Substrate-controlled and organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of carbocyclic amino acid dipeptide mimetics

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/jo100017t

The asymmetric synthesis of a carbocyclic Δ-amino acid representing the P₂/P₃ subunit of a nonpeptidic truncated peptidomimetic molecule is described relying on two independent approaches.

Full text of DOI:10.1021/jo100017t

pubs.acs.org/joc
Substrate-Controlled and Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of
Carbocyclic Amino Acid Dipeptide Mimetics
Stephen Hanessian,* Dilip K. Maji, Subramaniyan Govindan, Riccardo Matera, and
Marina Tintelnot-Blomley†
ꢀ ꢀ ꢀ
Department of Chemistry, Universite de Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C
3J7, Canada. †Novartis Pharma AG, WKL-136.5.81, CH4002 Basel, Switzerland.
stephen.hanessian@umontreal.ca
Received January 22, 2010
The asymmetric synthesis of a carbocyclic δ-amino acid representing the P2/P3 subunit of a
nonpeptidic truncated peptidomimetic molecule is described relying on two independent approaches.
Introduction
components. Depending on their nature, these smaller peptides
can trigger further interactions that may eventually be detri-
mental to the host. For example, the membrane-bound aspar-
tic protease BACE1 (β-secretase) is known to cleave endo-
proteolytically the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), as a
first step in the release of a large ectodomain, which is the
substrate of γ-secretase, eventually resulting in so-called amy-
loid plaque formation. Aspartic proteases such as BACE1 are
ideal targets for inhibition by small molecules with the inten-
tion of developing an effective therapeutic agent.6,7 The avail-
ability of structural data from the extracellular domain of
BACE1 has greatly enhanced the design of potential inhibitors.
Indeed, the first crystal structure of a BACE1-inhibitor com-
plex comprising OM99-2 A (Figure 1), a potent heptapeptide
inhibitor that harbors an unnatural δ-amino-γ-hydroxy amino
acid subunit as a hydroxyethylamino transition state mimic,
was reported by the Tang and Ghosh groups in 2000.8
Valuable insights gleaned from this structural information
The design and synthesis of peptidomimetic motifs as back-
bone components of peptide-based enzyme inhibitors has had
a profound impact in the area of structure-based drug dis-
covery.1 Indeed, a number of high-profile and life-saving
medicines such as anti-HIV agents are the result of such
efforts.2 Unmet medical needs related to Alzheimer’s disease
are also the subject of intense research efforts.3 Thus, proteases
involved in various phases of the disease progression have
become the target of chemical intervention through the synth-
esis of so-called small molecule inhibitors.4,5 Such proteases
recognize a specific sequence in a natural peptide substrate,
leading to cleavage and release of the amino and carboxyl
(1) See for example: (a) Tyndall, J. D.; Nall, T.; Fairlie, D. P. Chem. Rev.
2005, 108, 973. (b) Robertson, J.-G. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 5562. (c) Greco,
M. N.; Maryanoff, B. F. Adv. Amino Acid Mimetics and Peptidomimetics; JAI:
London, 2002; Vol. 1, p 41. (d) Babine, R. E.; Bender, S. L. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97,
1359.
(2) For a recent review, see: (a) Ghosh, A. K.; Chapsal, B. D.; Weber,
I. T.; Mitsuya, H. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 78. (b) DeClerq, E. Nat. Rev.
Drug Discovery 2007, 6, 1001. (c) HIV Chemotherapy-A Critical Review;
Butera, S. T., Ed.; Caister Academic Press: Norfolk, U.K., 2005.
(3) Shankar, G. M.; Li, S.; Mehta, T. H.; Garcia-Munoz, A.; Shepardson,
N. E.; Smith, I.; Brett, F. M.; Farrell, M. A.; Rowan, M. J.; Lemere, C. A.;
Regan, C. M.; Walsh, D. M.; Sabatini, B. L; Selkoe, D. J. Nat. Med. 2008, 14,
837.
(4) (a) Hills, I. D.; Vacca, J. P. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery 2007, 10, 383.
(b) Nguyen, J.; Yamani, A.; Kiso, Y. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2006, 12, 4295. (c)
Thompson, L. A.; Bronson, J. J.; Zusi, F. C. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2005, 11,
3383. (d) Vassar, R. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2004, 23, 105. (e) Wilquet, V.; De
Strooper, B. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2004, 14, 1. (f) Citron, M. Nat. Rev.
Neurosci. 2004, 5, 677. (g) Conway, K. A.; Baxter, E. W.; Felsenstein, K. M.;
Reitz, A. B. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2003, 19, 427.
(6) For example, see: (a) Stachel, J. S. Drug Dev. Res. 2009, 70, 101.
(b) Jakob-Roente, R.; Jacobsen, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3030.
(c) Silvestri, R. Med. Res. Rev. 2008, 8, 121. (d) Cole, S. L; Vassar, R. Curr.
Alzheimer Res. 2008, 5, 100. (e) Ghosh, A. K.; Kumaragurubaran, N.; Hong,
L.; Koelsch, G.; Tang, J. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2008, 5, 12. (f) Hills, I. D.;
Vacca, J. P. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Dev. 2007, 10, 383. (g) Durham,
T. B.; Shepherd, T. A. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Dev. 2006, 9, 7761.
(7) For recent developments, see: (a) Iserloh, U.; Cumming, J. N.; Pan, J.;
Wang, L. Y.; Stanford, A. W.; Kennedy, M. E.; Kuvelkar, R.; Chen, X.;
Parker, E. M.; Strickland, C.; Voigt, J. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2008, 18,
418. (b) Stauffer, S. R.; Stanton, M. G.; Gregro, A. R.; Steinbeiser, M. A.;
Shaffer, J.-R.; Nantermet, P. G.; Barrow, J.-C.; Rittle, K. E.; Collasi, D.;
Espeseth, A. A.; Lai, M.-T.; Pietrak, B. L.; Holloway, M. K.; Mcgaughey,
G. B.; Munshi, S. K.; Hochman, J. H.; Simon, A. J.; Selnick, H. G.; Graham,
S. L.; Vacca, J. P. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 1788.
(5) For selected reviews, see: (a) Olsen, R. E.; Marcin, L. R. Annu. Rep.
Med. Chem. 2007, 42, 27. (b) Citron, M. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2004, 25, 92.
(c) Wolfe, S. M. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2002, 1, 859.
(8) (a) Hong, L.; Koelsch, G.; Lin, X.; Wu, W.; Terzyan, S.; Ghosh, A. K.;
Zhang, X. C.; Tang, J. Science 2000, 290, 150. (b) Ghosh, A. K.; Tang, J.
Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 10963 and references therein.
DOI: 10.1021/jo100017t
r
Published on Web 04/14/2010
J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 2861–2876 2861
2010 American Chemical Society

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
low micromolar inhibitory activity against BACE1.13 Despite
the weak activity, a crystal structure of D in complex with
BACE1, showed that it was indeed bound in the active site,
although the orientation of the N-acetyl group was changed. In
an effort to study the effect and the nature of the steric
environment near the N-acetyl group, we considered the
synthesis of carbocyclic amino acids represented by the generic
structure E shown in Figure 1.
Results
We report herein on the streocontrolled synthesis of
3-(1-aminoalkyl)-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acids in their en-
antiomerically enriched and pure forms. To the best of our
knowledge, such carbocyclic δ-amino acids with stereo-
chemically defined substitutions are not known in the con-
text of peptidomimetic design. In this regard, we also report
on the incorporation of such constrained carbocyclic amino
acids in prototypical molecules with reduced peptidic char-
acter as potential inhibitors of BACE1. We focused on com-
pounds with the (1R,3S,30S) configuration on the basis of
previous precedents.10-13 As a general strategy toward the
synthesis of such stereodefined carbocyclic δ-amino acids,
we first relied on a resident-chirality-induced conjugate addi-
tion starting with chiral, nonracemic γ-N,N-dibenzyl R,β-
unsaturated amino acid esters14 (Scheme 1).
The readily available enoates 1a-1d14 were subjected to
conjugate addition in the presence of vinylmagnesium bromide
and CuI, leading to the adducts 2a-2d in modest yields.14,15
Reduction of the esters to the corresponding alcohols with
DIBAL-H, followed by oxidation under Swern conditions,
afforded the aldehydes 3a-3d. Treatment with bis-methylmer-
captomethylene dimethyl phosphonate anion in the case of 3a
and 3b led to the bis-methyl ketene dithioacetals 4a and 4b in
88% and 82% yields, respectively. In the case of 3c and 3d, it
was beneficial to effect the extension with diethylphosphoryl
dithiane to afford 4c and 4d in 97% and 78% yields, respec-
tively. Cleavage of the ketene dithioacetal function in the
presence of CuSO4 in refluxing methanol gave the correspond-
ing methyl esters 5a-5d in yields varying between 62% and
75%. Formation of the potassium enolate with KHMDS and
treatment with allyl bromide led to diastereomeric mixtures of
the C-allyl esters 6a-6d in 85-91% yields. Ring-closing
metathesis in the presence of the Grubbs first generation
catalyst16 gave excellent yields of the corresponding 1,3-disub-
stituted 4-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate esters as mixtures of
diastereomers. Upon heating these in a methanol solution
containing NaOMe, epimerization took place to give a mixture
of 3-substituted 4-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid esters 7a-7d
in which the 1,3-cis-isomers were predominant (>5:1 by NMR
analysis). Trace amounts of carboxylic acids formed during the
epimerization process were converted to the corresponding
methyl esters 7a-7d by treatment with diazomethane.
FIGURE 1. Tang-Ghosh BACE1 inhibitor OM99-2, and trun-
cated peptidomimetics B-C.10-12
led to the design and synthesis of several other types of BACE1
inhibitors.9
In previous papers, we reported on the structure-based
design, synthesis, and X-ray crystallographic studies of carbo-
cyclic10 (B) and heterocyclic11,12 (C) P1/P1 truncated variants
0
of the Tang and Ghosh original 1nM BACE1 inhibitor A
(Figure 1). Further refinement of these prototypical inhibitors
led us to consider unnatural, minimally peptidic molecules in
which the traditional P2/P3 dipeptide subunit in the Tang and
Ghosh inhibitor was replaced by a cyclohexane spacer unit.
Preliminary results with a prototypical molecule D resulted in
(9) See for example: Ghosh, A. K.; Gemma, S.; Tang, J. Neurotherapeu-
tics 2008, 5, 399.
€
(10) Hanessian, S.; Yun, H.; Hou, Y.; Yang, G.; Bayrakdarian, M.;
Therrien, E.; Moitessier, N.; Roggo, S.; Veenstra, S.; Tintelnot-Blomley,
M.; Rondeau, J.-M.; Ostermeier, C.; Strauss, A.; Ramage, P.; Paganetti, P.;
Neumann, U.; Betschart, C. J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 5175.
(11) Hanessian, S.; Yun, H.; Hou, Y.; Tintelnot-Blomley, M. J. Org.
Med. Chem. 2005, 70, 6746.
(12) Hanessian, S.; Hou, Y.; Bayrakdarian, M.; Tintelnot-Blomley, M.
J. Org. Med. Chem. 2005, 70, 6735.
(13) Hanessian, S.; Shao, Z.; Betschart, C.; Rondeau, J.-M.; Neumann,
U.; Tintelnot-Blomley, M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 1924.
(14) Reetz, M. T.; Rohrig, D. Angew. Chem. 1989, 28, 1706.
(15) (a) Hanessian, S.; Sumi, K. Synthesis 1991, 1083. (b) Hanessian, S.;
Wang, W.; Gai, Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7477. (c) Hanessian, S.; Gai,
Y.; Wang, W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 7473.
(16) (a) Schwab, P.; France, M. B.; Ziller, J. W.; Grubbs, R. H. Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed. 1995, 34, 2039. For an authoritative collection of relevant
work see: (b) Handbook of Metathesis; Grubbs, R. H., Ed.; Wiley-VCH:
Weinheim, Germany, 2003; Vol. 1-3. (c) Grubbs, R. H. Tetrahedron 2004, 60,
7117. (d) Schmidt, B.; Hermanns, J. Top. Organomet. Chem. 2004, 7, 223. (e)
Connon, S. J.; Blechert, S. Top. Organomet. Chem. 2004, 7, 93.
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SCHEME 1. Synthesis of Carbocyclic Peptidomimetics 9a-d
SCHEME 2. Synthesis of Methyl Ester 18
Hydrogenation of 7a in the presence of Pd(OH)2 in
MeOH, followed by acetylation, gave 8a as a crystalline
white solid in 72% yield. A single crystal X-ray structure
confirmed the assigned absolute stereochemistry.17 Analo-
gous treatment of 7b followed by chromatographic purifica-
tion gave 8b in 72% yield as an amorphous white solid. The
propyl analogue 8c was obtained as a crystalline white solid
in 76% yield, and its absolute stereochemistry was also
confirmed by a single crystal X-ray analysis.17 The isobutyl
analogue 8d was obtained as a colorless oil in 70% yield after
chromatographic purification.
The individual N-acetyl carboxylic acids derived from
crystalline samples of 8a and 8c were coupled with a hydro-
xyethylamine isostere equivalent18 to give the prototypical
inhibitor molecules 9a and 9c as diastereomerically pure
products. Identical treatment of the diastereomerically en-
riched acids coming from 8b and 8d gave 9b and 9d after
chromatographic purification in yields ranging between 40%
and 50% and suitable for biological tests.
Since cuprate addition was unsuccessful in the case of the
isopropyl analogue (Scheme 1, 1, R=i-Pr), possibly due to
steric reasons, we opted for an indirect approach. Thus, the
O-benzyloxymethyl (O-BOM) enoate 10 was converted to
the vinyl derivative 11 in excellent yield and selectivity
(Scheme 2). Following the same protocol as for the N,N-
dibenzylamino series, 11 was extended to the ketene dithio-
acetal 12 in excellent yield and then converted to 13. For-
mation of the potassium enolate and treatment with allyl
bromide at -78 °C led to a 1:1 mixture of C-allyl isomers (14).
What was planned at this juncture was to cleave the BOM group
and to introduce an azide group with inversion of configu-
ration in order to attain the desired stereochemical orient-
ation needed in the intended 3-(1-aminoalkyl)-1-cyclohexane
carboxylic acid motif E after ring-closing metathesis. In the
event, treatment of 14 with TMSBr to cleave the BOM group led
to the cis- and trans-lactones 15 and 16 as a 1:1 mixture of
diastereomers. When this mixture was subjected to ring-closing
metathesis in the presence of the Grubbs first generation catalyst,
the cis-bicylic lactone 17 was formed in 41% yield in addition to
the recovery of the pure trans-allyl lactone 16 in a 45% yield. The
(17) See Supporting Information.
