(retinol)
Background
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is derived from two sources: preformed retinoids and provitamin carotenoids. Retinoids, such as retinal and re
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)
Background
Valerian is an herb native to Europe and Asia that currently grows in most parts of the world. The name is believed to come from the Latin word &
Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) and
Background
The rhizome (root) of turmeric ( Curcuma longa Linn.) has long been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat ga
(Melaleuca alternifolia [Maiden & Betche] Cheel)
Background
Tea tree oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia . Tea tre
Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis)
Background
The almond is closely related to the peach, apricot, and cherry (all classified as drupes). Unlike the others, however, th
St. John''s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)
Background
Extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John''s wort) have been recommended traditionally for a wide rang
Soy ( max [L.] Merr.)
Background
Soy is a subtropical plant native to southeastern Asia. This member of the pea family (Fabaceae) grows from 1-5 feet tall and forms cluster
(Se)
Background
Selenium is a trace mineral found in soil, water, and some foods. It is an essential element in several metabolic pathways.
Selenium deficiency ca
Seaweed, kelp, bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus)
Background
?Fucus vesiculosus? is a brown seaweed that grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the North and Baltic
Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius Linn.) herb and flower,
Background
Scotch broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), also referred to as broom, is a perennial woody plant nati
Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens [Bartram] Small)
Background
Saw palmetto (?Serenoa repens?,? Sabal serrulata?) is used popularly in Europe for symptoms associated with benign prostatic hypert
(vitamin B2)
Background
Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which is involved in vital metabolic processes in the body and is necessary for normal cell function, growth
Red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus)
Background
Red yeast rice is the product of yeast (?Monascus??purpureus?) grown on rice, and is served as a dietary staple in some Asian countries. It conta
Pygeum (Prunus africanum, Pygeum africanum)
Background
The ?Pygeum africanum? (African plum) tree is a tall evergreen of the family Rosaceae found in central and southern Africa. Its bark has
Pycnogenol? (Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica)
Background
Pycnogenol? is the patented trade name for a water extract of the bark of the French maritime pine (?Pinus pinaster ?ssp. ?atlantica?), whi
Psyllium (Plantago ovata, Plantago isphagula)
Background
Psyllium, also referred to as ispaghula (or isphagula), is derived from the husks of the seeds of Plantago ov
Propolis
Background
Bees create propolis, a natural resin, to build their hives. Propolis is made from the buds of conifer and poplar trees, beeswax, and other bee secretio
s,
Background
Phosphorus is a mineral found in many foods, such as milk, cheese, dried beans, peas, colas, nuts, and peanut butter. Phosphate is the most common form of phosphorus. In the bo,
