Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic evaluation of certain new 3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/ardp.201100020

In an effort to establish new candidates with improved analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, we reported here the synthesis and in-vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory evaluation of various series of 2-substituted-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-benzeno-be

Full text of DOI:10.1002/ardp.201100020

Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
543
Full Paper
Synthesis, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Evaluation of Certain
New 3a,4,9,9a-Tetrahydro-4,9-benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones
A. A. Abu-Hashem1 and M. A. Gouda2
1 Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
In an effort to establish new candidates with improved analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities,
we reported here the synthesis and in-vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory evaluation of various
series of 2-substituted-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-benzeno-benz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones: [4-Bromobutoxy]
6, 5-bromopentoxy 7, [4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)butoxy] 9, [5-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)pentoxy] 10,
2-(2(4)-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl/4-oxobutyl 17, 19, [2(4)-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl/
4-oxobutyl 20, 22, [2(4)-morpholino-2-oxoethyl/4-oxobutyl] 23, 25, and 2(4)-(piperidin-1-yl)2-oxoethyl/
4-oxobutyl) 26 and 28. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by (IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, and
mass spectra). The representative compounds were evaluated as analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activities. Compounds 9, 19, 22, 25, and 28 exhibited activities higher than the reference drug.
Keywords: Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities / Dibenzobarallene / Isoindoles / Secondary amines
Received: January 18, 2010; Revised: March 20, 2011; Accepted: April 6, 2011
DOI 10.1002/ardp.201100020
Introduction
They have been found that the chain length of the alkylene
bridge and the nature of the imide part were crucial for
the activity (Fig. 1). On the other hand, N-pyridinyl(alkyl)-
phthalimides and N(-v-aminoalkyl)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-
benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones were reported to possess
anti-inflammatory [11, 21]. Furthermore, 4-alkoxy-2-[2-hydroxy-3-
(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl) propyl]-6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-
1,3(2H)-diones display analgesic activity [22]. These biological
data prompted us to synthesize some new N(-v-aminoalkyl)-
3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-benzeno-benz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones
starting from dibenzobarallene [23], in order to investigate
their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity and to
examine the effect of chain length of the alkylene bridge
and amines on the activity.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among
the most widely used therapeutics, primarily for the treat-
ment of pain and inflammation in arthritis for decades.
However, long-term clinical usage of NSAIDs is associated
with significant side effects of gastrointestinal lesions, bleed-
ing, and nephrotoxicity.
Therefore, the discovery of new safer anti-inflammatory
drugs represents a challenging goal for such a research area
[1–4]. It is evident from the literature that imide moiety is an
integral part of structures of various important molecules
such as fumaramidmycin [5, 6] granulatimide [7], isogranu-
latimide [8], rebeccamycin [9], and thalidomide [10, 11]. These
molecules are reported to exhibit wide variety of biological
activities such as antitumor [12, 13], anti-inflammatory [14], Results and discussion
and antimicrobial [15]. Furthermore, N(-v-aminoalkyl)imide 1
is an important pharmacolophore for central nervous system
(CNS) depressant activity. Samant and Kulkarni have been
reported the preparation and CNS depressant activity
of a series of N-[(4-aryl-1-piprazinyl)alkyl]imides 2 [16–20].
Chemistry
The target compounds were synthesized as outlined in
Schemes 1–3. Starting compound 3 reacted with hydroxyl-
amine as reported by Saikia et al. [24] to give 4. Subsequent
reaction of 4 with 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane
or 1,5-dibromopentane furnished the corresponding cyclic
imides 5–7, respectively (Scheme 1). The structures 5–7
were confirmed on the basis of analytical and spectral data.
The 1H-NMR spectrum of 6 displayed multiplet signals
Correspondence: M. A. Gouda, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University,
Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
E-mail: dr_mostafa_chem@yahoo.com
Fax: þ2050 2246781
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544
A. A. Abu-Hashem and M. A. Gouda
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
zine ring in 9 was confirmed by the 1H-NMR spectrum, in
which multiplet signals appeared at d 2.57–2.58 and 3.12–
3.18 ppm, also, compound 10 displayed multiple signals
at d 1.26–1.27, 1.33–1.34, 2.59–2.61, and 3.12–3.21 ppm
corresponding to 18 protons of nine methylene groups.
The 13C-NMR spectrum of 9 revealed characteristic signals
at d 76.9, 49.2, 25.8, and 22.2 due to butyl carbons.
O
O
R1
R
N
(CH2)n
N
N
(CH2)n
N
N
R2
O
O
1
2
Figure 1. Structure of N(-v-aminoalkyl)imide 1 and N-[(4-aryl-1-
piprazinyl)-alkyl]imides 2 moieties.
An attempt was also made to introduce a 2-oxoethyl,
3-oxypropyl or 4-oxobuyl linker between the nitrogen
atoms of the imides group and piperazine ring, respectively.
Therefore, the 2-ethanoic, 3-propanoic, and 4-butanoic acid
derivatives 11–13 were prepared according to the previously
reported method [25].
at d 1.45-1.55, 1.86–1.88, and 3.36–3.38 ppm corresponding
to (CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–) protons. Furthermore, the
1H-NMR of 7 revealed multiplet signals at d 1.37–1.39,
1.55–1.56, 1.77–1.78, 3.12–3.14, and 3.36–3.37 due to
(CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2) protons. Treatment of 5, 6, or 7
with N-phenylpiperazine in DMF afforded the corresponding
3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl derivative 8, 4-(4-phenylpi-
perazin-1-yl)butyl derivative 9, and 5-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-
yl)pentyl derivative 10, respectively. The presence of pipera-
Reaction of 11–13 with thionyl chloride gave the acyl
chloride derivatives 14–16 which on treatment with
N-phenylpiperazine or N-methylpiperazine in methylene
chloride containing a catalytic amount of triethylamine
gave the corresponding amides 17–19 or 20–22, respectively.