(18) (CAS no. 850426-30-1) Auberson, Y.; Glatthar, R.; Salter, R.; Simic,
O.; Tintelnot-Blomley, M. Preparation of substituted spirocyclic lactams as
inhibitors of proteinase BACE 1. WO2005035535.
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SCHEME 3. Synthesis of Carbocyclic Peptidomimetic 25
SCHEME 4. Organocatalytic Route to Carbocyclic Peptido-
mimetic 8b and 8c
In an effort to shorten the synthetic sequence leading to
compounds 8b and 8c as prototypes for the common 3-(30-
aminoalkyl)-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid motif E (R=Et,
Pr) shown in Figure 1, we explored a second approach based
on an organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of
1-nitroalkanes to 2-cycloalkenones previously developed in
our laboratory (Scheme 4).20,21 Addition of 1-nitropropane
and 1-nitrobutane to 2-cyclohexenone 26 in the presence of
10 mol % of D-proline and a stoichiometric amount of trans-
2,5-dimethylpiperazine in reagent grade CHCl3 (containing
0.03% water or less) for 48 h gave, in each case, a separable
mixture of isomers in 84-97% combined yield (Scheme 4).
The chromatographically less polar syn-(3S,30S)-propyl iso-
mer 27 (89% ee) and the more polar anti-(3S,30R)-propyl
latter could be equilibrated to a 1:1 mixture of cis- and trans-
lactones (15 and 16) in the presence of DBU in refluxing CH2Cl2.
Methanolysis of 17 gave the methyl ester 18. However, attempts
to introduce an azide group under Mitsunobu conditions19
resulted in unwanted byproduct due to elimination.
We then decided to introduce the azide group earlier in the
sequence as shown in Scheme 3. Thus, the ester group in 11
was reduced, the resulting alcohol was protected as a TBS
ether, and the BOM group was subsequently cleaved with Na
in liquid ammonia to give 19. Treatment under Mitsunobu
conditions led to the corresponding azide with inversion of
configuration. Cleavage of the TBS group and oxidation
under Swern conditions gave aldehyde 20 in excellent overall
yield. Extension to the ketene dithioacetal 21, methanolysis
to 22, allylation of the potassium enolate, followed by ring-
closing metathesis, and then NaOMe-induced equilibration
of the mixture gave 23 as the major cis-isomer (>4:1,
containing the minor diastereomer epimeric at C1). Reduc-
tion of the azide group and acetylation gave 24 as a crystal-
line solid whose structure and absolute stereochemistry was
confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.17 Follow-
ing the previously established protocol, enantiomerically
pure 24 was converted to the prototypical inhibitor 25.
1
isomer 28 (74% ee), (1:2.2 ratio by H NMR and chiral
HPLC, respectively) were individually characterized.17
A similar protocol with 1-nitrobutane gave the chromato-
graphically less polar syn-(3S,30S)-butyl isomer 29 (89% ee)
and the more polar anti-(3S,30R)-butyl isomer 30 (71% ee) in
a product ratio of 1:2, respectively.
The individual syn-isomers 27 and 29 were each transformed
to the corresponding ketene dithioacetals 31 and 32. Metha-
nolysis of 31 and 32 in the presence of HgCl2 gave the methyl
esters 33, 34, and 35, 36, respectively. Attempts to equilibrate
the 1,3-trans-(1S)-isomers 34 and 36 to the desired 1,3-cis-
(1R)-isomers without affecting the stereochemistry of the
carbon center containing the nitro group were unsuccessful.
(20) (a) Hanessian, S.; Pham, V. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2975. (b) Hanessian,
S.; Shao, Z.; Warrier, J. S. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 4787. (c) Hanessian, S.;
Govindan, S.; Warrier, J. S. Chirality 2005, 17, 1.
(21) For a review on organocatalytic conjugate additions, see: Tsogoeva,
S. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 1701.
(19) (a) Mitsunobu, O. Synthesis 1981, 1. (b) Hughes, D. C. Org. React.
1992, 42, 335. (c) Kumara Swamy, K. C.; Bhuvan Kumar, N. N.;
Baharaman, E.; Pavan Kumar, K. V. P. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2551.
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Reduction of 33 and 35 in the presence of 10% Pd/C and
ammonium formate, followed by N-acetylation gave 8b and
8c respectively as diastereomeric mixtures in which the
desired (1R,3S,30S) component was present in a ratio of
∼95:5 as measured by HPLC analysis of the original nitro-
alkane adducts 27 and 29, respectively. A similar sequence of
reactions with the chromatographically more polar anti-
nitroketone isomers 28 and 30 was also achieved, although
these “undesired” diastereomeric nitroalkyl esters were not
pursued further in the context of our peptidomimetic
BACE1 program.10-13
Discussion
Conjugate additions of organocuprates to chiral non-
racemic γ-alkoxy,15a γ-ureido,15a and γ-N,N-dibenzyl14 sub-
stituted esters have been known to take place with a high
level of 1,2-induction. Contrary to the γ-alkoxy series, the
γ-N,N-dibenzyl counterparts afford syn-oriented substitution
products as originally shown by Reetz and co-workers.14
Therefore, the preponderance of the syn-oriented β-vinyl
adducts 8a-d was not unexpected. The robust N,N-dibenzyl
group was highly compatible with the 2-step sequence of
reactions involved in the one-carbon homologation by carbo-
methoxylation of the aldehydes via the ketene dialkyl dithio-
acetals 3a-d. It was not surprising that the potassium enolate
mediated allylation of acyclic 5 led to the C-allylated esters
6a-d with virtually no selectivity compared to analogous
systems, where the stereogenic center was adjacent to the
enolate R-carbon atom.15b,c However, as anticipated, the de-
sired 1,3-cis-substitution pattern was attained by a mild base-
catalyzed equilibration after carbocyclization, favoring the
thermodynamically more stable diequatorial isomers 7a-d in
ratios of 5:1. The subsequent steps involving reduction of the
endocyclic double bond and the N,N-dibenzyl groups, followed
by N-acetylation, proceeded uneventfully to give diasteromeri-
cally pure crystalline carbocycles in the case of 8a and 8c.
Similar treatment gave the diastereomerically enriched carbo-
cycles 8b and 8d, which were further converted to the intended
peptidomimetics 9a-d.
Conjugate addition of the mixed vinylcuprate to the
enoate derived from the isopropyl analogue (Scheme 1, 1,
R=i-Pr) was unsuccessful and starting enoate was recov-
ered, possibly due to steric reasons. Relying on the high 1,2-
anti-selectivity in the conjugate addition of the correspond-
ing γ-alkoxy enoates,15a we opted to start with compound 10,
which is readily available through diazotization of D-valine.
The plan was to eventually displace the γ-hydroxyl group
with a suitable source of nitrogen such as azide in an SN2
fashion, thereby attaining the desired (S)-stereochemistry at
C30. The planned sequence was successfully implemented up
to the stage of azide displacement, only to discover that the
combination of two relatively bulky moieties flanking the
hydroxyl group on the 1-hydroxy-isobutyl side chain pre-
sented major steric issues. This impasse was circumvented
by effecting the SN2 azide displacement earlier in the se-
quence, which led to the intended crystalline carbocyclic
amino acid ester 24 in 18 steps starting with D-valine
(Scheme 3). Despite the relative length of these sequences,
a high level of stereochemical control was achieved as a result
of a strong combination of internal induction and thermo-
dynamic bias. The absolute configuration of 24 was con-
firmed by X-ray crystallography.
FIGURE 2. Proposed intermediates in the 1-nitroalkane addition
to 2-cyclohexenone in the presence of D-proline as catalyst and
trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine as additive.
The first proline-catalyzed addition of 2-nitropropane to
2-cyclohexenone was reported by Yamaguchi and co-workers22
in 1994, who achieved an ee of 59%, using rubidium L-prolinate
as catalyst. In 2000, we reported on a substantial improvement
in the enantioselective addition of 2-nitropropane to 2-cyclo-
hexenone in the presence of 10 mol % of L-proline, in conjunc-
tion with trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine as an additive.20a The
reaction profile exhibited an unusual nonlinear effect, before
reaching ee values ranging between 89% and 93%. Since then,
the enantioselectivity of this reaction has been extended with
trans-4,5-methano-L-proline as a catalyst to a maximun level
of 99% ee.20b
We explored the feasibility of 1-nitroalkane additions to
2-cyclohexenones as an alternative approach to 3-(30-amino-
alkyl)-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acids exemplified by E
(Figure 1). On the basis of our previous experience,20a,b it
was expected that the proline-catalyzed conjugate addition
of a 1-nitroalkane to 2-cyclohexenone would lead to a dia-
stereomer in which the stereogenic center at C3 of the
resulting 3-(30-nitroalkyl)-1-cyclohexanone would be fixed
as a result of the stereodifferentiating event during the
approach of the nitronate anion at the azadienium carboxy-
late stage (Figure 2). However, the stereochemical fate of the
carbon atom bearing the C30-nitro group would be difficult
to predict, since it could undergo proton-abstraction and
reprotonation after the initial attack due to the acidity of the
carbon atom. Although a priori there appears to be no
stereochemical bias to favor one over another, the results
show that the diastereomers with the C30S-configuration as
in the case of the propyl and butyl chains in 27 and 29,
respectively, are favored over the C30R-counterparts in 28 and
30 as evidenced by the higher ee values (Scheme 4). Of the two
possible iminium ions initially formed with 2-cyclohexenone,
that with the proximal carboxylate group as in A20c (Figure 2)
can undergo a si-face attack by the nitronate anion with its
associated protonated bulky trans-2,5 dimethylpiperazinium
(22) (a) Yamaguchi, M.; Igarashi, Y.; Reddy, R. S.; Shiraishi, T.; Hirama,
M. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 11223. (b) Yamaguchi, M.; Shiraishi, T.; Igarashi,
Y.; Hirama, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8233.
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Hanessian et al.
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ion to give the corresponding enamines B1 and B2. Release of
the D-proline, from hydrolysis of iminium ions C1 and C2 by
water present in the reaction medium leads to the observed
products 27 and 29, respectively, in which the C30S-configura-
tion is favored (∼95:5 ratio).
TABLE 1. Enzyme Inhibitory Activity
We have previously shown that, compared to other nitro-
gen bases, trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine was the most effec-
tive additive with regard to enantioselectivity of the conju-
gate addition of 2-nitropropane to 2-cyclohexenone.20a-c
Furthermore, chiral nonracemic 2,5-disubstituted dialkyl-
piperazines had no effect on the observed enantioselectivity.20c
In our original report,20a we had shown that the conjugate
addition of 1-nitropropane to 2-cyclohexenone in the pre-
sence of 10 mol % of L-proline and trans-2,5-dimethylpiper-
azine as additive in CHCl3 afforded a 80% yield of a 1:2
mixture of ent.27 and ent.28. The diastereomeric excesses
determined by 13C NMR analysis of the corresponding
ketals with (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol were 85% and 72% for
ent.27 and ent.28, respectively. With trans-4,5-methano-L-
proline as a catalyst, there was a measurable improvement in
diastereoselectivity to 91% and 74%, respectively.20b
In the present study with D-proline, these results were
independently confirmed by HPLC analysis on chiral colu-
mns. A priori, it is difficult to rationalize the preponderance
of the anti-isomers 28 and 30 by a product ratio of 2:1 over
the syn-counterparts 27 and 29, respectively. The ratio
appears to be a thermodynamic one under the reaction
conditions. Nevertheless, it is interesting that the desired
syn-(3S,30S)-isomers 27 and 29 in the context of our intended
carbocyclic amino acid motif E (Figure 1) were produced in
an stereochemically enriched form of 89% ee corresponding
to a ratio of ∼95:5. In this regard, the modest enantiomeric
excesses of the anti-(3S,30R) isomers 28 and 30 (74% and
71%, respectively) were significantly better than the corre-
sponding isomers with Maruoka’s N-spiro chiral quaternary
ammonium bromide phase transfer catalyst where an ee of
57% was reported for the same compounds.23 However,
the product ratios in Maruoka’s study was highly in favor
of the syn-isomer 27 (syn/anti 96:4, 91% ee and 57% ee,
respectively).23
IC50 ( μM) or % inhibition at 10 μMa
compound
R
BACE-1
BACE-2
CathD
9a
9b
9c
9d
25
Me
Et
Pr
i-Pr
i-Bu
8%
14%
24%
80%
0.17
71%
64%
84%
0.15
17%
15%
0.80
11%
42%
43%
aFor details of assays see ref 13.
shorter synthetic route, the organocatalytic 1-nitroalkane
conjugate addition reaction to 2-cyclohexenone leads to
mixtures of diastereomers attaining ratios of ∼95:5 for the
(3S,30S)-isomers 27 and 29, which are the minor products,
compared to the undesired (3S,30R)-isomers 28 and 30. Thus,
the amino acid route is preferred as an entry into this new
class of constrained 3-(30-aminoalkyl)-1-cyclohexane car-
boxylic acids.24 Incorporation of the congener with an iso-
propyl side chain such as 24 into a peptidomimetic construct
has a led to compound 25 showing low micromolar inhibi-
tion of BACE1, BACE2, and cathepsin D in vitro. This was
the basis for further design and synthesis toward selective
and potent inhibitors of the enzyme BACE1.13
Experimental Section
Ethyl (3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Pentanoate (2a). To
a suspension of copper iodide (9.525 g, 50 mmol) in THF (200
mL) at -78 °C was added vinylmagnesium bromide (100 mL,
100 mmol, 1 M in THF) dropwise during 1.5 h. After 30 min the
TMSCl (25.3 mL, 200 mmol), ester 1a (0.808 g, 2.5 mmol) in
THF (20 mL), and HMPA (34.8 mL, 200 mmol) were added
successively and stirred for additional 7 h at -78 °C. The
reaction mixture was quenched with solution of ammonium
hydroxide and ammonium chloride (1:1, 100 mL) and allowed
to reach rt. The organic layer was extracted with ether (3 ꢀ
100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude
product was purified by flash chromatography (2.5% EtOAc
in hexanes) to furnish 2a (0.395 g, 45%) as pale yellow oil; [R]D
-49.4 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1735 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
7.38-7.28 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.00 (dd, J=17.0, 12.1
Hz, 2H), 4.10-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.79 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (d,
J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.35 (dd, J=4.2 Hz, 1H),
2.10 (dd, J=7 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (d, J=6.5
Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 173.1, 140.6, 140.5 (2C), 129.4
(4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 115.8, 60.6, 55.9, 54.3 (2C), 46.1,
38.7, 14.7, 10.5; MS (FAB) m/z 352 [ M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C23H30NO2 [M þ 1]þ 352.2276, found 352.2270.
