Pfitzinger Reaction

W. Pfitzinger, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 33, 100 (1886); 38, 582 (1888).

Formation of -4-carboxylic acids by condensation of isatic acids from isatin with α-methylene carbonyl compounds; subsequent decarboxylation yields quinolines:



C. Hollins, The Synthesis of Ring Compounds (London, 1924) p 286; R. H. Manske, Chem. Rev. 30, 126 (1942); F. W. Bergstrom, ibid. 35, 152 (1944); R. C. Elderfield, Heterocyclic Compounds 4, 47 (1952); N. P. Buu-Hoi et al., Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1968, 2476; M. H. Palmer, P. S. McIntyre, J. Chem. Soc. B 1969, 539. Cf. Friedlaender Synthesis; Niementowski Quinoline Synthesis.