2
1
7
8
O
3
O
6
H2 H2
10
1
3
11
12
9
4
Br
Br
C
C
H2N OH. HCl
Pyridine, HCl
n
5
O
5
N
OH
DMF/ TEA
9
6
4
O
O
8
3
7
4
O
O
Ph N
NH
H2 H2
H2 H2
N
O
Br
C
C
N
O
O
N
N Ph
C
C
n
n
DMF/ TEA
O
5, n= 2
6, n= 3
7, n= 4
8, n= 2
9, n= 3
10, n= 4
Scheme 1. Route for synthesis of benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives 8–10.
2
1
7
8
O
O
3
6
H2
C
1
3
10
9
11
12
4
H2N
COOH
H2
C
5
n
N
O
COOH
5
n
dioxane, Na2CO3
HCl, H2O
4
9
6
O
O
11, n= 1
12, n= 2
13, n= 3
8
7
3
SOCl2
7
8
O
1
6
O
C Cl
9
H2
5
N
C
n
4
3
O
14, n= 1
15, n= 2
16, n= 3
Scheme 2. Synthesis of acid chloride deriva-
tives 14–16.
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
Bioactive benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones
545
7
8
7
8
O
O
6
6
X
HN
1
1
9
O
C Cl
9
O
C
H2
C
H2
C
5
5
N
O
X
N
N
n
n
CH2Cl2/ TEA
4
4
3
3
O
14, n= 1
15, n= 2
16, n= 3
17, n= 1, X= N-Ph
18, n= 2, X= N-Ph
19, n= 3, X= N-Ph
23, n= 1, X= O
24, n= 2, X= O
25, n= 3, X= O
20, n= 1, X= N-CH3
21, n= 2, X= N-CH3
22, n= 3, X= N-CH3
26, n= 1, X= CH2
27, n= 2, X= CH2
28, n= 3, X= CH2
Scheme 3. Synthesis of 2-(substituted)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives 17–28.
1
The H-NMR spectrum of 17 and 19 displayed multiplet sig-
nals overlapping in the range at d (3.35–3.44, 3.66–3.70) and
(3.22–3.40, 3.55–3.80 ppm) due to eight protons of the piper-
azine ring respectively. Furthermore, 20 and 22 revealed
singlet signals at d 2.27 and 2.28 ppm, respectively, due to
protons of methyl group. The 13C-NMR spectrum of com-
pound 17 exhibited signals at d 39.1, 45.5, 47.3, 49.3, 49.5,
34.2, 41.2, 45.0, 46.6, and 167.9 ppm characteristic for
piperazine and CH2CO carbon atoms, respectively. Also,
the 13C-NMR spectrum of 22 revealed signals at d 39.9,
37.8, 45.3, 45.9, 64.9, 54.6, 54.9, and 169.9 ppm characteristic
for N(CH2)2 of piperazine and (CH2CH2–CH2–CO) carbons,
respectively, and an additional signal at d 22.8 characteristic
for methyl group.
rest of compounds showed moderate activities. On the other
hand, all the tested compounds are more potent than the
starting compound 3 (Table 1).
Analgesic Activity
The analgesic activity was determined by hot plate test
(central analgesic activity) and acetic acid induced writhing
assay. The results (Tables 2 and 3) revealed that all tested
compounds exhibited significant activity. Compound 9, 19,
22, 25, and 28 exhibited activities higher than the reference
drug. Furthermore, all synthesized compounds were more
potent than the starting material 3.
Table 1. Percent anti-inflammatory activity of the tested
compounds (carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats)
Similarly, imides 23–25 and 26–28 were obtained by the
reaction of 14, 15 or 16 with morpholine and piperidine,
respectively. The 1H-NMR spectrum of 23 displayed multiplet
overlapping in the range of d 3.28–3.34 and d 3.61–3.62 ppm
due to eight protons of the morpholine ring. The 1H-NMR
spectrum of 25 revealed signals of analogous moiety at d
3.18–3.19 and d 3.68–3.69 ppm. Furthermore, compound
26 displayed multiplets overlapping in the range of d 1.49–
1.65 and d 3.20–3.45 ppm due to eight protons of the piper-
idine ring. Moreover, the 1H-NMR spectrum of 28 revealed
signals of analogous moiety at d 1.75–2.04 and d 3.16–
3.26 ppm. The 13C-NMR spectrum of 23 revealed signals at
d 39.0, 42.4, 45.5, 47.2, 66.2, 66.7, and 163.3 ppm character-
istic for morpholine and CH2CO carbons, respectively,
furthermore the piperidine and (CH2CH2–CH2–CO) carbon
atoms of 28 appeared at 22.9, 24.5, 25.5, 26.3, 30.1, 38.0,
46.3, 46.7, and 168.0 ppm, respectively.
Compd. No.