Ethyl (3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Hexanoate (2b). To
a suspension of copper iodide (11.43 g, 60 mmol) in THF (240
mL) at -78 °C was added vinylmagnesium bromide (120 mL,
120 mmol, 1 M in THF) dropwise during 1.5 h. After 30 min, the
TMSCl (30.3 mL, 240 mmol), ester 1b (1.000 g, 2.96 mmol) in
THF (20 mL) and HMPA (41.7 mL, 240 mmol) were added
successively and stirred for additional 7 h at -78 °C. The
reaction was quenched with solution of ammonium hydroxide
and ammonium chloride (1:1, 100 mL). After usual workup and
Biological Results. Compounds 9a-d and 25 were tested for
their inhibitory activities against BACE1, BACE2, and cathe-
psin D (Table 1). Although increasing the bulk of the alkyl
group in the C3 appendage of the cyclohexane portion led to
virtually no inhibitory activity against these enzymes, the
isopropyl analogue 25 showed markedly higher potency on
all three enzymes compared to the other congeners. One can
speculate that in 25 the isopropyl group presents a preferred
change in the conformation and in the pattern of interaction
with these enzymes as described in detail in an SAR
(structure-activity relationship) study of related analogues
based on X-ray structural analysis with BACE1 in particular.13
Conclusion
We have presented two conceptually and operationally
different approaches to the stereocontrolled synthesis of
novel dipeptide isosteres consisting of a novel 3-(30-amino-
alkyl)-1-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid motif. Despite the
(24) For the synthesis of conformationally constrained γ-amino acids,
see: Guo, L.; Chi, Y.; Almeida, A. M.; Guzei, I. A.; Parker, B. K.; Gellman,
S. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16018.
(23) Ooi, T.; Takada, S.; Fujioka, S.; Maruoka, K. Org. Lett. 2005, 7,
5143.
2866 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
column purification, ester 2b (0.440 g) was isolated as pale
yellow oil in 41% yield; [R]D -35.19 (c 1.06, CHCl3); IR
(CHCl3) 1734 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.10 (m, 10H),
5.80-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.00 (t, J=10.2 Hz, 2H), 4.10-4.00 (m, 2H),
3.80 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m,
1H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.40 (q, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (q, J=4.3
Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.20 (t, J=7.3
Hz, 3H), 1.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 173.3,
140.7 (2C), 139.2, 129.5 (4C), 128.6 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 116.3, 62.4,
60.5, 55.7 (2C), 42.7, 37.8, 19.4, 14.6, 13.1; MS (ESI) m/z 366.4
[Mþ1]þ; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C24H32NO2 [M þ 1]þ 366.2428,
found 366.2438
1.30-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.00 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
142.4 (2C), 140.8, 129.4 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 115.3, 61.þ6,
56.3, 54.1 (2C), 46.9, 35.4, 10.6; MS (ESI) m/z 310 [M þ 1]
;
HRMS (FAB) calcd for C21H28NO [M þ 1]þ 310.2165, found
310.2172.
To a stirring solution of oxalyl chloride (53 μL, 0.57 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (5 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (71 μL,1 mmol),
and after 10 min the alcohol (0.150 g, 0.48 mmol) in CH2Cl2
(1 mL) was added and stirred for 30 min. After addition of
triethylamine (278 μL, 2 mmol) the reaction mixture was stirred
at -78 °C for 30 min, and then the dry ice bath was removed to
allow the mixture to warm to rt during 30 min. The reaction
mixture was quenched with water (2 mL) and extracted with
CH2Cl2 (3 ꢀ 10 mL). The organic layer was washed with 10%
citric acid solution (10 mL) and then with brine and dried over
Na2SO4. After concentration, the residue was purified by silica
gel column chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexanes) to furnish
aldehyde 3a (0.100 g, 67%) as a colorless viscous oil; [R]D -39.25
(c 1.2, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1724 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 9.49
(s, 1H), 7.38-7.23 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.13 (d, J=10.0
Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J=17.0 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.31
(d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.40 (dd, J=4.3 Hz,
1H), 2.20 (dd, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 1.00 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 202.84, 140.50 (2C), 140.15, 129.40 (4C), 128.59 (4C),
127.33 (2C), 116.29, 55.92, 54.55 (2C), 46.69, 43.91, 10.70; MS
(ESI) m/z 308.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C21H26NO
[M þ 1]þ 308.2009, found 308.2119.
Ethyl (3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Heptanoate (2c). To
a suspension of copper iodide (11.43 g, 60 mmol) in THF (240
mL) at -78 °C was added vinylmagnesium bromide (120 mL,
120 mmol, 1 M in THF) dropwise during 1.5 h. After 30 min, the
TMSCl (30.3 mL, 240 mmol), ester 1c (1.053 g, 3 mmol) in THF
(20 mL) and HMPA (41.7 mL, 240 mmol) were added succes-
sively and stirred for additional 7 h at -78 °C. The reaction was
quenched with solution of ammonium hydroxide and ammo-
nium chloride (1:1, 100 mL). After usual workup and column
purification, ester 2c (0.510 g, 45%) was isolated as pale yellow
oil; [R]D -26.3 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 1734 cm-1; H NMR
1
(CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.27 (m, 10H), 5.95-5.80 (m, 1H), 5.10-5.05
(dd, J=13.6, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.07-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.80 (d, J=11.8
Hz, 2H), 3.45 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.20
(m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.21 (m,
3H), 0.99 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 173.3, 140.7
(2C), 139.2, 129.5 (4C), 128.6 (4C), 127.3(2C), 116.4, 60.5, 60.2,
55.8 (2C), 43.1, 37.8, 28.8, 21.5, 14.8, 14.7; MS (ESI) m/z 380.2
[M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C25H34NO2 [M þ 1]þ
380.2584, found 380.2582.
(3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Hexanal (3b). To a solu-
tion of ester 2b (0.800 g, 2.19 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at 0 °C was
added DIBALH (3 mL, 4.5 mmol, 1.5 M in toluene) dropwise,
and the mixture was allowed to come to rt during 2 h. The excess
DIBALH was quenched with MeOH (3 mL) and diluted with
Rochelle salt solution (25 mL) and EtOAc (75 mL) while stirring
for 2 h. The alcohol 37b (0.635 g) was isolated as a colorless oil in
90% yield after standard workup and purification; [R]D -52.2
Ethyl (3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl-6-methyl Heptano-
ate (2d). To a suspension of copper iodide (11.43 g, 60 mmol)
in THF (240 mL) at -78 °C was added vinylmagnesium
bromide (120 mL, 120 mmol, 1 M in THF) dropwise during
1.5 h. After 30 min the TMSCl (30.3 mL, 240 mmol), ester 1d
(1.095 g, 3 mmol) in THF (20 mL), and HMPA (41.7 mL, 240
mmol) were added successively and stirred for additional 7 h at
-78 °C. The reaction mixture was quenched with solution of
ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride (1:1, 100 mL)
and allowed to come to rt. The ester 2d (0.495 g) was obtained as
pale yellow oil in 42% yield after standard workup and purifica-
tion; [R]D -18.3 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1734 cm-1; 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.90-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.05 (bs,
1H), 5.00 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.76 (d, J=13.7
Hz, 2H), 3.40 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (bs, 2H), 2.40-2.30 (m,
2H), 1.80-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.10 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H), 0.93 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 173.2, 140.8 (2C), 139.0, 129.5 (4C), 128.6 (4C), 127.3
(2C), 116.5, 60.5, 58.0, 55.9 (2C), 42.9, 37.6, 35.6, 25.7, 24.2,
22.8, 14.6; MS (ESI) m/z 394.4 [ M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd
for C26H36NO2 [M þ 1]þ 394.2741, found 394.2744.
(c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 3362 cm-1 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
;
7.40-7.25 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m, 2H),
3.80 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H),
2.40-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.40 (m, 2H),
1.20-1.10 (m, 1H), 1.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
141.3, 140.9 (2C), 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 116.0, 62.9,
61.7, 55.6 (2C), 43.7, 35.5, 19.7, 13.5; MS (FAB) m/z 324
[M þ 1] þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C22H30NO [M þ 1]þ
324.2327, found 324.2339.
To a stirring solution of oxalyl chloride (240 μL, 2.6 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (22 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (306 μL, 4.32
mmol), and after 10 min the alcohol 37b (0.700 g, 2.16 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added and stirred for 30 min. After addition
of triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.64 mmol) the reaction mixture was
stirred at -78 °C for 30 min and then the dry ice bath was
removed to allow the mixture to warm to rt during 30 min. The
reaction mixture was quenched with water (5 mL). After usual
workup and column purification, aldehyde 3b (0.500 g, 72%)
was characterized as colorless viscous oil; [R]D -33.6 (c 1,
CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1723 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 9.30 (bs,
1H), 7.30-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.90-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m,
2H), 3.80 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 2H),
2.90-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 2H),
1.90-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 202.7, 140.6 (2C), 138.7, 129.5 (4C), 128.6
(4C), 127.4 (2C), 116.8, 62.3, 55.9 (2C), 46.5, 40.3, 19.3, 13.1; MS
(ESI) m/z 322.3 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C22H27NO
321.2092, found 321.2119.
(3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Pentanal (3a). To a solu-
tion of ester 2a (0.500 g, 1.42 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at 0 °C was
added DIBAL-H (2 mL, 3.0 mmol, 1.5 M in toluene) dropwise,
and the mixture was allowed to come to rt during 2 h. The excess
DIBAL-H was quenched with MeOH (3 mL) and diluted with
Rochelle salt solution (15 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) while stirring
for 2 h. The organic layer was partitioned, washed with brine,
dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The crude product was
purified by flash chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexanes) to
afford the corresponding alcohol (0.400 g, 91%) as a colorless
oil; [R]D - 65.45 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 3330 cm-1 ; H
(3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl Heptanal (3c). To a solu-
tion of ester 2c (0.510 g, 1.35 mmol) in THF (14 mL) at 0 °C was
added DIBALH (1.8 mL, 2.7 mmol, 1.5 M in toluene) dropwise,
and the mixture was allowed to come to rt during 2 h. The excess
DIBALH was quenched with MeOH (3 mL) and diluted with
1
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40 7.20 (m, 10 H), 5.70-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.13 (d,
J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=13.8 Hz,
2H), 3.60-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.32 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.55 (m,
1H), 2.25-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 1H),
J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010 2867

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
Rochelle salt solution (25 mL) and EtOAc (75 mL) while stirring
for 2 h. The alcohol 37c (0.405 g, 89%) was isolated as a colorless
oil after standard workup and purification; [R]D -41.5 (c 1,
1.47-1.44 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 202.5, 140.7 (2C), 138.6, 129.6 (4C), 128.7 (4C),
127.4 (2C), 116.9, 57.9, 56.0 (2C), 46.4, 40.4, 35.4, 25.7, 24.3,
22.7; MS (ESI) m/z 350.4 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C24H31NO 349.2405, found 349.2396.
CHCl3); IR (neat) 3350 cm-1 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.39-
;
7.26(m, 10H), 5.80-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.01 (m, 2H), 3.80 (d, J =
13.5 Hz, 2H), 3.49-3.44 (m, 4H), 2.56-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.54-2.20
(m, 1H), 1.80-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.60-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.88 (t, J=7.1
Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 141.5, 141.1 (2C), 129.7 (4C),
128.7 (4C), 127.4 (2C), 116.1, 61.5, 60.9, 55.6 (2C), 44.1, 35.5,
29.5, 22.1, 15.1; MS (ESI) m/z 338.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C23H32NO [M þ 1]þ 338.2478, found 338.2476.
To a stirring solution of oxalyl chloride (147 μL, 1.6 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (15 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (302 μL, 4.26
mmol), and after 10 min the alcohol 37c (0.480 g, 1.42 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added and stirred for 30 min. After addition
of i-Pr2NEt (987 μL, 5.68 mmol) the reaction mixture was stirred
at -78 °C for 30 min, and then the dry ice bath was removed to
allow the mixture to warm to rt during 30 min. The reaction
mixture was quenched with water (5 mL) and extracted with
CH2Cl2 (3 ꢀ 20 mL). The organic layer was washed with 10%
citric acid solution (20 mL), washed with brine, and dried over
Na2SO4. After concentration, the residue was purified by nor-
mal silica gel column chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexane)
to furnish aldehyde 3c (0.376 g, 79%) as colorless viscous oil;
(2S,3R)-N,N-Dibenzyl-6,6-bis(methylthio)-3-vinylhex-5-en-2-
amine (4a). To a stirring solution of bis-methyl mercapto-
methanphosphonate (0.476 g, 2.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at
-78 °C was added n-BuLi (1.56 mL, 2.5 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane)
dropwise during 15 min. After 1 h, aldehyde 3a (0.614 g, 2 mmol)
in THF (5 mL) was added and stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and
then the cooling bath was removed. The reaction was quenched
after 1 h by adding water (3 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(40 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried
(Na2SO4), and concentrated. The purification of crude product
over silica gel column chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes)
furnished ketene dithioacetal 4a (0.698 g, 88%) as a transparent
oil; [R]D -38.5 (c 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.21 (m,
10H), 5.80-5.60 (m, 2H), 5.07 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J=
16.2 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H),
2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 5H), 2.10
(s, 3H), 1.01 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
141.9,140.8 (2C), 133.3, 132.9, 129.4 (4C), 128.5 (4C),
127.1(2C), 115.2, 55.7, 53.9 (2C), 49.8, 33.8, 17.3, 17.2, 10.5;
MS (ESI) m/z 398.2 [Mþ1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C24H31-
NS2 [M þ 1]þ 397.1931, found 397.1930.
[R]D -24.9 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 1723 cm-1 1H NMR
;
(CDCl3) δ 9.34 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.24 (m, 10H),
5.84-5.75 (m, 1H), 5.09 (t, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 9.6
Hz, 1H), 3.80 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 2H),
2.67-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.46 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H),
1.70-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.44 (m, 3H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 202.6, 140.8 (2C), 138.9, 129.7 (4C), 128.7
(4C), 127.5 (2C), 116.8, 60.0, 56.0 (2C), 46.5, 40.7, 28.8, 21.5,
14.9; MS (ESI) m/z 336.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C23H30NO [M þ 1]þ 336.2322, found 336.2320
(3S,4R)-N,N-Dibenzyl-7,7-bis(methylthio)-4-vinylhept-6-en-3-
amine(4b). To a stirring solution of bis-methyl mercaptomethan-
phosphonate (0.367 g, 1.7 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at -78 °C was
added n-BuLi (1.2 mL, 1.8 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise
during 15 min. After 1 h, aldehyde 3b (0.500 g, 1.55 mmol) in
THF (5 mL) was added and stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and
then the cooling bath was removed. The reaction was quenched
after 1 h by adding water (3 mL). After usual extraction with
EtOAc and silica gel column purification, a compound char-
acterized as ketene dithioacetal 4b (0.520 g) was produced in
82% yield as a transparent oil; [R]D -49.3 (c 1.025, CHCl3); 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.70-5.60 (m, 2H), 5.00
(q, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (d, J=17.1 Hz,
2H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H),
1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.00 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 140.9, 140.9 (2C), 134.2, 132.7, 129.5 (4C),
128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 115.9, 62.8, 55.5 (2C), 47.0, 33.6, 19.9,
17.4, 17.3, 13.4; MS (m/z) m/z 412.3 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C25H34NS2 [M þ 1]þ 412.2132, found 412.2125.
