- Manufacture of Vinyl Ethers
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The industrial processes for the manufacture of vinyl ethers are based on the reaction of alcohols with . With this method, discovered by Reppe, alkali hydroxides or alcoholates are used as catalysts:
The reaction is usually conducted in the liquid phase and, depending on the boiling point of the alcohol, either at normal pressure or 3 to 20 bar at 120 to 180°C.Acetylene, diluted with N2, is introduced from below, counter-current to the alcohol trickling down the reaction column. The vinyl ether passes overhead with unreacted acetylene and N2. Selectivities can be as high as 95%. After separation, the ether can be purified by distillation. Methyl-, ethyl-, isopropyl-, n-butyl-, isobutyl-, and 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ethers are commercially important.
Acetylene-independent processes are based on an oxidative addition of alcohols to ethylene in the presence of PdCl2/CuCl2; they have not yet been practiced commercially.
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