Percent protection
2 hours
1 hour
3 hours
3
6
7
8
9
10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
39.8 ꢀ 1.42ꢁ
49.1 ꢀ 1.28ꢁ
46.6 ꢀ 1.55ꢁꢁ
42.2 ꢀ 1.39
42.3 ꢀ 1.42ꢁ
25.3 ꢀ 1.32ꢁ
53.4 ꢀ 1.40ꢁꢁ 42.0 ꢀ 1.35ꢁ
48.7 ꢀ 1.41ꢁ
38.7 ꢀ 1.42ꢁ
31.2 ꢀ 1.34ꢁ
45.3 ꢀ 1.60ꢁ
39.4 ꢀ 1.10ꢁ
44.9 ꢀ 1.84ꢁ
42.9 ꢀ 1.63ꢁ
42.6 ꢀ 1.48ꢁ
60.2 ꢀ 1.82ꢁꢁ 60.1 ꢀ 1.55ꢁ
46.5 ꢀ 2.27ꢁ
49.7 ꢀ 2.44ꢁꢁ
42.4 ꢀ 1.65
44.3 ꢀ 1.75ꢁ
57.2 ꢀ 1.65ꢁꢁ
45.9 ꢀ 1.47
57.3 ꢀ 1.38ꢁꢁ 61.0 ꢀ 1.68ꢁꢁ 41.5 ꢀ 1.08ꢁ
46.4 ꢀ 1.55ꢁꢁ
48.7 ꢀ 1.42ꢁꢁ
38.7 ꢀ 1.40ꢁ
40.6 ꢀ 1.44
40.3 ꢀ 1.44
28.5 ꢀ 1.53ꢁ
59.4 ꢀ 1.05ꢁꢁ 62.3 ꢀ 2.02ꢁꢁ 46.4 ꢀ 1.25ꢁ
46.8 ꢀ 2.29ꢁ
44.3 ꢀ 1.84ꢁ
39.4 ꢀ 1.06ꢁ
42.1 ꢀ 1.24ꢁ
33.1 ꢀ 1.27ꢁ
32.4 ꢀ 1.21ꢁ
30.5 ꢀ 1.83ꢁ
3.3 ꢀ 0.95
59.6 ꢀ 1.40ꢁꢁ 59.2 ꢀ 1.30ꢁ
42.4 ꢀ 1.65ꢁ
45.9 ꢀ 1.48ꢁ
43.20 ꢀ 1.61ꢁ
53.0 ꢀ 1.97ꢁꢁ 42.0 ꢀ 1.94ꢁ
50.1 ꢀ 1.51ꢁꢁ 56.2 ꢀ1.64ꢁꢁ
Biological activity
Anti-inflammatory activity
44.1 ꢀ 1.83ꢁ
6.2 ꢀ 0.28
49.0 ꢀ 1.14
5.8 ꢀ 0.43
Control
Diclofenac sodium
52.5 ꢀ 0.94ꢁ
60.4 ꢀ 1.54ꢁꢁ 42.1 ꢀ 1.38ꢁ
Anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds
was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema test in
rats. The data in Table 1 showed that compounds 9, 19, 22,
and 25 are more potent than Diclofenac sodium, while the
Each value represents the mean ꢀ SE (n ¼ 6).Significance levels
ꢁp < 0.5, ꢁꢁp < 0.001 as compared with respective control
Dose (20 mg/kg). For the selected tested compound
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546
A. A. Abu-Hashem and M. A. Gouda
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
Table 2. Central analgesic activity (Hot plate test)
Group
Reaction time (min)
0 min
30 min
60 min
90 min
3
6
7
8
5.50 ꢀ 0.58
8.10 ꢀ 0.52
7.01 ꢀ 0.10
5.70 ꢀ 0.60
9.10 ꢀ 0.30
6.55 ꢀ 0.09
8.05 ꢀ 0.30
5.90 ꢀ 0.75
8.40 ꢀ 0.60
7.20 ꢀ 0.30
6.09 ꢀ 0.92
8.92 ꢀ 0.66
7.35 ꢀ 0.35
9.05 ꢀ 0.28
5.75 ꢀ 0.65
6.10 ꢀ 0.98
8.25 ꢀ 0.39
6.20 ꢀ 0.55
8.24 ꢀ 0.34
6.50 ꢀ 0.40
9.80 ꢀ 0.25 a
8.55 ꢀ 0.80
6.60 ꢀ 0.49
9.22 ꢀ 0.42a
7.50 ꢀ 0.25 b
8.80 ꢀ 0.30a
6.80 ꢀ 0.60
8.60 ꢀ 0.32
8.40 ꢀ 0.40
7.95 ꢀ 0.75
9.18 ꢀ 0.58 a
9.38 ꢀ 0.40 a
10.10 ꢀ 0.25 b
6.70 ꢀ 0.50
7.99 ꢀ 0.79
9.55 ꢀ 0.45
7.05 ꢀ 0.75 a
8.20 ꢀ 0.38 b
10.03 ꢀ 0.12 a
9.01 ꢀ 0.70
11.60 ꢀ 0.55 a
10.90 ꢀ 0.90 a
9.05 ꢀ 0.78
10.01 ꢀ 0.22 a
11.80 ꢀ 0.45 a
11.10 ꢀ 0.70 a b
10.05 ꢀ 0.25a
11.55 ꢀ 0.55a b
11.90 ꢀ 0.32 a
10.45 ꢀ 0.45 b
10.40 ꢀ 0.29 a
9.22 ꢀ 0.46 b
10.40 ꢀ 0.12 b
11.55 ꢀ 0.42 a
11.09 ꢀ 0.25b
11.60 ꢀ 0.50 a b
7.62 ꢀ 0.52b
9
10.35 ꢀ 0.25 a
8.58 ꢀ 0.56 a
9.86 ꢀ 0.55a
9.48 ꢀ 0.90
10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
Control
9.05 ꢀ 0.55 b
9.80 ꢀ 0.22
10.18 ꢀ 1.25
10.79 ꢀ 0.46 a
10.20 ꢀ 0.25 a
10.70 ꢀ 0.23 b
9.09 ꢀ 0.80
10.08 ꢀ 0.26 a
11.60 ꢀ 0.45 a
10.35 ꢀ 0.15 b
12.60 ꢀ 0.60 a
9.60 ꢀ 0.45 b
13.15 ꢀ 0.38 a
10.25 ꢀ 1.25
9.60 ꢀ 0.50
9.50 ꢀ 0.80 a
8.70 ꢀ 0.50 b
11.39 ꢀ 0.53 a
Diclofenac sodium 6.49 ꢀ 0.40
a
b
P < 0.05: Statistically significant from Control. (Dunnett’s test). P < 0.05: Statistically significant from ASA. (Dunnett’s test)ꢁ
Significant at P < 0.0. Values represent the mean ꢀ SE of six animals for each group.