(3R,4S )-3-(2-(1,3-Dithian-2-ylidene)ethyl)-N,N-dibenzylhept-
1-en-4-amine (4c). To a stirring solution of 2-phosphoryl 1,3-di-
thiane (0.384 g, 1.5 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at -78 °C was added
n-BuLi (1 mL, 1.6 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise during
15 min. After 1 h, aldehyde 3c (0.380 g, 1.13 mmol) in THF
(5 mL) was added and stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and then the
cooling bath was removed. The reaction mixture was quenched
after 1 h by adding water (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(40 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over
Na2SO4, and concentrated. The purification of crude product
over silica gel column chromatography using 5% EtOAc in
hexane as mobile phase furnished ketene dithioacetal 4c (0.480
g, 97%) as a transparent oil; [R]D -46.2 (c 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.24 (m, 10H), 5.74-5.72 (m, 2H), 5.06 (d,
J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J=18.1 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (d, J=13.5 Hz,
2H), 3.54 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87-2.82 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.60 (m,
1H), 2.31-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.14 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.55 (m, 1H),
1.40-1.37 (m, 3H), 0.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
140.9 (2C), 140.8, 133.9, 129.6 (4C), 128.6 (4C), 127.3 (2C),
126.0, 116.1, 60.7, 55.5 (2C), 47.0, 32.6, 30.9, 30.2, 29.5, 25.8,
21.8, 14.9; MS (ESI) m/z 438.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C27H36NS2 [M þ 1]þ 438.2284, found 438.2286
(3R,4S )-4-(Dibenzylamino)-3-vinyl-6-methyl Heptanal (3d).
To a solution of ester 2d (1.200 g, 3.05 mmol) in THF (30 mL)
at 0 °C was added DIBALH (4 mL, 6 mmol, 1.5 M in toluene)
dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to come to rt during 2 h.
The excess DIBALH was quenched with MeOH (5 mL) and
diluted with Rochelle salt solution (15 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL)
while stirring for 2 h. After standard workup and purification,
the product was isolated as desired alcohol 37d (0.965 g) as a
colorless oil in 90% yield; [R]D -40.36 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR
(CHCl3) 3328 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H),
5.80-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.10 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (bs, 1H),
3.80 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.40-3.20
(bs, 2H), 2.60 (bs, 1H), 2.25 (bs, 1H), 1.80-1.00 (m, 5H), 0.91 (d,
J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
141.2, 141.1 (2C), 129.6 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.3 (2C), 116.3, 61.7,
58.7, 55.7 (2C), 43.9, 36.1, 35.5, 25.9, 23.9, 23.1; MS (FAB) m/z
352 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C24H34NO [M þ 1]
352.2640, found 352.2649.
To a stirring solution of oxalyl chloride (406 μL, 4.44 mmol)
in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (524 μL,
7.4 mmol), and after 10 min the alcohol 37d (1.3 g, 3.7 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added and stirred for 30 min. After
addition of triethylamine (2.3 mL, 16 mmol) the reaction
mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 30 min, and then the dry ice
bath was removed to allow the mixture to warm to rt during
30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched by adding water
(10 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3 ꢀ 30 mL). After usual
workup, the crude product was purified by normal silica gel
column chromatography with 10% EtOAc in hexane to furnish
aldehyde 3d (0.943 g, 73%) as colorless viscous oil; [R]D -15.7
(c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1723 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 9.27
(bs, 1H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 10H), 5.90-5.75 (m, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m,
2H), 3.75 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (bs,
1H), 2.70 (bs, 1H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.70 (m, 1H),
2868 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010

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JOCArticle
(3R,4S )-3-(2-(1,3-Dithian-2-ylidene)ethyl)-N,N-dibenzyl-6-
methylhept-1-en-4-amine (4d). To a stirring solution of 2-phos-
phoryl 1,3 dithiane (0.256 g, 1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78 °C
was added n-BuLi (625 μL, 1 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise
during 15 min. After 1 h, aldehyde 3d (0.349 g, 1 mmol) in THF
(5 mL) was added and stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and then the
cooling bath was removed. The reaction mixture was quenched
after 1 h by adding water (3 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(40 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over
Na2SO4, and concentrated. The purification of crude product
over silica gel column chromatography using 5% EtOAc in
hexane as mobile phase furnished ketene dithioacetal 4d (0.351
g) in 78% yield as a transparent oil; [R]D -40.36 (c 1.1, CHCl3);
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.80 (q, J=8.1 Hz,
1H), 5.60 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (q, J=16.1,12.2 Hz, 2H), 3.70
(d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.70 (m,
4H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 1H),
2.10-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 1H),
1.40-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.88 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 141.0, 140.6, 133.8 (2C), 129.6 (4C),
128.6 (4C), 127.6 (2C), 126.1, 116.3, 58.6, 55.6 (2C), 46.9, 36.3,
32.5, 30.9, 30.1, 25.8, 25.7, 23.8, 23.1; MS (ESI) m/z 452.4 [M þ
1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C28H38NS2 [M þ 1]þ 452.2440,
found 452. 2446.
Methyl (4R,5S)-5-(Dibenzylamino)-4-vinyl Hexanoate (5a).
Ketene dithioacetal 4a (0.102 g, 0.256 mmol) was taken in a
methanolic solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (5 mL,
0.2 M) and heated at 65 °C for 2 h. After concentration, the
reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water
(2 mL) and partitioned. The organic phase was concentrated,
and usual purification over silica gel column chromatography
eluting 2.5% EtOAc in hexanes furnished ester 5a (0.056 g, 62%)
as a colorless oil; [R]D -66.9 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1739
cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.60-5.50 (m,
1H), 5.10 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (d,
J = 13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.25 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 2H),
2.70-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 2H),
1.90-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.00 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H);
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 174.8, 141.7, 140.8 (2C), 129.4 (4C), 128.5
(4C), 127.1 (2C), 115.7, 56.1, 53.9 (2C), 51.9, 49.5, 32.3, 27.5,
10.4; MS (FAB) m/z 352 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C23H 30NO2 [M þ 1]þ 352.2295, found 352.2288.
ester 5c (0.310 g, 75%) as a colorless oil; [R]D -47.5 (c 1, CHCl3);
IR (neat) 1739 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.21 (m, 10H),
5.68-5.62 (m, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J=18.3 Hz,
1H), 3.78 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.47 (d, J=13.2 Hz,
2H), 2.58 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.95 (m,
1H), 1.68-1.55 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.37 (m, 3H), 0.93 (t, J=6.9 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 174.8, 140.9 (2C), 140.8, 129.5 (4C),
128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 116.3, 60.6, 55.4 (2C), 51.8, 47.1,
32.4, 29.5, 27.4, 21.9, 14.9; MS (ESI) m/z 380.2 [M þ 1]þ;
HRMS (FAB) calcd for C25H34NO2 [M þ 1]þ 380.2584, found
380.2588.
Methyl (4R,5S )-5-(Dibenzylamino)-4-vinyl-6-methyl Heptano-
ate (5d). Ketene dithioacetal 4d (0.900 g, 1.99 mmol) was taken in
a methanolic solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (20 mL,
0.2 M solution) andheated at65 °C for 2 h. After concentration in
vacuo, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (40 mL) and
water (2 mL) and partitioned. The organic phase was concen-
trated, and usual purification over silica gel column chromato-
graphy eluting with 2% EtOAc in hexane furnished ester 5d
(0.493 g, 63%) as a colorless oil; [R]D -40.38 (c 1.05, CHCl3); IR
1
(CHCl3) 1740 cm-1; H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.22 (m, 10H),
5.80-5.60 (m, 1H), 5.10 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J=14.3 Hz,
1H), 3.74 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.44 (d, J=13.8 Hz,
2H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H),
1.70-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.89
(d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H), 0.82 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
174.7, 141.0 (2C), 140.6, 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 116.6,
58.4, 55.6 (2C), 51.7, 46.9, 36.3, 32.4, 27.4, 25.9, 23.8, 23.1; MS
(FAB) m/z 394 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C26H36NO2
[M þ 1] 394.2746, found 394.2758.
Diastereomeric Mixture of Methyl (4R,5S,2R/S)-5-(Dibenzyl-
amino)-4-vinyl-2-allyl Hexanoate (6a). The ester was azeotroped
twice with benzene prior to use. To a solution of ester 5a (0.190 g,
0.541 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78 °C was added KHMDS
(2.7 mL, 1.35 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene) dropwise while stirring for
15 min. Allyl bromide (235 μL, 2.7 mmol) was added, and after
10 min of reaction the mixture was quenched by adding satu-
rated NH4Cl solution (2 mL) and allowed to reach rt. Usual
workup and silica gel column purification (4% EtOAc in
hexanes) afforded ester 6a (0.190 g, 90%, dr=1:1) as a trans-
parent oil; [R]D -59.1 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1735 cm-1; 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.50 (m, 2H),
5.20-4.80 (m, 4H), 3.80 (dd, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (s, 1.5 H),
3.57 (s, 1.5H), 3.30 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.80-2.00 (m, 5H),
1.80-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
176.7, 141.8, 140.8 (2C), 135.8, 129.4 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2
(2C), 117.3, 115.8, 56.3, 54.1 (2C), 51.7, 48.2, 43.3, 38.1, 34.7,
10.6; second set 176.5, 141.6, 140.7 (2C), 135.7, 129.4 (4C), 128.5
(4C), 127.1(2C), 117.2, 115.5, 56.2, 53.8 (2C), 51.7, 48.1, 43.3,
36.0, 34.0, 10.3; MS (FAB) m/z 392 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C26H34NO2 [M þ 1]þ 392.2589, found 392.2587.
Diastereomeric Mixture of Methyl (4R,5S,2R/S)-5-(Dibenzyl-
amino)-4-vinyl-2-allyl Heptanoate (6b). To a solution of ester 5b
(0.190 g, 0.52 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at -78 °C was added
KHMDS (2.6 mL, 1.3 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene) dropwise while
stirring for 15 min. Allyl bromide (226 μL, 2.6 mmol) was added,
and after10 min the mixture was processed as described above
for 6a. Silica gel column purification with 4% EtOAc in hexane
afforded ester 6b (0.180 g, 85%) as a transparent oil; [R]D -52.3
(c 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H),
5.70-5.50 (m, 2H), 5.10-4.90 (m, 4H), 3.80-3.70 (m, 2H),
3.65 (s, 1.5H), 3.59 (s, 1.5H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.00 (m,
5H), 1.80-1.30 (m, 4H), 0.97-0.92 (m, 3H); two sets of carbon
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.5, 140.9 (2C), 135.8 (2C), 129.5 (4C),
128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 117.2, 116.5, 63.3, 55.2(2C), 51.7, 45.2,
43.7, 37.9, 34.5. 19.9, 13.6; second set 176.6, 140.9, 140.5, 135.8
(2C), 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.1 (2C), 117.0, 116.0, 62.5, 55.8
(2C), 51.6, 44.9, 43.4, 36.7, 34.4, 19.5, 13.3; MS (FAB) m/z
Methyl (4R,5S )-5-(Dibenzylamino)-4-vinyl Heptanoate (5b).
Ketene dithioacetal 4b (0.500 g, 1.22 mmol) was taken in a
methanolic solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (12 mL, 0.2
M) and heated at 65 °C for 2 h. After concentration, the reaction
mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and water (2 mL) and
partitioned. The organic phase was concentrated, and usual
purification over silica gel column chromatography eluting with
2.5% EtOAc in hexane furnished ester 5b (0.300 g, 67%) as a
colorless oil; [R]D -62.9 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1739 cm-1; 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.70-5.50 (m, 1H), 5.06
(d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J=17.1 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (d, J=13.7
Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.50 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.40 (m,
1H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.50 (m, 3H),
1.50-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.98 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
174.7, 140.9 (2C), 140.8, 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C),
116.3, 62.6, 55.4 (2C), 51.7, 46.7, 32.4, 27.4, 19.8, 13.5; MS
(FAB) m/z 366 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C24H32NO2
[M þ 1]þ 366.2433, found 366.2427.
Methyl (4R,5S )-5-(Dibenzylamino)-4-vinyl Octanoate (5c).
Ketene dithioacetal (4c). (0.480 g, 1.09 mmol) was taken in a
methanolic solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate (60 mL, 0.2
M solution) and heated at 65 °C for 2 h. After concentration in
vacuo, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (40 mL)
and water (2 mL) and partitioned. The organic phase was
concentrated, and usual purification over silica gel column
chromatography eluting with 3% EtOAc in hexane furnished
J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010 2869

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
406 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C27H36NO2 [M þ 1]þ
for 1 h. After concentration the residue was purified by silica
gel column with a Florisil pad at the top to furnish a thick gum
(0.150g, 95%). This productwastreatedasdescribedabove. After
concentration and passing through a small pad of silica gel, 7b and
its 1-epimer, (dr=5:1) were isolated in quantitative yield; [R]D
-38.7 ( c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1734 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.60 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.70 (m, 5H), 3.60
(d, J = 13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.40 (m, 1H),
2.30-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.60 (m, 2H),
1.50-1.40 (m, 1H), 0.95 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3)
δ 176.8, 140.8, 130.8 (2C), 129.4 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.1 (2C),
125.7, 63.3, 55.1 (2C), 52.1, 40.6, 37.5, 29.9, 28.4, 19.7, 13.3; MS
(FAB) m/z 378 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C25H32NO2
[M þ 1]þ 378.2433, found 378.2422.
406.2746, found 406.2730.
