Willgerodt-Kindler Reaction

C. Willgerodt, Ber. 20, 2467 (1887); 21, 534 (1888); K. Kindler, Ann. 431, 193 (1923).

Conversion of aryl alkyl ketones to amides and/or the ammonium salts of the corresponding acids by aqueous ammonium polysulfide or by and a primary or secondary amine:



Reviews: M. Carmack, M. A. Spielman, Org. React. 3, 83 (1946); R. Wegler et al., Newer Methods of Preparative Organic Chemistry vol. 3 (Academic Press, New York, 1964) pp 1-51; E. E. Campaigne in The Chemistry of the yl Group, S. Patai, Ed. (Wiley, New York, 1966) p 954; A. L. J. Beckwith, The Chemistry of Amides, J. Zabicky, Ed. (Interscience, London, 1970) pp 145-147; S. W. Schneller, Int. J. Sulfur Chem. 8, 591 (1976).