Table 3. Percent analgesic activity (Peripheral, writhing test)
Compd. No.
Percent protection
30 min
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
3
6
7
8
9
10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
38.40 ꢀ 1.40ꢁ
61.2 ꢀ 1.51ꢁꢁ
46.8 ꢀ 1.51ꢁꢁ
39.40 ꢀ 1.55
72.5 ꢀ 1.01ꢁꢁ
45.0 ꢀ 1.90ꢁ
60.8 ꢀ 1.15ꢁ
41.0 ꢀ 1.60ꢁ
62.4 ꢀ 1.15ꢁ
50.5 ꢀ 1.34ꢁꢁ
41.6 ꢀ 1.16ꢁꢁ
68.0 ꢀ 1.05
60.2 ꢀ 1.51ꢁꢁ
69.0 ꢀ 1.05ꢁꢁ
40.5 ꢀ 1.60ꢁ
42.5 ꢀ 1.44ꢁ
62.1 ꢀ 1.15ꢁ
44.5 ꢀ 1.90ꢁ
02.0 ꢀ 0.35
45.0 ꢀ 095ꢁ
43 ꢀ 1.20ꢁ
68 ꢀ 1.55ꢁꢁ
52 ꢀ 1.49ꢁꢁꢁ
44 ꢀ 1.25
47.1 ꢀ 1.75
73.3 ꢀ 1.80ꢁꢁ
59.2 ꢀ 1.69
48.2 ꢀ 1.85
76.6 ꢀ 1.30
55.6 ꢀ 1.38
68.2 ꢀ 1.03ꢁꢁ
49.5 ꢀ 1.90
68.4 ꢀ 1.03ꢁꢁ
55.4 ꢀ 1.37
48.6 ꢀ 1.36ꢁꢁ
72.4 ꢀ 1.50
73.3 ꢀ 1.82ꢁꢁ
74.4 ꢀ 1.50ꢁꢁ
49.2 ꢀ 1.90
49.5 ꢀ 1.94
68.4 ꢀ 1.03ꢁꢁ
52.1 ꢀ 1.15
04.0 ꢀ 0.58
61 ꢀ 1.49ꢁ
30.10 ꢀ 1.20ꢁ
47.3 ꢀ 170ꢁ
65.2 ꢀ 1.31ꢁꢁ
30.72 ꢀ 1.25
62.3 ꢀ 1.35ꢁꢁ
36.3 ꢀ 1.20ꢁ
49.8 ꢀ 1.70ꢁ
33.2 ꢀ 1.33ꢁ
50.2 ꢀ 1.73ꢁ
37.5 ꢀ 1.49ꢁ
36.4 ꢀ 1,75ꢁ
57.2 ꢀ 1.16ꢁ
46.3 ꢀ 1.70ꢁ
57.4 ꢀ 1.17ꢁ
32.8 ꢀ 1.30ꢁ
37.8ꢀ 1.39ꢁ
50.3 ꢀ 1.72ꢁ
38.2 ꢀ 1.80ꢁ
04.0 ꢀ 0.90
38 ꢀ 1.13ꢁ
75.3 ꢀ 1.35ꢁꢁꢁ
53 ꢀ 1.40
64.1 ꢀ 1.30ꢁꢁꢁ
45 ꢀ 1.30
64.3 ꢀ 1.31ꢁꢁ
52 ꢀ 1.02ꢁꢁ
47 ꢀ 1.32ꢁꢁ
71 ꢀ 1.90
68 ꢀ 1.55ꢁꢁ
72 ꢀ 1.90ꢁꢁ
45 ꢀ 1.30ꢁ
53 ꢀ 1.27ꢁ
64.3 ꢀ 1.31ꢁꢁ
48 ꢀ 1.35ꢁ
05.0 ꢀ 0.50
54.2 ꢀ 1.16ꢁ
Control
Diclofenac sodium
Each value represents the mean ꢀ SE (n ¼ 6).Significance levels ꢁp < 0.5, ꢁꢁp < 0.001 as compared with respective control. Dose
(20 mg/kg). For the selected tested compound.
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
Bioactive benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones
547
Egypt). The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on JEOL-
ECA500 (National Research Center, Giza, Egypt) and chemical
shifts were expressed as d values against TMS as internal
standards. The mass spectra were recorded on GCMS-QP 1000
EX Shimadzu Japan (Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer).
The microanalytical data were performed by the Microanalytical
Center at National Research Center, Egypt. Biological activities
were carried out at the Regional Center for Mycology and
Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
Compounds 5, 8, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 were prepared according
to the previously reported procedures [26].
By comparing the results obtained from anti-inflammatory
and analgesic activities of the tested compounds to their
structures, the following structure activity relationships
(SAR’s) were postulated: (i) All imide derivatives are more
potent than furandione derivative 3 which may attributable
to the replacement of furandione moiety by pyrrolodinone.
(ii) Compound 6 is more potent than 7 and compound 9
is more potent than 8 and 10 which may attributable to
presence of propoxy moiety. (iii) Compounds 19, 22, 25,
and 28 are more potent than (17, 19), (20, 21) (23, 24),
and (26, 27), respectively, which may attributable to
presence of butanone moiety. (iv) Compound 22 is
more potent than compounds 19, 25, and 28 which may
attributable to the presence of N-methyl piperazine moiety
(Fig. 2).
