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 Synthesis of 4-Biphenylcarboxaldehyde Using a Modified Suzuki Cross-coupling
  • Synthesis of 4-Biphenylcarboxaldehyde Using a Modified Suzuki Cross-coupling
  • The synthetic process of (CAS NO. ) contains 2 steps. The synthetic route is as follows:

    A 2-L, three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, condenser, and a nitrogen gas inlet is charged with 50.0 g (0.270 mol) of 4-bromobenzaldehyde , 34.6 g (0.284 mol, 1.05 equiv) of benzeneboronic acid , and 485 mL of 1-propanol under a nitrogen purge. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30 min, allowing the solids to dissolve. The resulting solution is treated with 0.182 g (0.811 mmol, 0.003 equiv) of palladium acetate , 0.638 g (2.43 mmol, 0.009 equiv) of triphenylphosphine , 162 mL of 2 M sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (0.324 mol, 1.20 equiv), 95.0 mL of deionized water and heated to reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere.

    After 45 min at reflux, a reaction aliquot checked by 1H NMR indicates that the reaction is complete. The heat source is removed and 350 mL of water is added while the mixture is still hot. The nitrogen gas source is removed and the reaction is allowed to stir open to the atmosphere for 2.5 hr while cooling to room temperature. The darkened mixture is diluted with 500 mL of ethyl acetate and transferred to a 2-L separatory funnel. The two phases are separated and the aqueous layer is back-extracted with two additional 250-mL portions of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed with 250 mL of aqueous 5% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) followed by saturated brine, 2 × 250 mL. The organic solution is placed in a 2-L Erlenmeyer flask with a magnetic stirring bar, treated with 25.0 g of Darco G-60 and stirred at room temperature for 30 min. To the mixture is added 50.0 g of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and stirring is continued for an additional 30 min.

    A 2-L filter flask is equipped with an 11-cm Büchner funnel with filter paper. The funnel is charged with Celite to a depth of 1 cm and 50.0 g of Florisil is spread evenly on top of the Celite. The above mixture is filtered through this pad of filter aid. The filter cake is rinsed with ethyl acetate, 2 × 100 mL. The resulting pale yellow filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 47.3 g (96.2%) of pale yellow crystals.

    The crude solids are treated with 189 mL of hexanes (4 mL/g) and slurried at room temperature for 10 min before heating to reflux. The resulting hazy solution is treated with 47.3 mL of methanol (1 mL/g), which clarifies the mixture. Crystallization is induced by removing the heat source and allowing the mixture to cool slowly to room temperature over 2 hr. The flask is placed in a freezer to chill overnight. The thick slurry of crystals is filtered, rinsed with cold hexanes, 2 × 40 mL, and vacuum dried at room temperature to afford 42.5 g of pale yellow crystals (86.3% overall yield).


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