Diastereomeric Mixture of Methyl (4R,5S,2R/S)-5-(Dibenzyl-
amino)-4-vinyl-2-allyl Octanoate (6c). To a solution of ester 5c
(0.200 g, 0.52 mmol) in THF (26 mL) at -78 °C was added
KHMDS (2.6 mL, 1.3 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene) dropwise while
stirring for 10 min. Allyl bromide (227 μL, 2.63 mmol) was
added, and after 10 min the mixture was processed as described
for 6a. Silica gel column purification with 2% EtOAc in hexane
afforded ester 6c (0.200 g, 91%, dr=1:1) as a transparent oil; [R]D
-33.6 (c 1.2,CHCl3); IR (neat) 1737 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
7.40-7.23 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.50 (m, 2H), 5.02-4.96 (m, 4H),
3.80-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 1.5H), 3.60 (s, 1.5H), 3.51-3.41 (m,
2H), 2.65-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.65-1.20 (m, 6H), 0.96 (m, 3H); 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.6, 140.9(2C), 140.5, 135.9, 129.5 (4C), 128.6
(4C), 127.3 (2C), 117.2, 116.3, 61.4, 55.8 (2C), 51.7, 45.5, 43.6,
37.9, 34.5, 29.6, 22.1, 14.9; other set 176.5, 140.8 (2C), 140.5,
135.8, 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.1 (2C), 117.0, 116.1, 60.6, 55.2
(2C), 51.6, 45.4, 43.4, 36.7, 34.4, 29.0, 22.0, 14.9; MS (ESI) m/z
420.3 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C28H38NO2 [M þ 1]þ
420.2897, found 420.2895.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3R-(1S-dibenzylaminobutyl)]-4-cyclo-
hexene (7c) and the (1R) Epimer. To a solution of ester 6c (0.200 g,
0.47mmol) inCH2Cl2 (80mL) was added Grubbs first generation
catalyst (0.020 g, 0.024 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h
at rt. After concentration the crude was purified by silica gel
column with a Florisil pad at the top to furnish a thick gum
(0.176 g, 96%). This product was treated as described above.
Afterconcentration andpassing throughsmallpad of silica gel, 7c
and its 1-epimer (dr=5:1) were isolated in quantitative yield; [R]D
-29.2 ( c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 1737 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
7.40-7.21 (m, 10H), 5.74 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 5.67-5.64 (m, 1H),
3.72 (s, 3H), 3.65 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 4H), 2.63-2.49 (m, 2H),
2.30-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 2H),
1.40-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.88 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3)
δ 176.1, 140.1 (2C), 130.1, 128.7 (4C), 127.7 (4C), 126.4 (2C),
126.3, 60.4, 54.3 (2C), 51.3, 39.8, 36.8, 29.2, 28.6, 27.6, 20.8, 14.0;
MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C26H34NO2
[M þ 1]þ 392.2584, found 392.2599.
Diastereomeric Mixture of Methyl (4R,5S,2R/S)-5-(Dibenzyl-
amino)-4-vinyl-2-allyl-7-methyl Octanoate (6d). To a solution of
ester 5d (0.290 g, 0.73 mmol) in THF (37 mL) at -78 °C was
added KHMDS (3.6 mL, 1.8 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene) dropwise
while stirring for 15 min. Allyl bromide (317 μL, 3.6 mmol) was
added, and after 10 min the mixture was processed as described
for 6a. Silica gel column purification with 4% EtOAc in hexane
afforded ester 6d (0.280 g, 88%, dr =1:1) as a transparent oil;
[R]D -24.5 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CDCl3) 1737 cm-1 1H NMR
;
(CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.20 (m, 10H), 5.80-5.50 (m, 2H), 5.20-4.90
(m, 4H), 3.74 (t, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (s, 1.5H), 3.59 (s, 1.5H),
3.50 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 2.70-2.60 (m,
1H), 2.50-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.50 (m, 2H),
1.50-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.90-0.78 (m, 6H); 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.5, 176.4, 141.0, 140.7, 140.4, 135.9, 135.8,
129.6, 129.5, 128.6, 128.5, 127.3, 127.2, 117.2, 117.0, 116.8,
116.3, 59.4, 58.1, 55.9, 55.5, 51.7, 51.5, 45.3, 45.3, 43.7, 43.5,
37.9, 36.9, 36.5, 35.9, 34.6, 34.5, 26.0, 25.8, 24.1, 23.6, 23.3, 22.9;
MS (FAB) m/z 434 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C29H40NO2 [M þ 1]þ 434.3059, found 434.3045.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3R-(1S-dibenzylaminoisobutyl)]-4-
cyclohexene and the (1R) Epimer (7d). To a solution of ester 6d
(0.220 g, 0.50 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) was added Grubbs first
generation catalyst (0.021 g, 0.025 mmol), and the mixture was
refluxed for 1 h. After concentration the crude was purified by
silica gel column with a Florisil pad at the top to furnish a thick
gum (0.198 g, 97%). After concentration and passing through a
small pad of silica gel, 7d and its 1-epimer (dr = 5.1:1) were
isolated in quantitative yield; [R] -30.5 ( c 1, CHCl3); IR
D
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[5R-(1S-dibenzylaminoethyl)]-3-cyclo-
hexene (7a) and the (1R) Epimer. To a solution of ester 6a (0.190 g,
0.485 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 mL) was added Grubbs first genera-
tion catalyst (8 mg, 0.0097 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed
for 1 h. After concentration, the crude product was purified by
silica gel column with a Florisil pad at the top to furnish the
product 7a as a mixture of isomers (0.170 g, 96%). This product
was refluxed for 48 h with sodium methoxide in methanol (0.5 M,
5 mL), and the solution was cooled to rt. The reaction mixture was
neutralizedwithAmberlite resinandfiltered, and the organiclayer
was concentrated, taken up in MeOH (2 mL), and titrated with
diazomethane. After concentration and passing through small
pad of silica gel, 7a and its 1-epimer (dr=5.5:1) were isolated in
quantitative yield; [R]D þ24.4 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1735
cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.35-7.21 (m, 10 H), 6.20 (d, J=5 Hz,
1H), 5.60 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.78 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H),
3.37-3.34 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.40 (m,
1H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 1H),
1.20-1.00 (m, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
176.9, 140.7, 130.5, 129.3 (4C), 129.1, 128.6 (4C), 127.2 (2C),
124.9, 57.5, 54.3 (2C), 52.1, 40.5, 39.4, 30.3, 28.1, 10.2; MS (FAB)
m/z 364 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C24H30NO2 [M þ 1]
364.2276, found 364.2269.
(CHCl3) 1737 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.10 (m, 10H),
5.80-5.60 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.75 (m, 4H), 3.70-3.50 (m, 3H),
2.70-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.60 (m, 3H),
1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.85 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H),
0.70 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.9, 141.0 (2C),
130.9, 129.5 (4C), 128.5 (4C), 127.2 (2C), 125.9, 58.8, 55.0 (2C),
52.1, 40.6, 37.4, 36.3, 29.9, 28.4, 25.4, 23.6, 22.9; MS (FAB) m/z
406 [M þ 1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C27H36NO2 406.2746,
found 406.2760.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(1S-acetamidoethyl)]-cyclohexane
(8a). To a solution of 7a (0.040 g, 0.11 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL)
was added Pd(OH)2/C (0.080 g). After three times evacuation,
the flask was filled with hydrogen and stirred under 1 atm
hydrogen pressure for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered
through a pad of Celite and concentrated. The crude amine was
taken in a mixture of CH2Cl2 and saturated NaHCO3 (1:1,
4 mL) at 0 °C, acetyl chloride (150 μL) was added, and the
mixture was stirred for 1 h and allowed to come to rt during an
additional 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2
(20 mL), and the organic phase was separated and concentrated.
The crude reaction mixture was purified by silica gel chromato-
graphy (10% MeOH in EtOAc) to give 8a (0.018 g, 72%) as a
white solid. (X-ray provided, see Supporting Information).
Recrystallization from EtOAc-hexanes gave colorless crystals,
mp 110-111 °C; [R]D -31.8 (c 1,CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 3275,1734,
1653cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 1H),
3.60 (s, 3H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H),
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3R-(1S-dibenzylaminopropyl)]-4-cyclo-
hexene (7b) and the (1R) Epimer. To a solution of ester 6b (0.170 g,
0.419 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (80 mL) was added Grubbs first genera-
tion catalyst (17 mg, 0.020 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed
2870 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
1.70-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 4H), 1.10
(d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.6, 169.7, 52.0, 49.4,
43.5, 42.4, 31.2, 29.2, 28.6, 25.6, 23.9, 17.8; MS (FAB) 228 [M þ
1]þ ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C12H21O3N 227.1521, found
227.1525.
The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and
neutralized with dilute HCl, washed with brine, dried (Na2-
SO4), and concentrated. The crude product was used directly
for coupling without purification. To a solution of Boc-protected
amine (16 mg, 0.0408 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added TMSI
(27 μL, 0.195 mmol) at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was
quenched with Na2S2O3 solution and extracted with EtOAc. The
organic layer was washed with NaHCO3 solution and brine,
dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. It was used immediately
without purification. The acid and amine were taken in a mixed
solvent (CH2Cl2-H2O, 1:1; 1 mL), HOBt (6 mg, 0.0408 mmol)
and EDC (8 mg, 0.0408 mmol) were added, and the mixture was
stirred at 4 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with
EtOAc (10 mL), washed with dilute HCl, NaHCO3, and brine,
and dried (Na2SO4). After concentration, the crude product
was purified by silica gel chromatography (5% MeOH in
CH2Cl2) to give 9a (5 mg, 40%) as a white solid; [R]D -27.8
(c 0.205, MeOH); 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 7.27-7.15 (m, 5H),
4.06-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.53 (m, 1H),
3.12 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (dd, J=5.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (dd,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 2.57-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.92 (s,
3H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 1H),
1.50-1.30 (m, 9H), 1.07 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.03 (d, J=6.8 Hz,
3H), 1.00-0.97 (m, 1H), 0.93 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(MeOD) δ 178.9, 178.7, 172.4, 140.1, 130.3 (2C), 129.2 (2C),
127.2, 70.9, 55.9, 50.6, 46.2, 43.4, 39.9, 39.0, 38.6, 37.9, 32.9, 32.5,
30.5, 29.3, 26.3, 22.6, 21.1, 18.5, 17.7, 14.1; MS (ESI) m/z 510.5
[ M þ Na]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C28H45N3O4 487.3410,
found 487.3402
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(1S-acetamidopropyl)]-cyclohex-
ane (8b). To a solution of 7b (0.080 g, 0.212 mmol) in MeOH
(8 mL) was added Pd(OH)2/C (160 mg), and the mixture was
stirred for 2 h under hydrogen pressure (1 atm). After filtration
through small pad of Celite, the organic layer was concentrated
and taken in CH2Cl2 (1.5 mL). Pyridine (51 μL, 0.63 mmol) and
acetic anhydride (59 μL, 0.63 mmol) were added while stirring
for 12 h at rt. The reaction mixture was processed as described
for 8a. Purification by silica gel chromatography (65% EtOAc
in hexane) furnished 8b (0.037 g, 72%) as a white solid; [R]D
1
-36.1 (c 0.285, CHCl3); IR (neat) 3285, 1739, 1648 cm-1; H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.20-5.18 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.73 (m,
1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.30 (t, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.92 (d,
J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 1.87 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 1.71 (d, J=12.7 Hz,
1H), 1.63-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.13 (m, 4H),
1.00-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.89 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
176.6, 170.2, 55.2, 51.9, 43.6, 41.3, 32.1, 29.2, 27.9, 25.6, 24.9,
23.9, 11.0; MS (FAB) m/z 242 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C13H23NO3 241.1677, found 241.1672.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(1S-acetamidopropyl)]-cyclohex-
ane (8c). To a solution of 7c (0.090 g, 0.23 mmol) in MeOH
(9 mL) was added Pd(OH)2/C (180 mg), and the mixture was
stirred for 2 h under hydrogen pressure (1 atm). After filtration
through a small pad of Celite, the organic layer was concen-
trated and taken in CH2Cl2 (1.5 mL). Pyridine (55 μL, 0.69
mmol) and acetic anhydride (65 μL, 0.69 mmol) were added
while stirring for 12 h at rt. The reaction mixture was processed
as described for 8a. Purification by silica gel chromatography
(65% EtOAc in hexane) furnished 8c (0.045 g, 76%) as a white
solid. (X-ray provided, see Supporting Information.) Recrys-
tallization from EtOAc-hexanes gave colorless crystals, mp
138-139 °C; [R]D -38.8 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 3285, 1734, 1641
(1R,3S)-3-[(S)-1-Acetamidopropyl)]-N-[(2S,3S,5R)-6-(butyl-
amino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenylhexan-2-yl)]cyclo-
hexanecarboxamide (9b). To a solution of 8b (8 mg, 0.0332
mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added LiOH solution (100 μL,
1 N solution in water), and the mixture was stirred for 12 h at rt.
The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and
neutralized with dilute HCl, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4),
and concentrated. The crude product was used directly for
coupling without purification. To a solution of Boc-protected
amine (26 mg, 0.0664 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added TMSI
(38 μL, 0.26 mmol) at rt for 30 min.. The reaction mixture was
processed as described for 9a. The acid and amine were taken in
a mixed solvent (CH2Cl2-H2O, 1:1, 1 mL), HOBt (9 mg, 0.065
mmol) and EDC (13 mg, 0.066 mmol) were added, and the
mixture was stirred at 4 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was
diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with dilute HCl,
NaHCO3, and brine, and dried (Na2SO4). After concentration,
the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography
(5% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to give 9b (8 mg, 50%) as white solid;
[R]D -24 (c 0.22, MeOH); 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 7.26-7.16 (m,
5H), 4.04-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.54 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (t, J=7.1
Hz, 2H), 2.73 (dd, J=5.8, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (dd, J=9.4, 9.3 Hz,
1H), 2.57-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 3H),
1.85-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 2H),
1.50-1.40 (m, 4H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 7H), 1.08 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H),
1.05-0.99 (m, 1H), 0.93 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (t, J=7.4 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (MeOD) δ 177.9, 177.7, 172.1, 139.2, 129.3 (2C),
128.3 (2C), 126.2, 69.9, 55.6, 54.9, 45.4, 41.3, 39.0, 38.1, 37.7,
37.0, 32.6, 31.6, 29.6, 27.8, 25.4, 24.4, 21.5, 20.0, 17.5, 13.0, 9.8;
MS (ESI) m/z 502.2 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C29H48N3O4 [M þ 1]þ 502.3567, found 502.3599.