[2-(4-Bromobutoxy) and (5-bromopentoxy)]-3a,4,9,9a-
tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-
1,3(2H)-dione 6 and 7
General procedure
Compound 4 (5.83 g, 0.02 mol) was added portion-wise to a
mixture of the corresponding halide, namely 1,4-dibromobutane
(5.4 g, 0.025 mol) or 1,5-dibromopentane (5.74 g, 0.025 mol),
and triethylamine (2.51 mL, 0.018 mol), in DMF (20 mL) and
the reaction mixture was refluxed at 85–958C for 3–5 h. The
reaction mixture was poured into ice water (25 mL), the precipi-
tated solid was filtered off, dried and recrystallized from
benzene/ethanol (20 mL, fr ¼ 3:1 for 6 and fr ¼ 2:1 for 7) to
give pure products 6 and 7, respectively.
Conclusion
The prepared new ring systems seem to be interesting for
biological activity studies. Furthermore, the present investi-
gation offers rapid and effective new procedures for the
synthesis of new isoindoles. It is worth mentioning that
the chain length of the alkylene bridge at the 2-position of
the isoindole was crucial for the anti-inflammatory activity,
also, the butylene chain was ideal for the anti-inflammatory
and analgesic activities as in the case of compounds 9, 19, 22,
25, and 28.
Compound 6: White crystals, yield, 83%, mp: 1708C, IR (KBr):
nmax, cmꢂ1: 2963 (aliphatic C–H), 1771, 1718 (2 C O), 1221 (N–O),
–
–
662 (C–Br). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.45–1.55 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.86–1.88
(m, 2H, CH2), 3.12–3.17 (m, 4H, H-11, H-12, CH2-Br), 3.36–3.38 (m,
2H, CH2O), 4.8 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 7.18–7.25 (m, 8H, H, aryl). MS: m/z
(%) ¼ 427 (Mþ þ 1, 0.8), 425 (Mþ, 0.8), 333 (0.5), 284 (0.8), 252
(2.4), 226 (1.5), 204 (0.4), 202 (0.4), 178 (100), 135 (6.5), 80 (22.1).
Anal. calcd. for C22H20BrNO3 (426.3): C, 61.98; H, 4.73; N, 3.29%.
Found: C, 62.06; H, 4.79; N, 3.33%.
Experimental
All melting points are in degree centigrade were determined on
Gallenkamp electric melting point apparatus. The IR spectra
were recorded on a Perkin Elmer Infrared Spectrophotometer
Model 157 (Mansoura University, Faculty of Science, Mansoura,
Compound 7; White crystals, yield, 76%, mp: 128–1308C, IR
(KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2963 (aliphatic C–H), 1771, 1718 (2 C O), 1221
–
–
(N–O), 662 (C–Br). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.37–1.39, (m, 2H, CH2), 1.55–
1.56 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.77–1.78 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.12–3.14 (m, 4H, H-11,
O
O
O
N
O
O
(CH2)3 R'
N
R
O
O
O
3
7, R'= Br, 9, R'= N-phenylpiperazinyl
O
O
O
O
N
O
N
O
(CH2)3 C N
X
(CH2)3 C N
N CH3
19, X= N-phenyl
22, X= N-methyl
25, X= O
22
28, X= CH2
Figure 2. Structure activity relationships (SAR’s) of the investigated compounds.
ß 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
www.archpharm.com

548
A. A. Abu-Hashem and M. A. Gouda
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
H-12, CH2-Br), 3.36–3.37 (m, 2H, CH2O), 4.80 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10),
7.16–7.38 (m, 8H, H, aryl). MS: m/z (%) ¼ 441 (Mþ þ 1, 3.4), 439
(Mþ, 3.4), 298 (2.9), 372 (2.9), 308 (3.9), 263 (4.3), 250 (4.2), 204
(5.5), 202 (3.3), 186 (8.1), 178 (3.9), 82 (8.3), 75 (100), 55 (19.7). Anal.
calcd. for C23H22BrNO3 (440.33): C, 62.74; H, 5.04; N, 3.18%.
Found: C, 62.78; H, 5.07; N, 3.24%.
Reactions of 2(4)-[1,3-dioxo-3a,4-dihydro-4,9-
[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindol-2(3H,9H,9aH)-yl]
[(ethanoyl), (butanoyl)] chlorides (14), (16) with
secondary amines
General procedure
[2-(4-(4-Phenylpiperazin-1-yl)butoxy)] and [2-(5-(4-
phenylpiperazin-1-yl)pentoxy)]3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-
4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones
9 and 10
A mixture of 14 (1.76 g, 0.005 mol) or 16 (1.899 g, 0.005 mol),
triethylamine (0.56 mL, 0.004 mol), and the corresponding
amines, namely N-phenylpiperazine (0.81 g, 0.005 mol), N-meth-
ylpiperazine (0.5 g, 0.005 mol), morpholine (0.44 g, 0.005 mol)
or piperidine (0.43 g, 0.005 mol) (each amine was reacted with
compounds 14 and 16, respectively) was refluxed in dichloro-
methane (30 mL) for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated under
reduced pressure and the residue was washed with aqueous
ethanol (20 mL, 80 vol. %). The obtained solid was crystallized
from the appropriate solvent to give 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, and
28, respectively.
General procedure
A mixture of 6 (2.13 g, 0.005 mol) or 7 (2.2 g, 0.005 mol), N-
phenylpiperazine (0.81 g, 0.005 mol), and triethylamine
(0.98 mL, 0.007 mol) in DMF (10 mL) was heated at 908C for
2 h The reaction mixture was poured into ice water (20 mL)
and the obtained solid was crystallized from benzene/ethanol
mixture (3:1) and benzene (20 mL) to give 9 and 10, respectively.
