on the basis of the experimental data, modeling, and thermochemical information.
Vibrational relaxation of OH by oxygen atoms
Khachatrian, Ani,Dagdigian, Paul J.
, p. 1 - 5 (2005)
The collisional removal of OH(v = 1) by O(3P) atoms is investigated. OH is generated by 193 nm photolysis of H2O 2, and O(3P) atoms are generated by a microwave discharge in O2 diluted in Ar. OH(v = 0 and 1) concentrations are monitored by laser-induced fluorescence vs. the time after the photolysis laser pulse. From comparison of these concentrations with kinetic simulations, the room-temperature total removal rate constant for OH(v = 1) in collisions with O(3P) is determined to be (3.9 ± 0.6) × 10 -11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. This value is slightly larger than the OH(v = 0)-O(3P) reaction rate constant, but the difference is within the experimental uncertainty.
Hydrogen-oxygen reactions behind shock waves assisted by OH(2Σ+) formation
Skrebkov,Karkach,Vasil'ev,Smirnov
, p. 413 - 418 (2003)
The results of the OH(2Σ+) → OH(2Π) luminescence registration at 1000≤ T≤2500 K and 2.0≥p≥0.3 atm during the ignition-combustion process behind incident shock waves in (2H2 + O 2) + Ar mixtures were s
Baldwin, R. R.,Mayor, L.
, p. 103 - 114 (1960)
Low temperature relaxation of OH in the X2U and a2Σ states in an argon free-jet
Ahern, Michael M.
, p. 8555 - 8563 (1999)
Low temperature (translational temperatures below 10 K) relaxation of OH in the X 2Π and A 2Σ states has been studied in an argon free jet. We determine upper limits on υ = 1 relaxation in the X 2Π manifold from laser induced fluorescence (LIF). We measure absolute relaxation rate coefficients for υ = 2(N), υ = 1(N), and υ = 0(N) levels in the A 2Σ state manifold. In addition, from comparison of the dispersed LIF we obtain state-to-state rate coefficients for υ = 1, N=0 and N = 1 going to υ′ = 0,N′ levels in the A 2Σ manifold. Bimolecular rate coefficients are reported which are all much greater than similar measurements at room temperature. Rates for vibrational relaxation at these low temperatures are 5.7(±0.7) × 10-1 cm3/s for υ(2-1) relaxation, 3.2 (± 1) × 10-10 cm3/s for υ(1-0) relaxation, and we report rotational relaxation rates for N = 1 and 2 of υ = 0, 1 and 2 excited states, all near the collision limited values.
Knox, J. H.,Wells, C. H. J.
, p. 2786 - 2800 (1963)
State-to-state photodissociation of the fundamental symmetric stretch vibration of water prepared by stimulated Raman excitation
David, D.,Strugano, A.,Bar, I.,Rosenwaks, S.
, p. 409 - 419 (1993)
The state-to-state photodissociation at 193 nm of the fundamental symmetric stretch vibration of water, H2O (1,0,0), is studied.Stimulated Raman excitation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering are used to prepare and detect, respectively, particular rotational states of H2O (1,0,0).Laser induced fluorescence is used for monitoring the OH species which are formed from particularly selected rotational states of the H2O (1,0,0) and also from photodissociation of all accupied rotational states of the ground vibrational state, H2O (0,0,0), at room temperature.The cross section for photodissociation from a particular rotation of H2O (1,0,0) at 193 nm is found to be ca. 550 times greater than that for H2O (0,0,0).The formation of the OH product in different rotational, Λ-doublet and spin-orbit states is analyzed for the photodissociation of H2O (0,0,0) and for the photodissociation of the 101, 110 + 111, 212 + 211, and 303 rotational states of H2O (1,0,0).The rotational distribution of the OH resulting from photodissociation of H2O (1,0,0) shows a structured distribution that is dependent on the particular rotation of the vibrationally excited state, while that resulting from photodissociation of H2O (0,0,0) presents a smooth distribution.The Λ-doublet ratio in the two spin-orbit states shows preference of the A component for photodissociation from the above rotational states of H2O (1,0,0), while only a small preference at high N is observed for photodissociation from the ground vibrational state.The results are compared to available theoretical calculations based on the Franck-Condon model and show reasonable agreement between experiment and theory.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of OH with CS2 under Atmospheric Conditions
Hynes, A. J.,Wine, P. H.,Nicovich, J. M.