1
cm-1; H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.20-5.10 (bs, 1H), 3.88-3.86 (m,
1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.94 (m,
2H), 1.89-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.10 (m, 7H),
0.90 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 175.8, 169.4, 52.7,
51.2, 42.8, 40.9, 33.5, 31.2, 28.4, 27.2, 24.8, 23.2, 19.1, 13.6; MS
(ESI) m/z 256.1 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C14H26NO3
256.1834, found 256.1828.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[5S-(1S-acetamidoisobutyl)]-cyclohex-
ane (8d). To a solution of 7d (0.080 g, 0.197 mmol) in MeOH
(10 mL) was added Pd(OH)2/C (0.160 g), and the mixture was
stirred for 2 h under hydrogen pressure (1 atm). After filtration
through a small pad of Celite, the organic layer was concentrated
and taken in CH2Cl2 (2 mL). Pyridine (48 μL, 0.59 mmol) and
acetic anhydride (55 μL, 0.59 mmol) were added while stirring
for 12 h at rt. The reaction mixture was processed as described
for 8a. After concentration, the residue was purified by silica gel
chromatography (70% EtOAc in hexane) to furnish 8d (0.037 g,
70%) as a transparent oil; [R]D -54.8 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (neat)
3284, 1737, 1647 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.15-5.12 (d, J=9.4
Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.34-2.28 (t, J=3.5
Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.96 (d, J=11.5 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (d, J=11.5
Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.20 (m, 9H), 1.00-0.80 (m, 6H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 175.9, 169.3, 51.3, 50.9, 42.8, 41.4, 40.5, 31.1, 28.5,
27.2, 24.8, 24.6, 23.3, 23.2, 21.4; MS (ESI) m/z 270.1 [M þ 1]þ;
HRMS (FAB) calcd for C15H28NO3 [M þ 1]þ 270.1991, found
270.1991.
(1R,3S)-3-[(S)-1-Acetamidobutyl)]-N-[(2S,3S,5R)-6-(butyl-
amino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenylhexan-2-yl)]cyclo-
hexanecarboxamide (9c). To a solution of 8c (10 mg, 0.039
mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added LiOH solution (150 μL,
1 N solution in water), and the mixture was stirred for 12 h at rt.
The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), neutra-
lized with dilute HCl, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and
concentrated. The crude product was used directly for coupling
(1R,3S)-3-[(S)-1-Acetamidoethyl)]-N-[(2S,3S,5R)-6-(butyl-
amino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenylhexan-2-yl)]cyclohex-
anecarboxamide (9a). To a solution of 8a (6.2 mg, 0.0273 mmol)
in MeOH (1 mL) was added lithium hydroxide solution (100 μL,
1 N solution in water), and the mixture was stirred for 12 h at rt.
J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010 2871

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
without purification. To a solution of Boc-protected amine
(16 mg, 0.039 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added TMSI
(22 μL) at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was processed
as described for 9a. The acid and amine were taken in a mixed
solvent (CH2Cl2-H2O, 1:1, 1 mL), HOBt (5.3 mg, 0.039 mmol)
and EDC (7.5 mg, 0.039 mmol) were added, and the mixture was
stirred at 4 °C for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with
EtOAc (10 mL) and washed with dilute HCl, NaHCO3, and
brine, and dried (Na2SO4). After concentration, the crude
product was purified by silica gel chromatography (5% MeOH
in CH2Cl2) to give 9c (8 mg, 40%) as white solid; [R]D -50
[R]D þ 2.4 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1740 cm-1
;
1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.79-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.05 (dd, J=
17.2, 11.8 Hz, 2H), 4.80 (dd, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s,
3H), 3.31-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.74 (dd, J=4.1, 4.2
Hz, 1H), 2.37 (dd, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 1.91-1.86 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, J=
7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 173.6,
139.1, 138.2, 128.8 (2C), 128.1 (2C), 128.07, 116.8, 96.9, 87.1,
70.6, 51.8, 44.1, 36.4, 31.0, 20.6, 17.3; MS (ESI) m/z 329.3 [M þ
Na]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C18H27O4 [M þ 1]þ 307.1904,
found 307.1906.
2-((3R,4R)-4-(Benzyloxymethoxy)-5-methyl-3-vinylhexyli-
dene-1,3-dithiane (12). To a solution of ester 11 (0.612 g, 2 mmol)
in THF (20 mL) at 0 °C was added DIBAL-H (3 mL, 4.5 mmol,
1.5 M in toluene), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. The
reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH (5 mL) followed by
addition of Rochelle salt solution (15 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL)
while stirring for 2 h. The organic layer was partitioned, washed
with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The residue
was purified by passing through a small pad silica gel using 15%
EtOAc in hexanes as eluent to give the alcohol (0.511 g, 92%) as
a colorless viscous oil; [R]D -7.2 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 3416
(c 0.25, MeOH:CHCl3[1:1]); IR (neat) 3315, 1648, 1630 cm-1
;
1H NMR (MeOD-CDCl3 [5:1]) δ 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.59-7.48
(m,4H), 4.38 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (bs,1H), 3.86 (m, 1H),
3.44 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.22 (dd, J=5.7, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (dd,
J=9.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.85-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.55 (s, 1H), 2.50-2.40
(m, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 3H),
1.90 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.50 (m, 12H), 1.40 (d, J=6.8 Hz,
4H), 1.25 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (MeOD-CDCl3 [5:1]) δ
177.2, 177.0, 171.2, 138.2, 128.6 (2C), 127.6 (2C), 125.6, 68.9,
53.9, 52.9, 44.6, 40.8, 38.3, 37.5, 36.8, 36.5, 32.9, 31.7, 30.8, 29.3,
28.8, 27.1, 24.7, 21.1, 19.4, 18.7, 16.8, 12.8, 12.6; MS (ESI) m/z
516 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C30H50N3O4 [M þ 1]þ
516.3723, found 516.3720.
cm-1; H NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.77-5.67 (m,
1
1H), 5.13-5.07 (m, 2H), 4.84 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H),
3.75-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.26 (m, 1H),
2.49-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.54 (m, 2H), 0.98
(d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
140.4, 138.3, 128.8 (2C), 128.2 (2C), 128.1, 116.6, 97.0, 88.2,
70.6, 61.4, 44.8, 33.3, 30.9, 20.7, 17.5; MS (ESI) m/z 279.2
[M þ 1]þ; HRMS (ESI) calcd for C17H26O3Na [M þ 23]þ
301.1774, found 301.1779.
(1R,3S)-3-[(S)-1-Acetamido-3-methylbutyl)]-N-[(2S,3S,5R)-
6-(butylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenylhexan-2-yl)]-
cyclohexanecarboxamide (9d). To a solution of 8d (10 mg, 0.037
mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added LiOH solution (100 μL, 1 N
solution in water), and the mixture was stirred for 12 h at rt. The
reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL) and neutra-
lized with dilute HCl, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and
concentrated. The crude product was used directly for coupling
without purification. To a solution of Boc-protected amine
(15 mg, 0.038 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added TMSI
(27 μL, 0.195 mmol) at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture
was processed as described for 9a. The acid and amine were
taken in a solution of cosolvent (CH2Cl2-H2O, 1:1, 1 mL),
HOBt (5 mg, 0.037 mmol) and EDC (7 mg, 0.041 mmol) were
added, and the mixture was stirred at 4 °C for 24 h. The reaction
mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), washed with dilute
HCl, NaHCO3, and brine, and dried (Na2SO4). After concen-
tration, the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatog-
raphy (5% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to give 9d (7 mg, 40%) as a white
solid; [R]D -52.8 (c 0.25, MeOH); 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 7.20-
7.00 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68-6.60 (m, 4H), 4.40 (bs, 1H),
3.92-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.13
(t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (dd, J=4.8, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (dd, J=7.9,
8.1 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.12 (s, 3H),
2.12-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.77 (m, 2H),
1.70-1.51 (m, 11H), 1.37 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 3H), 1.32-1.24 (m, 6H),
1.20 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (MeOD) δ 178.9, 178.8, 172.8,
140.1, 130.3 (2C), 129.3 (2C), 127.3, 70.8, 55.9, 52.8, 46.4, 43.3,
41.8, 39.9, 39.1, 38.6, 37.9, 33.5, 32.6, 30.7, 28.8, 26.4, 26.2, 24.0,
22.5, 22.0, 21.1, 18.6, 14.1; MS (ESI) m/z 530.4 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS
(FAB) calcd for C31H52N3O4 530.3880, found 530.3892.
Methyl (3R,4R)-4-(Benzyloxymethoxy)-5-methyl-3-vinyl Hex-
anoate (11). To a suspension of copper(I) iodide (5.71 g, 30 mmol)
in THF (100 mL) at -78 °C was added vinylmagnesium bromide
(60 mL, 1 M solution in THF) dropwise during 20 min, and the
mixture was stirred for 45 min. The unsaturated ester 10 (1.39 g,
5 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added, followed by TMSCl
(11.4 mL, 90 mmol) while stirring for 4 h. The reaction mixture
was quenched with NH4OH-NH4Cl solution (1:1, 100 mL) and
allowed to come to rt. The organic layer was separated, washed
with satd NH4Cl solution and brine, dried over Na2SO4, and
concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography using 5% EtOAc in hexanes to furnish the
major isomer 11 (1.35 g, dr=9:1) as a colorless oil in 88% yield;
To a stirring solution of oxalyl chloride (92 μL, 1.0 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (8 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (212 μL, 3 mmol),
and after 10 min the alcohol (0.260 g, 0.93 mmol) in CH2Cl2
(2 mL) was added and stirred for 30 min. After addition of
i-Pr2NEt (695 μL, 4 mmol) the reaction mixture was stirred at
-78 °C for 30 min, and then the dry ice bath was removed to
allow the mixture to warm to rt during 30 min. The reaction
mixture was quenched with water (2 mL) and extracted with C
H2Cl2 (3 ꢀ 10 mL). The organic layer was washed with 10%
citric acid solution (10 mL), washed with brine, and dried over
Na2SO4. After concentration, the residue was purified by silica
gel chromatography (9% EtOAc in hexanes) to furnish the
corresponding aldehyde (0.190 g, 74%) as colorless viscous
oil; [R]D -3.6 (c 1.25, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1725 cm-1 1H
;
NMR (CDCl3) δ 9.70 (t, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.28 (m, 5H),
5.80-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.15 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (d, J=8.9 Hz,
1H), 4.77 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 4.65 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (dd,
J=4.0, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.98-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.72 (dd, J=2.0, 5.0 Hz,
1H), 2.69-2.44 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.88 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, J=7.0 Hz,
3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 202.5, 139.2,
138.2, 128.8 (2C), 128.1 (3C), 117.0, 96.9, 87.3, 70.7, 45.5, 42.2,
30.9, 20.5, 17.2; MS (ESI) m/z 279.2 [M þ 3]þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C17H25O3 [M þ 1]þ 277.1798, found 277.1796.
To a stirring solution of 2-phosphoryl 1,3-dithiane (0.180 g,
0.7 mmol) in THF (8 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi (500 μL,
0.8 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise during 15 min. After 1 h,
the aldehyde (0.190 g, 0.68 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added, the
mixture was stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and the cooling bath
was removed. The reaction mixture was quenched after 1 h by
adding water (3 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The
organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and
concentrated. The purification of crude product over silica gel
column chromatography using 10% EtOAc in hexanes furni-
shed ketene dithioacetal 12 (0.240 g) in 93% yield as a trans-
parent oil; [R]D þ 30.6 (c 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
7.37-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.96 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.69-5.62 (m,
1H), 5.06 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.71 (s,
2H), 3.28 (dd, J=4.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (q, J=6.1 Hz, 4H),
2872 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
2.68-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.36-2.15 (m, 4H), 1.92-1.91 (m, 1H), 0.98
(d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
139.8, 138.4, 133.5, 128.8 (2C), 128.2 (2C), 128.0, 126.5, 116.7,
96.9, 87.5, 70.6, 47.7, 31.0, 30.9, 30.7, 30.1, 25.7, 20.9, 17.4; MS
(ESI) m/z 381.3 [M þ 3]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C21H31O2S2
[M þ 1]þ 379.1760, found 379.1758.
0.0206 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 12 h. After
concentration, the crude product along with starting material
was purified by silica gel chromatography (12% EtOAc in
hexanes) to furnish the bicyclic lactone, 17 (0.025 g, 41%). Diene
16 was recovered (45%), and recycled by refluxing DBU in
1
CH2Cl2); [R]D þ76.4 (c 1.2,CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1731 cm-1; H
Methyl (5R,4R)-5-(O-Benzyloxymethoxy)-4-vinyl-6-methyl
Heptanoate (13). Ketene dithioacetal 12 (0.225 g, 0.59 mmol) was
dissolved in a methanolic solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate
(10 mL, 0.2 M solution) and heated at 65 °C for 2 h. After
concentration, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc
(40 mL) and water (2 mL). The organic phase was concentrated,
and usual purification over silica gel chromatography eluting
with 4% EtOAc in hexanes furnished 13 (0.130 g, 68%) as a
colorless oil; [R]D þ 1.4 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1739 cm-1; 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.64-5.55 (m, 1H), 5.10 (d,
J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J=17.0 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.69 (s,
2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.24 (dd, J=4.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.43-2.41 (m,
1H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 1H),
1.59-1.54 (m, 1H), 0.98 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 174.6, 139.7, 138.4, 128.8 (2C), 128.2
(2C), 128.0, 117.2, 97.0, 87.9, 70.6, 51.8, 47.7, 32.5, 31.0, 25.4,
20.7, 17.3; MS (ESI) m/z 343.3 [M þ Na]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd
for C19H29O4 [M þ 1]þ 321.2060, found 321.2062.
NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.89-5.85 (m, 1H), 5.82-5.77 (m, 1H), 3.86 (d,
J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.50 (bs, 1H), 2.49-2.44 (m,
1H), 2.37-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.11 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.08-1.92 (m,
1H), 1.75 (dd, J=7.9, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.15 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.94
(d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 174.9, 129.3, 127.9, 89.9,
35.7, 32.5, 31.7, 29.1, 22.5, 20.4, 19.5; MS (ESI) m/z 181.1
[M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C11H17O2 [M þ 1]þ 181.1223,
found 181.1225.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3R-(1R-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)]-4-
cyclohexene (18). Bicyclic lactone 17 (0.025 g) was dissolved in a
methanolic solution of sodium methoxide (0.5 M, 2 mL) at 0 °C
and stirred for 30 min. The solution was diluted with CHCl3
(10 mL), neutralized with Amberlite resin, and filtered. After
concentration, 18 (0.022 g, 74%) was isolated as a colorless oil;
1
[R]D -1.5 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 3478, 1736 cm-1; H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 5.92-5.90 (m, 1H), 5.55 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s,
3H), 3.23 (dd, J=7.9, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.25
(m, 2H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m,
1H), 1.00 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 176.5, 129.7, 128.9, 79.9, 52.1, 39.8, 39.4, 30.6, 28.2,
25.4, 19.6, 19.1; MS (ESI) m/z 213.2 [M þ 1] þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C12H21O3 [M þ 1]þ 213.1485, found 213.1484.