Compound 9: White crystals, yield, 81%, mp: 1448C, IR (KBr):
2-(Oxo-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3a,4,9,9a-
tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-
1,3(2H)-dione (17)
nmax, cmꢂ1: 2939 (aliphatic C–H), 1772, 1722 (2 C O), 1231 (N–O).
–
–
1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.33–1.47 (m, 4H, CH2), 2.34–2.35 (m, 2H,
CH2N), 2.57–2.58 (m, 4H, piprazine), 3.12–3.18 (m, 8H, H-11, H-
12, OCH2, piprazine), 4.81 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 6.85–7.25 (m, 13H, H,
aryl). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): d 171.6, 151.4, 140.7, 138.6, 129.2, 127.1,
125.3, 124.4, 119.8, 116.1, 57.9, 53.3, 49.2, 45.4, 43.7, 25.8, 22.2.
MS: m/z (%) ¼ 504 (Mþ ꢂ 3 H, 2.4), 498 (4.3), 415 (3.9), 384 (3.1),
316 (6.8), 265 (2.4), 242 (7.7), 226 (11.6), 178 (58.0), 95 (15.2), 74
(100), 58 (95.5). Anal. calcd. for C32H33N3O3 (507.62): C, 75.71; H,
6.55; N, 8.28%. Found: C, 75.65; H, 6.51; N, 8.23%.
White powder, yield, 98%, mp: 2528C, crystallization from DMF/
ethanol mixture (1:5), IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2983, 2954, (aliphatic
1
C–H), 1751, 1708, 1654 (3 C O). H-NMR (CDCl ): d 3.12 (s, 2H, H-
–
–
3
11, H-12), 3.35–3.44 (m, 4H, (CH2)2NPh), 3.66–3.70 (m, 4H,
(CH2)2NCO), 3.80 (s, 2H, (CO)2NCH2), 4.8 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 6.88–
7.37 (m, 13H, H, aryl). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): d 176.4, 163.2, 150.8,
141.5, 138.9, 129.4, 125.0, 124.4, 120.9, 116.9, 49.5, 49.3, 47.3,
45.5, 45.0, 44.7, 42.2, 41.2, 39.0. MS: m/z (%) ¼ 478 (Mþ þ 1, 1.5),
477 (M þ 1, 1.8), 440 (1.8), 388 (1.7), 259 (1.9), 204 (4.3), 202 (3.0),
178 (32.3), 132 (18.9), 78 (89.4), 63 (100). Anal. calcd.
for C30H27N3O3 (477.55): C, 75.45; H, 5.70; N, 8.80%. Found: C,
75.53; H, 5.76; N, 8.78%.
Compound 10: White crystals, yield, 79%, mp: 128–1308C, IR
(KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2939 (aliphatic C–H), 1772, 1722 (2 C O), 1231
–
–
(N–O). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.26–1.27 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.33–1.34 (m, 2H,
CH2), 2.34–2.35 (m, 2H, CH2N), 2.59–2.61 (m, 4H, piprazine), 3.12–
3.21 (m, 8H, H-11, H-12, OCH2, piprazine), 4.81 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10),
6.83–7.39 (m, 13H, H, aryl). MS: m/z (%) ¼ 521 (Mþ, 0.05), 414 (2.7),
361 (2.4), 218 (2.0), 126 (1.8), 78 (92.7), 63 (100), 45 (81.8). Anal.
calcd. for C33H35N3O3 (521.65): C, 75.98; H, 6.76; N, 8.06%. Found:
C, 76.07; H, 6.84; N, 8.16%.
2-(4-Oxo-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)-butyl)-3a,4,9,9a-
tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-
1,3(2H)-dione (19)
White crystals, yield, 93%, mp: 1568C, crystallization from
2-(1,3-Dioxo-3a,4-dihydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-
benzo[f]isoindol-2(3H,9H,9aH)-yl)ethanoylchloride (14)
and 4-(1,3-dioxo-3a,4-dihydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-
benzo[f]isoindol-2(3H,9H,9aH)-yl)butanoylchloride (16)
benzene/ethanol mixture (2:1), IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2829,
(aliphatic C–H), 1751, 1704, 1635 (3 C O). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): d
–
–
1.72–1.83 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.22–2.34 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.16 (s, 2H, 2H, H-
11, H-12), 3.22–3.40 (m, 4H, (CH2)2NPh), 3.55–3.80 (m, 6H,
(CH2)2NCO, (CO)2NCH2), 4.85 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 6.83–7.42 (m,
13H, H, aryl). Anal. calcd. for C32H31N3O3 (505.61): C, 76.02; H,
6.18; N, 8.31%. Found: C, 76.11; H, 6.20; N, 8.37%.
General procedure
Compound 11 (13.33 g, 0.04 mol) or 13 (14.46 g, 0.04 mol) was
treated with thionyl chloride (75 mL, 1.03 mol) and the reaction
mixture was refluxed for 8 h. The excess of thionyl chloride was
distilled off and the residue was crystallized from benzene
(120 mL) to give 14 and 16, respectively.
2-(2-Oxo-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3a,4,9,9a-
tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-
1,3(2H)-dione (20)
Compound 14: White powder, yield, 91%, mp: 183–1858C, IR
White powder, yield, 88%, mp: 3278C, crystallization from
(KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2937 (aliphatic C–H), 1779, 1760, 1718 (2 C O).
DMF/ethanol mixture (1:4), IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2983 (aliphatic
–
–
Anal. calcd. for C20H14ClNO3 (351.78): C, 68.28; H, 4.01; N, 3.98%.
Found: C, 68.36; H, 4.11; N, 4.02%.