, p. 3846 - 3852 (1988)
A pulsed laser photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence technique has been employed to study the reaction of OH with CS2 in the presence of He, N2, air, and O2 buffer gases and over the temperature range 250-350 K.In the absence of O2, evidence for rapid, reversible formation of a CS2OH adduct is observed.Analysis of observed OH temporal profiles gives the forward and reverse rates of adduct formation and hence the equilibrium constant.A heat of reaction of -9.9 +/- 1.2 kcal mol-1 is obtained from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant.The temperature dependence of the bimolecular rate coefficient for the forward addition reaction in 680 Torr of N2 + O2 is well-represented by the Arrhenius expression 6.9 * 10-14 exp(1150/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1.A rapid reaction of OH with CS2 is observed in the presence of O2, confirming the observations reported in previous competitive rate studies.The observed bimolecular rate constant (kobsd) for the OH + CS2 reaction at 295 K in 700 Torr of air is found to be (1.5 +/- 0.1) * 1012 cm3 molecule-1 s-1; kobsd increases dramatically with decreasing temperature.All experimental observations are consistent with a simple three-step reaction mechanism: adduct formation followed by adduct decomposition in competition with an adduct + O2 reaction.Analysis of our data using a steady-state approximation based on the above three-step mechanism leads to a rate coefficient of (2.9 +/- 1.1) * 1014 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the adduct + O2 reaction.
Pressure dependence of the absolute rate constant for the reaction OH+C2H2 from 228 to 413 K
Michael, J. V.,Nava, D. F.,Borkowski, R. P.,Payne, W. A.,Stief, L. J.
, p. 6108 - 6116 (1980)
The pressure dependence of absolute rate constants for the reaction of OH+C2H2-> products has been examined at five temperatures ranging from 228 to 413 K.The experimental technique which was used is flash photolysis-resonance fluorescence (FP-RF).OH was produced by water photolysis and hydroxyl resonance fluorescent photons were measured by multiscaling techniques.The results indicate that the low pressure bimolecular rate constant is ca.4*10-13 cm3molecule-1s-1 over the temperature range studied.A substantial increase in the bimolecular rate constant withan increase in pressure was observed at all temperatures except 228 K.This indicates the importance of initial adduct formation and subsequent stabilization.The high pressure results are well represented by the Arrhenius expression (kbi)infinite=(6.83+/-1.19)*10-12 exp(-646+/-47/T) cm3molecule-1s-1.The present results are compared to previous investigations and are theoretically discussed.The implications of these results on modeling of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres and also in combustion chemistry are discussed.
Low-Temperature Kinetics of Reactions of OH Radical with Ethene, Propene, and 1-Butene
Vakhtin, Andrei B.,Murphy, James E.,Leone, Stephen R.
, p. 10055 - 10062 (2003)
The kinetics of the reactions of the OH radical with ethene (k 1), propene (k2), and 1-butene (k3) are studied over a temperature range of T = 96-296 K. The low-temperature environment is provided by a pulsed Laval nozzle supersonic expansion of nitrogen with admixed radical precursor and reactant gases. The OH radicals are produced by pulsed photolysis of H2O2 at 248 nm. Laser-induced fluorescence of the OH radicals excited in the (1,0) band of the A2σ+-X2∏i transition is used to monitor the OH decay kinetics to obtain the bimolecular rate coefficients. At T = 296 K, the rate constants k1, k2, and k3 are also measured as a function of total pressure. The room-temperature falloff parameters are used as the basis for extrapolation of the low-temperature kinetic data, obtained over a limited range of gas number density, to predict the high-pressure limits of all three rate coefficients at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the measured high-pressure rate constants for T= 96-296 K can be expressed as follows: k1,∞ = (8.7 ± 0.7) × 10-12(T/300) (-0.85±0.11) cm3 molecule-1 s -1; k2,∞ = (2.95 ± 0.10) × 10 -11(T/300)(-1.06±0.13) cm3 molecule -1 s-1; k3,∞ = (3.02 ± 0.15) × 10-11(T/300)(-1.44±0.10) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. All three high-pressure rate constants show a slight negative temperature dependence, which is generally in agreement with both low-temperature and high-temperature kinetic data available in the literature. Implications to the atmospheric chemistry of Saturn are discussed. Incorporating the new experimental data on k1 in photochemical models of Saturn's atmosphere may significantly increase the predicted rate of photochemical conversion of H2O into C-O containing molecules.
