
Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences p. 838 - 850 (1996)
Update date:2022-07-29
Topics:
Wiberg, Nils
Wagner, Susanne
Diels-Alder and ene reactions of germaethene Me2Ge=C(SiMe3)2 (2) with butadienes >C=C + (Combining vertical line above)-C + (Combining vertical line above)=C< and propenes >C=C + (Combining vertical line above)-CH<, respectively, take place regioselectively, as well as stereoselectively. They are accelerated by an increasing tendency of substituents in butadiene or propene to donate electrons (e.g. 2-methylbutadiene > butadiene; 2-methylpropene > propene), and retarded by an increasing bulkyness of substituents in 1.4- or 1,3-positions (e.g. 1-methylbutadiene > 2-methylbutadiene; 1-vinylpropene > propene). It is concluded from these studies that Diels-Alder and ene reactions of 2 occur - like those of Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) or of ethenes >C=C< - in a concerted way and are HOMOdiene-LUMOdienophile and HOMOene-LUMOenophile controlled. Thus 2 and 1 behave as carbon analogues. With regard to a specific diene or ene (e.g. anthracene: toluene), 2 is the better dienophile or enophile than 1 or ethenes. With a fixed diene/ene mixture (e.g. butadiene/propene), 2 acts as the better dienophile, while 1 is the better enophile. These results can be explained by the π/π*-energy difference and the double bond polarity decreasing in the direction 1 > 2. Only cis-piperylene gives a [2+2] cycloadduct with 2, besides two [4+2] cycloadducts, and an ene reaction product.
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