1
C–H), 1751, 1706, 1652 (3 C O). H-NMR (DMSO-d ): d 2.27 (s, 3H,
–
–
6
CH3), 3.31–3.34 (m, 6H, H-11, H-12, (CH2)2NCH3), 3.53–3.66 (m,
4H, CH2CH2NCO), 3.74 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.78 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10),
7.10–7.37 (m, 8H, H, aryl). Anal. calcd. for C25H25N3O3 (415.48):
C, 72.27; H, 6.06; N, 10.11%. Found: C, 72.35; H, 6.14; N,
10.17%.
Compound 16: White powder, yield, 93%, mp: 168–1708C, IR
(KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2952 (aliphatic C–H), 1771, 1764, 1731 (2 C O).
–
–
Anal. calcd. for C22H18ClNO3 (379.84): C, 69.57; H, 4.78; N, 3.69%.
Found: C, 69.64; H, 4.87; N, 3.71%.
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Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
Bioactive benzenobenz[f]isoindole-1,3-diones
549
138.8, 126.9, 124.9, 124.2, 46.7, 46.3, 45.4, 42.6, 38.0, 30.1, 26.3,
25.5, 24.5, 22.9. MS: m/z (%) ¼ 428 (Mþ, 0.9), 355 (100), 336 (10.5),
326 (8.8), 300 (6.9), 264 (70.5), 209 (5.8), 178 (2.3), 142 (3.5), 119
(6.4), 84 (1.5), 81 (5.2), 62 (9.4). Anal. calcd. for C27H28N2O3
(428.52): C, 75.68; H, 6.59; N, 6.54%. Found: C, 75.74; H, 6.63;
N, 6.57%.
2-(4-Oxo-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-butyl)-3a,4,9,9a-
tetrahydro-4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-
1,3(2H)-dione (22)
White crystals, yield, 89%, mp: 1988C, crystallization from
benzene, IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2933, 2804, (aliphatic C–H),
1749, 1704, 1635 (3 C O). 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6): d 1.72–1.74 (m,
–
–
2H, CH2), 2.28 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.31 (m, 2H, CH2CO), 3.12–3.22 (m, 6H,
H-11, H-12, (CH2)2NCH3), 3.43–3.56 (m, 4H, (CH2)2NCO), 3.70 (s,
2H, CH2N(CO)2), 4.74 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 7.07–7.31 (m, 8H, H, aryl).
13C-NMR (CDCl3): d 176.7, 169.9, 141.3, 138.7, 126.8, 124.7, 124.1,
54.9, 54.6, 46.6, 45.9, 45.3, 45.0, 41.3, 37.8, 29.9, 22.8. Anal. calcd.
for C27H29N3O3 (443.54): C, 73.11; H, 6.59; N, 9.47%. Found: C,
73.07; H, 6.52; N, 9.38%.
Biological activity
Material and methods
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (150–200 g) were used in the
study of anti-inflammatory activity. Both sex of Swiss mice
weighing (25–30 g) used in analgesic activity and, taking into
account international principle and local regulations con-
cerning the care and used of laboratory animals [27]. The
animals had free access to standard commercial diet and
water ad libitum and were kept in rooms maintained at
22 ꢀ 18C with 12 h light dark cycle.
2-(2-Oxo-2-(morpholin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-
4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (23)
White crystals, yield, 87%, mp: 2998C, crystallization from etha-
nol/benzene mixture, IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2900, 2848 (aliphatic
1
C–H), 1749, 1706, 1652 (3 C O). H-NMR (CDCl ): d 3.28–3.34 (m,
–
–
3
6H, H-11, H-12, N(CH2)2), 3.61–3.62 (m, 4H, O(CH2)2), 3.73 (s, 2H,
(CO)2NCH2), 4.79 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 7.11–7.35 (m, 8H, H, aryl). 13C-
NMR (CDCl3): d 176.3, 163.3, 141.5, 138.9, 127.0, 126.9, 125.0,
124.4, 66.7, 66.2, 47.2, 45.5, 45.1, 42.4, 39.0. Anal. calcd.
for C24H22N2O4 (402.44): C, 71.63; H, 5.51; N, 6.96%. Found: C,
71.70; H, 5.56; N, 7.04%.
Anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced rat
hind paw edema model)
The method adopted, described by Winter et al. [28] (distilled
water), was selected as vehicle to suspend the standard drugs
and the test compounds. The albino rats weighing between
150–180 g were starved for 18 h prior to the experiment.
The animals were weighed, marked for identification, and
divided into 20 groups each group containing 6 animals.
Edema was induced in the left hind paw of all rats by sub-
cutaneous injection of 0.1 mL of 1% (w/v) carrageenan in
distilled water into their footpads. The 1st group was kept
as control and was given the respective volume of the solvent
(0.5 mL distilled water). The 2nd to 19th group was orally
administered aqueous suspension of the synthesized com-
pounds in dose of (20 mg/kg) 1 h before carrageenan injec-
tion. The last group (standard) was administered Diclofenac
sodium in a dose of 20 mg/kg, orally as aqueous suspension
[29]. The paw volume of each rat was measured immediately
by mercury plethysmometer, before carrageenan injection
and then hourly for 4 h post administration of aqueous
suspension of the synthesized compounds. The edema rate
and inhibition rate of each group were calculated as follows:
2-(4-Oxo-4-(morpholin-1-yl)-butyl)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-
4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (25)
White powder, yield, 69%, mp: 2208C, crystallization from etha-
nol/benzene mixture, IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2852 (aliphatic C–H),
1751, 1702, 1641 (3 C O). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.60–1.75 (m, 2H,
–
–
CH2), 1.70–1.78 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.17 (s, 2H, H-11, H-12), 3.18–3.19 (m,
4H, N(CH2)2), 3.65–3.66 (m, 2H, (CO)2NCH2), 3.68–3.69 (m, 4H,
O(CH2)2), 4.78 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 7.11–7.27 (m, 8H, H, aryl). Anal.
calcd. for C26H26N2O4 (430.5): C, 72.54; H, 6.09; N, 6.51%. Found:
C, 72.60; H, 6.11; N, 6.54%.