Measurement of orientation and alignment moment relaxation by polarization spectroscopy: Theory and experiment
Costen, Matthew L.,Crichton, Hilary J.,McKendrick, Kenneth G.
, p. 7910 - 7926 (2004)
The measurement of orientation and alignment moment relaxation was discussed using polarization spectroscopy. The influences of Doppler motion, velocity-changing collisions, decay of population, orientation and alignment, and nuclear hyperfine depolarization on the calculated PS signal were also studied. The measurements were found to be analyzed using linearly polarized pump light on the Q1(2.5) transition of the OH A 2σ+ -X2π (0,0) band with He as the collision partner. Analysis shows that the collisional depolarization of rotational alignment was rapid, with a rate twice that of population transfer.
Catalytic patch with redox Cr/CeO2 nanozyme of noninvasive intervention for brain trauma
Zhang, Shaofang,Liu, Ying,Sun, Si,Wang, Junying,Li, Qifeng,Yan, Ruijuan,Gao, Yalong,Liu, Haile,Liu, Shuangjie,Hao, Wenting,Dai, Haitao,Liu, Changlong,Sun, Yuanming,Long, Wei,Mu, Xiaoyu,Zhang, Xiao-Dong
, p. 2806 - 2821 (2021/02/03)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury to the brain, accompanied by the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and acute neuroinflammation responses. Although traditional pharmacotherapy can effectively decrease the immune response of neuron cells via scavenging free radicals, it always involves in short reaction time as well as rigorous clinical trial. Therefore, a noninvasive topical treatment method that effectively eliminates free radicals still needs further investigation. Methods: In this study, a type of catalytic patch based on nanozymes with the excellent multienzyme-like activity is designed for noninvasive treatment of TBI. The enzyme-like activity, free radical scavenging ability and therapeutic efficacy of the designed catalytic patch were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The structural composition was characterized by the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technology. Results: Herein, the prepared Cr-doped CeO2 (Cr/CeO2) nanozyme increases the reduced Ce3+ states, resulting in its enzyme-like activity 3-5 times higher than undoped CeO2. Furthermore, Cr/CeO2 nanozyme can improve the survival rate of LPS induced neuron cells via decreasing excessive RONS. The in vivo experiments show the Cr/CeO2 nanozyme can promote wound healing and reduce neuroinflammation of mice following brain trauma. The catalytic patch based on nanozyme provides a noninvasive topical treatment route for TBI as well as other traumas diseases. Conclusions: The catalytic patch based on nanozyme provides a noninvasive topical treatment route for TBI as well as other traumas diseases.
Ag-doped Fe-metal-organic framework nanozymes for efficient antibacterial application
Hu, Zhonglan,Liu, Xiao,Jiao, Lei,Wei, Xiaoqiong,Wang, Zhen,Huang, Nongyu,Li, Jiong
supporting information, p. 17772 - 17776 (2021/10/12)
Herein, we developed a Ag-doped Fe-based metal-organic framework nanozyme with excellent peroxidase-like activity, which catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, demonstrating excellent antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.
Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks Stabilize Bacteriochlorins for Type i and Type II Photodynamic Therapy
Luo, Taokun,Ni, Kaiyuan,Culbert, August,Lan, Guangxu,Li, Zhe,Jiang, Xiaomin,Kaufmann, Michael,Lin, Wenbin
supporting information, p. 7334 - 7339 (2020/08/21)
Herein we report the design of a bacteriochlorin-based nanoscale metal-organic framework, Zr-TBB, for highly effective photodynamic therapy via both type I and type II mechanisms. The framework of Zr-TBB stabilizes 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-benzoato)bacteriochlorin (TBB) ligands toward oxygen and light via geometrical constraint. Upon 740 nm light irradiation, Zr-TBB efficiently generates various reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, to afford superb antitumor efficacy on mouse models of breast and colon cancers, with cure rates of 40% and 60%, respectively.