Diastereomeric Mixture of Methyl (5R,4R,2R,S)-5-(O-
Benzyloxymethoxy)-4-vinyl-2-allyl-6-methyl Heptanoate (14).
To a solution of ester 13 (0.130 g, 0.40 mmol) in THF (20 mL)
at -78 °C was added KHMDS (2 mL, 1 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene)
dropwise while stirring for 15 min. Allyl bromide (173 μL,
2 mmol) was added and the reaction was followed by TLC after
15 min. The mixture was quenched by adding saturated NH4Cl
solution (5 mL) and allowed to reach rt. Usual workup and
purification by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in
hexanes) afforded ester 14 (0.110 g, 76%, dr=1:1) as a transparent
(4R,3R)-1-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy-4-hydroxy-3-vinyl-5-
methyl Hexanol (19). To a solution of alcohol resulting from the
reduction of 11 (2.2 g, 7.91 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (80 mL) were added
DMAP (2.89 g, 23.73 mmol) and TBSCl (1.31 g, 8.7 mmol) while
stirring for 30 min at rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with
CH2Cl2 (100 mL), washed with dilute HCl solution (1 N) and
brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The residue was
passed through a small pad of silica gel to furnish TBS ether 19
1
oil; [R]D -1.45 (c 1.1,CHCl3); IR (neat) 1739 cm-1; H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.77-5.55 (m, 2H), 5.11-4.99 (m,
4H), 4.84-4.74 (m, 2H), 4.75-4.60 (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 1.7H), 3.62 (s,
1.3H), 3.24-3.18 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.25 (m, 3H),
2.10-2.00 (m.0.5H), 1.95-1.80 (m, 1.5H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 0.5H),
1.50-1.30 (m, 0.5H), 1.00-0.80 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ
176.3, 140.0, 138.4, 135.8, 128.8 (2C), 128.1 (2C), 128.0, 117.2,
97.1, 88.6, 70.5, 51.7, 45.8, 43.4, 38.0, 32.0, 31.1, 20.8, 20.4, 17.9;
for 2-epimer 176.6, 139.8, 138.3, 135.7, 128.8 (2C), 128.1 (2C),
128.0, 117.2, 117.1, 116.9, 97.1, 88.1, 70.6, 51.7, 46.3, 43.7, 36.1,
31.9, 30.9, 17.4; MS (ESI) m/z 383.4 [M þ Na] þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C22H33O4 [M þ 1]þ 361.2373, found 361.2370.
1
(2.9 g, 93%) as a transparent oil; [R]D þ 3.8 (c 1, CHCl3); H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 7.38-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.70-5.63 (m, 1H), 5.07 (s,
1H), 5.03 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 4.69 (s,
2H), 3.69-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.25 (t, J=5.5 Hz,
1H), 2.47-2.44 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.46 (m, 1H),
0.97 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.05 (s, 6H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 140.6, 139.8, 128.8 (2C), 128.2 (2C), 128.0, 116.3,
96.9, 88.4, 70.5, 61.5, 43.9, 32.9, 31.0, 26.3 (3C), 20.7, 18.7, 18.0,
-4.8 (2C); MS (ESI) m/z 393.3 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (ESI) calcd for
C23H40O3SiNa [M þ 23]þ 415.2638, found 415.2640.
(3R,5R,6R)-3-Allyl-6-isopropyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-
2-one (15) and (3S,5R,6R)-3-Allyl-6-isopropyl-5-vinyltetrahy-
dro-2H-pyran-2-one (16). To a solution of ester 14 (0.110 g, 0.30
mmol) in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) at -78 °C was added TMSBr (1.2 mL, 9
mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to -30 °C while stirring
for 1 h, then quenched by adding NH4Cl solution, and allowed to
come to rt. The organic layer was diluted with CH2Cl2 (25 mL),
partitioned, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The crude product
was purified by silica gel chromatography (6% EtOAc in hexane)
to give a mixture of lactones 15 and 16 (0.056 g, 89%) as a colorless
gum; [R]D þ 73.4 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 1734 cm-1; 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 5.95-5.50 (m, 2H), 5.25-5.00 (m, 4H), 4.00 (dd, J=
8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.25 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.07 (dd,
J=6.9,6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (dd, J=6.9, 6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 173.4, 137.5, 135.3, 118.2, 117.8, 88.6, 41.9, 40.6, 36.3,
32.6, 30.2, 20.2, 14.5; second set- 175.4, 137.7, 135.6, 117.9, 117.4,
85.2, 39.7, 37.5, 35.6, 30.7, 29.7, 20.3, 14.7; MS (ESI) m/z 209.1
[M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C13H21O2 [M þ 1]þ 209.1536,
found 209.1531.
Sodium (0.704 g, 30.6 g atom) was placed in three neck round-
bottom flask, and liquid ammonia (∼ 250 mL) was condensed at
-78 °C while the solution became greenish blue. The TBS ether
(1 g, 2.55 mmol) in THF (7 mL) was added while stirring for 1 h.
The cooling bath was removed, and NH3 was refluxed at rt for
2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with careful addition of
solid NH4Cl until it became colorless, and excess NH3 was
removed by a stream of N2. The residue was extracted with ether
(75 mL ꢀ 3) and purified by silica gel chromatography using 4%
EtOAc in hexanes to afford alcohol 19 (0.55 g, 79%) as a
colorless oil; [R]D þ0.7 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 3437 cm-1
;
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.74-5.67 (m, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 5.05 (d, J=
5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.25
(dd, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.36 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.78 (m, 2H),
1.67-1.60 (m, 1H), 0.97 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.90 (d,
J=5.5 Hz, 3H), 0.08 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 140.4, 116.0,
78.9, 61.4, 45.1, 33.3, 30.8, 26.3 (3C), 20.5, 18.6, 16.3, -5.0 (2C);
MS (ESI) m/z 273.1 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C15H33O2Si [M þ 1]þ 273.2244, found 273.2240.
(1R,4R,5R)-4-Isopropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-2-one (17).
To a solution of lactones 15 and 16 (0.055 g, 0.26 mmol) in CH2-
Cl2 (20 mL) was added first generation Grubbs catalyst (17 mg,
(4S,3R)-4-Azido-3-vinyl-5-methyl Hexanal (20). To a solution
of alcohol 19 (0.51 g, 1.87 mmol) in THF (19 mL) at 0 °C was
added triphenylphosphine (2.454 g, 9.37 mmol), and the mixture
J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010 2873

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
was stirred for a minute. DIAD (1.85 mL, 9.37 mmol) was added
dropwise, and a white precipitate appeared while stirring for
5 min. DPPA (2.018 mL, 9.37 mmol) was added dropwise at
0 °C, and the reaction mixture was allowed to come to rt and
stirred for 24 h. After concentration, the residue was purified by
silica gel chromatography using 5% EtOAc in hexanes to give
azide 20 (0.40 g, 72%) as a colorless transparent oil; [R]D -39.6
Methyl (5S,4R)-5-Azido-4-vinyl-6-methyl Heptanoate (22).
Ketene dithioacetal 21 (0.220 g, 0.77 mmol) was dissolved in a
methanolic solution of CuSO4 (30 mL, 0.2 M) and heated at
65 °C for 2.5 h. After concentration, the residue was diluted with
EtOAc (40 mL) and water (5 mL). The organic layer was
concentrated and purified by column (3% EtOAc in hexanes)
to give ester 22 (0.150 g, 85%) as a colorless viscous oil; [R]D
1
(c 1.25, CHCl3); IR (neat) 2099 cm-1
;
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
-63.8 (c 1.25, CHCl3); IR (neat) 2100, 1740 cm-1; H NMR
5.72-5.50 (m, 1H), 5.18 (dd, J=10.3, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J=
15.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.59 (m, 1H), 2.96
(q, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.50 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.75 (m, 1H),
1.75-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.02 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.6 Hz,
3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 137.5, 118.1,
74.2, 60.6, 43.1, 35.8, 31.3, 26.3 (3C), 20.2, 19.6, 18.6, -4.9 (2C);
MS (ESI) m/z 298.1 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C15H32N3OSi [M þ 1]þ 298.2309, found 298.2306.
(CDCl3) δ 5.63-5.56 (m, 1H), 5.18 (dd, J=10.3, 1.0 Hz, 1H),
5.12 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.97 (dd, J=4.5, 4.6 Hz,
1H), 2.39-2.27 (m, 3H), 1.87-1.73 (m, 3H), 1.04 (d, J=6.6 Hz,
3H), 0.98 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 174.2, 136.9,
118.9, 74.0, 52.0, 46.6, 31.9, 31.3, 27.9, 20.2, 19.3; MS (ESI) m/z
198.1 [M - N2 þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C11H20N3O2 [M þ
1]þ 226.1550, found 226.1544.
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(1S-azido-2-methylpropyl)]-4-cyclo-
hexene (23) and the (1R)-Epimer. To a solution of ester 22
(0.150 g, 0.66 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at -78 °C was added
KHMDS (3.3 mL, 1.65 mmol, 0.5 M in toluene) solution while
stirring for 5 min. Allyl bromide (285 μL, 3.3 mmol) was added,
and the reaction was followed by TLC (ca. 5 min). The reaction
mixture was quenched with water (7 mL) and allowed to come to
rt. The organic layer was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL), dried
(Na2SO4), and concentrated. The crude product was purified by
silica gel chromatography (2% EtOAc in hexanes) to furnish
allylation product (0.115 g, 65%, dr=1:1) as a colorless oil; [R]D
To a solution of the above TBS ether (0.400 g, 1.35 mmol) in
THF (15 mL) was added Bu4NF (1.35 mL, 1.35 mmol, 1 M in
THF), and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at rt. After concen-
tration, the residue was purified by chromatography using 20%
EtOAc in hexanes to furnish the corresponding alcohol (0.230 g,
93%) as a colorless oil; [R]D -63.18 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (neat)
3341, 2097 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.71-5.62 (m, 1H), 5.19
(dd, J=17.6, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.76-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.61 (m,
1H), 2.94 (dd, J=4.6, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.54 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.60
(m, 4H), 1.02 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 3H); 13
C
-54.2 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 2100, 1737 cm-1 1H NMR
;
NMR (CDCl3) δ 137.4, 118.4, 74.3, 60.8, 43.7, 35.7, 31.3, 20.1,
19.7; MS (ESI) m/z 187.2 [M - N2 þ MeOH]þ; HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C9H18N3O [M þ 1]þ 184.1444, found 184.1441.
To a solution of oxalyl chloride (138 μL, 1.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2
(10 mL) at -78 °C was added DMSO (289 μL, 4.08 mmol)
dropwise, and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The alcohol
(0.250 g, 1.36 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added while stirring
for 30 min, and then i-Pr2NEt (945 μL, 5.44 mmol) was added.
After 30 min the cooling bath was removed and allowed to come
to rt during 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with
water (5 mL), extracted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL), and washed with
10% citric acid solution and brine. The organic layer was dried
(Na2SO4), concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromato-
graphy with 4% EtOAc in hexanes to give aldehyde 20 (0.240 g,
97%) as a transparent viscous oil; [R]D -38.9 (c 1, CHCl3); IR
(neat) 2100, 1726 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 9.76 (t, J=1.6 Hz,
1H), 5.79-5.70 (m, 1H), 5.19 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.98 (m,
2H), 2.67 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 2H), 1.86-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.07 (d, J=6.6
Hz, 3H), 1.02 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 201.3,
135.8, 118.9, 72.9, 47.0, 40.8, 31.5, 19.9 (2C); HRMS (FAB)
calcd for C9H16N3O [M þ 1]þ 182.1288, found 182.1286.
2-[(3R,4S)-4-Azido-5-methyl-3-vinylhexylidene)]-1,3-dithiane
(21). To a solution of 2-phosphoryl 1,3-dithiane (0.371 g, 1.45
mmol) in THF (15 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi (0.9 mL,
1.45 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane), and the mixture was stirred for 1 h.
The aldehyde 20 (0.240 g, 1.32 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added
while stirring for 15 min. The cooling bath was removed, and
stirring was continued for 30 min. The reaction mixture was
quenched with NH4Cl solution (5 mL) extracted with ether
(50 mL), and the organic layer was concentrated and purified by
silica gel chromatography (2% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford
ketene dithioacetal 21 (0.276 g, 73%) as a pale yellow oil; [R ]D
-1.36 (c 1.1, CHCl3); IR (neat) 2099 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ
5.90 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.71-5.65 (m, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J=17.1,
10.4 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (dd, J=4.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.85 (m, 4H),
2.55-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 1H),
2.16-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.05 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H),
0.95 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 137.1, 131.3, 128.1,
118.1, 73.1, 46.4, 33.0, 31.6, 30.7, 29.9, 25.5, 20.2, 19.7; MS (ESI)
m/z 288.1 [M - N2 þ MeOH]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for
C13H22N3S2 [M þ 1]þ 284.1250, found 284.1250.
(CDCl3) δ 5.79-5.56 (m, 2H), 5.25-5.00 (m, 4H), 3.73 (s,
1.5H), 3.70 (s, 1.5H), 2.99-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.50 (m, 1H),
2.50-2.25 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H),
1.10-0.95 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.1, 137.1, 135.3,
119.1, 117.6, 74.4, 51.8, 45.4, 43.0, 37.8, 34.7, 31.3, 20.2, 19.1;
another set of carbons 176.1, 137.0, 135.3, 118.3, 117.5, 73.3,
51.8, 44.8, 43.0, 36.4, 34.5, 31.2, 20.1, 19.6; MS (ESI) m/z 238.1
[M - N2 þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C14H24N3O2 [M þ 1]þ
266.1863, found 266.1861.
To a solution of the above product (0.029 g, 0.11 mmol) in
CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was added Grubbs second generation catalyst
(13 mg, 0.0153 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at rt.
After concentration, the residue was purified by silica gel
chromatography (3% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the corre-
sponding cyclohexene (0.024 g, 93%) as a colorless gum. The
epimeric mixture of products was dissolved in a methanolic
solution of NaOMe (0.5 M, 3 mL), and the mixture was refluxed
for 48 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was neutralized with
Amberlite resin and diluted with CHCl3 (15 mL), and filtered,
and the organic layer was concentrated, dissolved in MeOH
(5 mL), and then treated with excess diazomethane at 0 °C. After
1 h, the solution was concentrated, and the oily residue was
passed through a small pad of silica gel to furnish nonseparable
equilibrated product 23 (dr=4.2:1) in almost quantitative yield;
[R]D þ68.6 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 2099, 1737 cm-1; 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 5.87-5.82 (m, 1H), 5.78-5.73 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H),
2.89 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 2.70-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.49-2.40 (bs, 1H),
2.35-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.51 (q, J=11.5 Hz, 1H),
1.04 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.99 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 176.2, 127.8, 127.4, 74.2, 52.2, 39.9, 38.6, 30.6, 30.0,
28.2, 20.9, 17.8; MS (ESI) m/z 241.0 [M - N2 þ MeOH]þ;
HRMS (ESI) calcd for C12H19N3O2Na [M þ 23]þ 260.1369,
found 260.1376..