2-(2-Oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-4,9-
[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (26)
White crystals, yield, 82%, mp: 3228C, crystallization from DMF/
ethanol mixture (1:3), IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2985 (aliphatic C–H),
1749, 1708, 1652 (3 C O). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.49–1.65 (m, 6H,
–
–
piperidine), 3.20–3.45 (m, 6H, H-11, H-12, N-(CH2)2), 3.73 (s, 2H,
(CO)2NCH2), 4.79 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10), 7.11–7.25 (m, 8H, H, aryl). MS:
m/z (%) ¼ 400 (Mþ, 4.5), 296 (3.6), 270 (50), 242 (5.4), 204 (3.6), 202
(5.4), 178 (17.2), 167 (5.5), 135 (4.5), 63 (100), 45 (90.9). Anal. calcd.
for C25H24N2O3 (400.47): C, 74.98; H, 6.04; N, 7.00%. Found: C,
74.91; H, 6.01; N, 6.96%.
Edema rate ðEÞ% ¼ VtꢂVo=Vo
Inhibition rate ðIÞ% ¼ EcꢂEt=Ec
2-(4-Oxo-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butyl)-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-
4,9-[1,2]benzeno-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-
dione (28)
where Vt is the volume before carrageenan injection (mL),
Vt is the volume at t hours after carrageenan injection (mL) Ec,
Et are the edema rate of control and treated groups,
respectively.
White crystals, yield, 90%, mp: 1758C, crystallization from etha-
nol, IR (KBr): nmax, cmꢂ1: 2940, 2952 (aliphatic C–H), 1749, 1700,
1635 (3 C O). 1H-NMR (CDCl3): d 1.75–2.04 (m, 8H, CH2, 3 CH2,
–
–
Analgesic activity using hot-plate test
The experiment was carried out as described by Turner [30],
using hot-plate apparatus, maintained at 53 ꢀ 0.58C. The
piperidine), 2.14 (m, 2H, CH2–CO), 3.16–3.26 (m, 6H, H-11, H-12,
N(CH2)2), 3.49–3.52 (m, 2H, (CO)2NCH2), 4.77 (s, 2H, H-9, H-10),
7.10–7.34 (m, 8H, H, aryl). 13C-NMR (CDCl3): d 176.8, 168.0, 141.5,
ß 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
www.archpharm.com

550
A. A. Abu-Hashem and M. A. Gouda
Arch. Pharm. Chem. Life Sci. 2011, 344, 543–551
[5] H. B. Maruyama, Y. Suhara, J. Suzuki-Watanabe, Y.
Maeshima, N. Shimizu, M. Ogura-Hamada, H. Fujimoto,
K. Takano, J. Antibiot. 1975, 28, 636–647.
mice were divided into 20 groups of 6 animals each. The
reaction time of the mice to the thermal stimulus was the
time interval between placing the animal in the hot plate and
when it licked its hind paw or jumped. The reaction time was
measured prior to aqueous suspension of synthesized com-
pounds and drug treatment (0 min). Group 1 was kept as
normal control. The aqueous suspension of synthesized com-
pounds was orally administered to mice of groups 2 to 19 at
doses of 20 mg/kg. Mice of group 20 (reference) were orally
treated with Diclofenac sodium in a dose of 20 mg/kg body
wt. The reaction time was again measured at 15 min. and
repeated at 30, 60, and 90 min. after treatment. To avoid
tissue damage to the mice paws, cut-off time for the response
to the thermal stimulus was set at 60 s. The reaction time was
calculated for each synthesized compounds and drug-treated
group.
[6] Y. Suhara, H. B. Maruyama, Y. Kotoh, Y. Miyasaka, K. Yokose,
H. Shirai, K. Takano, P. Quitt, P. Lanz, J. Antibiot. 1975, 28,
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D. Curman, C. M. Stringer, S. H. Friend, P. Davies, I. Vincent,
S. J. Haggarty, M. T. Kelly, R. Britton, E. Piers, R. Anderson,
J. Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 5701–5706.
´
[9] H. Henon, S. Messaoudi, B. Hugon, F. Anizon, B. Pfeiffer, M.
Prudhomme, Tetrahedron 2005, 61, 5599–5614.
[10] M. Melchert, A. List, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2007, 39, 1489–
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Analgesic activity (acetic acid induced Writhing
response model)
´
[12] H. Henon, S. Messaoudi, F. Anizon, B. Aboab, N. Kucharczyk,
´
S. Leonce, R. M. Golsteyn, B. Pfeiffer, M. Prudhomme, Eur. J.
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The compounds were selected for investigating their analge-
sic activity in acetic acid induced writhing response in Swiss
albino mice, following the method of Collier et al. [31]. One
hundred and twenty six mice were divided into 20 groups (six
in each group) starved for 16 h pretreated as follows, the 1st
group which served as control positive was orally received
distilled water in appropriate volumes. The 2nd to 19th groups
were received the aqueous suspension of synthesized com-
pounds orally at dose (20 mg/kg). The last group was orally
received Diclofenac sodium in a dose of 20 mg/kg. After
30 min, each mouse was administrated 0.7% of an aqueous
solution of acetic acid (10 mL /kg) and the mice were then
placed in transparent boxes for observation. The number of
writhes was counted for 20 min after acetic acid injection.
The number of writhes in each treated group was compared
to that of a control group. The number of writhing was
recorded and the percentage protection was calculated using
the following ratio:
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