(1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(1S-acetamido-2-methylpropyl)]-
cyclohexane (24). To a solution of 23 (0.040 g, 0.168 mmol) in
MeOH (12 mL) was added Pd(OH)2/C (0.080 g, 20 wt %), and
the suspension was stirred for 3 h under hydrogen pressure
(1 atm). After filtration through small pad of Celite, the organic
layer was concentrated, and the residue was taken up in CH2Cl2
(2 mL). Pyridine (41 μL, 0.504 mmol) and acetic anhydride
(48 μL, 0.504 mmol) were added while stirring for 12 h at rt.
2874 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (12 mL), washed
with dilute HCl solution and brine, and dried (Na2SO4). After
concentration, the residue was purified by silica gel chromato-
graphy (80% EtOAc in hexanes) to furnish amide 24 (0.034 g,
79%) as a white crystalline solid. (X-ray provided. See Support-
ing Information.) Recrystallization from EtOAc and hexanes
gave colorless crystals, mp 122-124 °C; [R]D -9.0 (c 0.5, CHCl3)
; IR (CHCl3) 3290, 1735, 1648 cm-1 ; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 5.10
(d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 2.36 (t, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.02 (s,
3H), 1.98-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.67 (m, 3H),
1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 3H), 0.93 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H),
0.85 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 176.5, 170.4, 58.5,
52.0, 43.7, 39.4, 33.2, 29.1 (2C), 27.6, 25.5, 23.8, 20.5, 17.7; MS
(ESI) m/z 256.1 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C14H26NO3
256.1834, found 256.1866.
(1R,3S)-3-[(S)-1-Acetamido-2-methylpropyl)]-N-[(2S,3S,5R)-
6-(butylamino)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-1-phenylhexan-2-yl)]-
cyclohexanecarboxamide (25). To a solution of 24 (7 mg, 0.027
mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added LiOH solution (100 μL, 1 N
solution in water) and then stirred for 12 h at rt. The reaction
mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), neutralized with dilute
HCl, washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated. The
crude product was used directly for coupling without purifica-
tion. To a solution of Boc-protected amine (15 mg, 0.038 mmol)
in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was added TMSI (27 μL, 0.195 mmol) at rt for
30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with Na2S2O3
solution and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was
washed with NHCO3 solution and brine, dried (Na2SO4), and
concentrated. It was used immediately without purification. The
acid and amine were dissolved in a mixed solvent (CH2Cl2-
H2O, 1:1, 1 mL), and HOBt (5.5 mg, 0.041 mmol) and EDC (7.9
mg, 0.041 mmol) were added and stirred at 4 °C for 24 h. The
reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), washed with
dilute HCl, NaHCO3, and brine, and dried (Na2SO4). After
concentration, the crude product was purified by silica gel
chromatography (5% MeOH in CH2Cl2) to give amide 25 (6.5
mg, 40%) as a white solid; [R]D -36.4 (c 0.25, MeOH); IR
(CHCl3) 3308, 1629 cm-1; 1H NMR (MeOD) δ 7.59 (d, J=10.1
Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.04 (bs,
1H), 3.57-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.48-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.32
(exchangeable 4H), 3.14 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (dd, J=5.4,
5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (dd, J=9.8, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.54 (m, 1H),
2.20-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.51-1.28
(m, 10H), 1.10 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 0.91 (d,
J=6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (MeOD) δ
177.9, 177.7, 172.4, 139.1, 129.3 (2C), 128.3 (2C), 126.2, 78.5,
70.0, 60.5, 58.9, 54.8, 45.3, 38.9, 38.8, 38.0, 37.6, 36.9, 33.5, 31.6,
29.4, 28.7, 27.5, 25.3, 21.4, 20.1, 19.8, 19.5, 17.6, 16.6, 13.5, 13.1;
MS (ESI) m/z 516 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C30H50-
N3O4 516.3723 [M þ 1]þ, found 516.3736.
[M þ 1]þ, ee=89%. The enantiomeric excess of the less polar syn-
isomer was determined by RP-HPLC analysis with a CHIRAL-
PAK AD-RH column (see Supporting Information). For the
more polar anti-isomer 28: [R]20 þ15°(c 0.1, CHCl3); IR
D
(CHCl3) 1542, 1714, cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.36
(m, 1H), 2.45-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.17-2.08 (m,
1H), 2.05-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.78 (m, 1H),1.73-1.61 (m, 1H),
1.50-1.36 (m, 1H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3) δ 208.33, 93.87, 43.02, 40.98, 40.53, 27.33, 24.09,
23.73,10.01; MS (FAB) m/z 186 [Mþ1]þ, ee =74%. The enan-
tiomeric excess of the more polar isomer was determined by RP-
HPLC analysis with CHIRALPAK AD-RH column (see Sup-
porting Information).
(3S)-[(1S-Nitrobutyl)]cyclohexanone (29) and (3S)-[(1R-Nitro-
butyl)]cyclohexanone (30). A mixture of 2-cyclohexene-1-one
(0.100 mL, 1.04 mmol), 1-nitrobutane (0.220 mL, 2.08 mmol),
2,5-dimethylpiperazine (0.120 g, 1.04 mmol), and a catalytic
amount of D-proline (12 mg, 10 mol %) was stirred in reagent
grade chloroform (8 mL) for 48 h at rt. The reaction mixture was
diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with aqueous HCl (3%). The
organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered, evaporated, and
chromatographed (EtOAc-hexanes, 1:4) to obtain a 1:2 dia-
stereomeric mixture of 29 and 30 as a colorless oils (0.200 g,
97%). A portion of the crude product was separated by silica gel
chromatography for characterization. For the less polar syn-
isomer 29: [R]D -18 (c 0.1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1548, 1717,
cm-1 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.42-4.36 (m, 1H),
;
2.54-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 2H)
2.05-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.44 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.96
(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 208.26, 92.11,
44.56, 41.36, 40.57, 32.32, 27.07, 23.83, 18.72, 13.01; MS (FAB)
m/z 200 [M þ 1]þ, ee =89%. The enantiomeric excess of the less
polar isomer was determined by RP-HPLC analysis with a
CHIRALPAK AD-RH column (see Supporting Information).
For the more polar anti-isomer 30: [R]20D þ 20° ( c 0.1, CHCl3); IR
(CHCl3) 1548, 1717, cm-1 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ
;
4.48-4.43 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.33-2.20 (m, 3H),
2.19-2.11 (m, 1 H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.62 (m, 2H),
1.52-1.20 (m, 3H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75
MHz, CDCl3) δ 209.52, 93.25, 44.17, 42.37, 41.75, 33.50, 28.58,
25.29, 20.05, 14.25; MS (FAB) m/z 200 [M þ 1]þ, ee=71%. The
enantiomeric excess of the more polar isomer was determined by
RP-HPLC analysis with a CHIRALPAK AD-RH column (see
Supporting Information).
Diastereomeric Mixture of 2-{(3S)-[(1S)-Nitropropyl]cyclo-
hexylidene}-1,3-dithiane (31) and the (1R) Epimer. To a stirring
solution of [1,3]dithian-2-yl-phosphonic acid diethyl ester (0.097
g, 0.378 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi
(0.258 mL, 0.412 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise during
15 min. After 1 h 27 (0.07 g, 0.378 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was
added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 min at -78 °C and then
allowed to warm to rt. The reaction mixture was quenched after
1 h by adding a saturated solution of NH4Cl (2 mL) and
extracted with EtOAc (3 ꢀ 10 mL). The organic phase was
washed with brine, dried, and concentrated, and the residue was
purified by silica gel chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to
give 31 as a colorless oil (0.092 g, 85%); [R]D -0.91 (c 1, CHCl3);
IR (CHCl3) 1547 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 4.33-4.25 (m, 1H),
3.09-2.88 (m, 5H), 2.16-1.66 (m, 9H), 1.40-1.26 (m, 2H), 0.98
(t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 140.04, 94.19, 40.96,
33.57, 31.12, 29.93, 29.85, 28.57, 24.78, 24.61, 24.29, 10.00; MS
(FAB) m/z 288 [M þ 1] þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C13H22NO2S2
[M þ 1]þ 288.1086, found 288.1082.
(3S)-[(1S-Nitropropyl)]cyclohexanone (27) and (3S)-[(1R-
Nitropropyl)]cyclohexanone (28). A mixture of 2-cyclohexene-
1-one 26 (0.100 mL, 1.04 mmol), 1-nitropropane (0.195 mL, 2.18
mmol), 2,5-dimethylpiperazine (0.120 g, 1.04 mmol), and a cata-
lytic amount of D-proline (12 mg, 10 mol %) was stirred in reagent
grade chloroform (8 mL) for 48 h at rt. The reaction mixture was
diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with aqueous HCl (3%). The
organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and evaporated, and
the residue was purified by chromatography (EtOAc-hexanes
1:4) to obtain a 1:2.2 diastereomeric mixture of 27 and 28 as a
colorless oil (0.162 g, 84%). A portion of the crude product was
separated by column chromatography for characterization. For
the less polar syn-isomer 27: [R]D -26 (c 0.1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3)
1542, 1714 cm-1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.31 (m, 1H),
2.54-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.24 (m, 2H) 2.16-2.08 (m, 2H),
2.03-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.72-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 1H), 0.97
(t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 208.32, 93.86,
43.52, 41.16, 40.59, 27.13, 23.83, 23.74, 9.89; MS (FAB) m/z 186
Diastereomeric Mixture of 2-{(3S)-[(1S)-Nitrobutyl]cyclo-
hexylidene}-1,3-dithiane (32) and the (1R) Epimer. To a stirring
solution of [1,3]dithian-2-yl-phosphonic aciddiethyl ester (0.129 g,
0.502 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at -78 °C was added n-BuLi
(0.48 mL, 0.552 mmol, 1.6 M in hexane) dropwise during 15 min.
J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010 2875

Hanessian et al.
JOCArticle
After 1 h, ketone 29 (0.100 g, 0.502 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was
added and stirred for 15 min at -78 °C, and then cooling bath was
removed. The reaction mixture was quenched after 1 h by adding a
saturated solution of NH4Cl (2 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(3 ꢀ 10 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over
Na2SO4, and concentrated. The purification of crude product by
column chromatography (5% EtOAcin hexanes) furnished ketene
dithioacetal 32 as a colorless oil (0.124 g, 82%); [R]D -1.3 (c 1,
Diastereomeric Mixture of (1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(30S)-
1-nitrobutyl]-cyclohexane (35), (1R)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(30S)-
1-nitrobutyl]-cyclohexane (36), and Their (30R)-1-Nitropropyl
or Butyl Isomers. A solution of 32 (0.120 g, 0.398 mmol),
mercuric chloride (0.752 g, 1.59 mmol), methanol (7 mL), and
perchloric acid (0.17 mL of a 70% aqueous solution, 1.19 mmol)
was heated at reflux for 2 h. After cooling and filtration, the
reaction mixture was neutralized with saturated solution of
NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic
extract were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concen-
trated to give a 1:1 diasteriomeric mixture of the ester 35 and 36
as a colorless oil (0.069 g, 72%). A portion of the crude product
was separated by column chromatography for characterization.
For 35 (0.32 g): [R]D -13.7 (c 1, CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1548, 1733
cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 4.27 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m,
1H), 2.03-1.56 (m, 7H), 1.33-1.15 (m, 1H), 0.94 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
3H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 175.76, 94.16, 52.02, 43.04, 40.90,
32.95, 31.38, 28.96, 28.91, 25.03, 19.57, 13.76; MS (FAB) m/z
244 [M þ 1] þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd for C12H22NO4 [M þ 1]þ
244.1543, found 244.1538.
1
CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1547 cm-1; H NMR (CDCl3) δ 4.30 (m,
1H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 3H), 1.99-1.73 (m, 9H),
1.41-1.28 (m, 6H), 0.95 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR δ 140.66,
119.54, 93.20, 41.92, 34.36, 33.61, 31.88, 30.60, 29.28, 25.52, 25.37,
19.66, 13.91; MS (FAB) m/z 302 [M þ 1]þ; HRMS (FAB) calcd
for C14H24NO2S2 [M þ 1]þ 302.1243, found 302.1241.
Diastereomeric Mixture of (1S)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(30S)-
1-nitropropyl]-cyclohexane (33), (1R)-Methoxycarbonyl-[3S-(30S)-
1-nitropropyl]-cyclohexane (34), and Their (30R)-1-Nitropropyl
Epimers. A solution of 31 (0.09 g, 0.313 mmol), mercuric chloride
(0.591 g, 1.25 mmol), methanol (6 mL), and perchloric acid (0.132
mL of a 70% aqueous solution, 0.939 mmol) was heated at reflux
for 2 h. After cooling and filtration, the reaction mixture was
neutralized with a saturated solution of NaHCO3 and extracted
with dichloromethane. The combined organic extracts were
washed with brine, dried, and concentrated, and the residue was
purified by silica gel chromatography (EtOAc-hexanes 1:4) to
give a 1:1 mixture of ester 33 and 34 as a colorless oil (0.057 g,
80%). A portion of the crude product was separated by chromato-
graphy for characterization. For 33 (0.027 g): [R]D -9.0 (c 1,
CHCl3); IR (CHCl3) 1549, 1735 cm-1; 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 4.21
(m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.18-1.84 (m, 6H), 1.65-1.58
(m, 1H), 1.33-1.04 (m, 4H), 0.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 175.91, 96.03, 52.17, 43.07, 31.36, 29.06, 28.93, 25.05,
24.39, 10.79; MS (FAB) m/z288 [M þ 1]þ;HRMS(FAB) calcdfor
C11H19NO4 [M þ 1]þ 229.1314 found 229.1309.
Acknowledgment. We thank NSERC and Novartis (Basel,
Switzerland) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Michel
Simard and the X-ray unit for crystallographic analyses, as
^
ꢁ
well as Benoit Deschenes-Simard, Alexandre Giguere, and
Nicolas Boyer for assistance in preparing the Supporting
Information and schemes.
Supporting Information Available: Complete crystallo-
1
graphic data for compounds 8a, 8c, 24; copies of H and 13C
NMR spectra for all the new compounds; chiral RP-HPLC
chromatograms of compounds 27-30 This material is available
free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
2876 J. Org. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2010