A semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-methylpyridine ligand for the design of nickel(ii) spin clusters

Article abstract of DOI:10.1039/c3dt52903g

The self-assembly of a semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-methylpyridine ligand, N²,N²-dibenzyl-N⁴,N ⁶-di(pyridylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (H₂L), with NiCl₂ and NiBr₂ afforded two new nickel(ii) clusters, (H₂NMe₂)₂[Ni₅(OH) ₂(H₂L)₂Cl₁₀] (1) and [Ni ₆(OH)₂(H₂L)₂Br₁₀(THF) ₂] (2) showing a high spin ground state of S = 3.

Full text of DOI:10.1039/c3dt52903g

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A semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-methylpyridine ligand for the
design of nickel(II) spin clusters
Yen-Wen Tzeng,a Chang-Jui Lin,a Motohiro Nakanob Chen-I Yang,*a Wun-Long Wan,c and Long-Li
Lai*c
5
Received (in XXX, XXX) Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX, Accepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX
DOI: 10.1039/b000000x
in 2, respectively.
The self-assembly of a semi-flexible aminotriazine-based bis-
methylpyridine ligand,
N2,N2-dibenzyl-N4,N6-
di(pyridylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (H2L), with
10 NiCl2 and NiBr2 afforded two new nickel(II) clusters,
(H2NMe2)2[Ni5(OH)2(H2L)2Cl10] (1) and
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
H
N
N
50
[Ni6(OH)2(H2L)2Br10(THF)2] (2) showing a high spin ground
state of S = 3.
Scheme 1. Schematic representation of H2L ligand.
The development of new moleculeꢀbased magnets is an
15 important research topic in the fields of chemistry and
physics, due to their impressive structural diversity and
intriguing physical properties as well as complicated magnetoꢀ
structural correlations.1 One of the major challenges in the
area of molecular magnetism is the construction of
20 polynuclear metal cluster that exhibits interesting magnetic
properties, such as the highꢀspin ground state and/or singleꢀ
molecule magnet (SMM) behavior.2ꢀ5 For the preparation of
such metal clusters, using a polychelating ligand with an
unused arm or donor site has been recognized.6ꢀ7 An
25 alternative preparation is to utilize the flexidentate behavior of
a multidentate ligand and judicial choice of bridging ligands,
such as carboxylate, and azide.8,9 Among the bridging ligands,
halide ions have been known for their versatile bridging
coordination modes that generate polymeric compounds.10
Fig. 1. Crystal structure of the anion complex 1 (left) and its NiII core
structure (right). The Me2NH2 cations and H atoms were omitted for
55 clarity.
5
Xꢀray crystal structure analysis showed that 1 and 2
crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/n and in the
triclinic space groups Pī, respectively. In complex 1, the
geometry of the centrosymmetric NiII cluster can be
5
30
Polyꢀpyridyl ligands had a major impact in the field of
supramolecular chemistry for decades, which have led a
variety of metal/ligand supramolecular ensembles to be
obtained such as double and triple helices, grids, ladders, and
so forth.11 However, the flexible polyꢀpyridyl ligands are
60 described as two cornerꢀsharing ꢀ3ꢀOHꢀcentred NiII triangles
3
with bowtie topology (Fig. 1). Two H2L groups connect the
central NiII atom (Ni1) and two peripheral metal ions in the
two side of bowtie (Ni2 and Ni3) in
a ꢀ3ꢀH2Lꢀκ
5ꢀ
N,N′:N′′:N′′′,N′′′′ coordination mode, in which two
65 methylpyridine groups exhibit in a transꢀconformation. The
35 rarely exploited in the formation of polynuclear metal clusters;
especially the resulting structures may potentially exhibit
interisting magnetic properties.
base (Ni2ꢁꢁꢁNi3) of each triangle are bridged by two
ꢀ
2ꢀCl−
anions. The µ3ꢀOH− group links the central Ni1 to the two
peripheral metal ions on either side of the molecule and the O
atom of OH− lie out of the plane of the Ni3 triangle about
70 0.402 Å. Peripheral ligations around each Ni centers are
completed by terminal Cl− anions.
We herein report the selfꢀassembly of two Ni(II) clusters,
(Me2NH2)2[Ni5(OH)2(H2L)2Cl10]
(1)
and
40 [Ni6(OH)2(H2L)2Br10(THF)2] (2), using
a
semiꢀflexible
aminotriazineꢀbased bisꢀmethylpyridine ligand, N2,N2ꢀ
dibenzylꢀN4,N6ꢀdi(pyridylmethyl)ꢀ1,3,5ꢀtriazineꢀ2,4,6ꢀ
The structure of complex 2 reveals a dimer of [NiII
(
ꢀ
3ꢀ
3
triamine (H2L). The designed ligand, H2L (scheme 1),
contains an aminotriazine ring and two flexible
45 methylpyridine arms, which could chelate metal ions into
clusters 1 and 2, exhibiting an S = 3 spin ground state arising
from the uncanceled spin arrangement of the antiferroꢀ and
ferromagnetic interactions in 1 and ferromagnetic interaction
OH)(
chelating H2L ligands (Fig. 2). The structure [NiII
3ꢀBr)(
ꢀ
3ꢀBr)(
ꢀ
2ꢀBr)3]+ core which is connected by two bisꢀ
(
ꢀ
3ꢀ
3
75 OH)(
ꢀ
ꢀ
2ꢀBr)3]+ adopts a nearꢀequilateral NiII triangle
3
core, which is bonded by a ꢀ3ꢀoxide (O1) and a ꢀ
3ꢀBr− (Br1)
on both sides of central planar where the central OH− and Br−
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DOI: 10.1039/C3DT52903G
H = −2J1(S1S2 + S1S3 + S1S4 + S1S5 ) − 2J2 (S2S3 + S4S5 )
bridges are located 0.902 and 2.056 Å above the Ni3 plane.
Each base of the NiII3 triangle is connected by a 2ꢀBr− anions
(Br2−Br4). Two H2L ligands in complex 2 exhibit 2ꢀH2Lꢀ
4ꢀ
N,N′:N′′,N′′′ coordination mode with transꢀconformation of
their two methylpyridine groups and connect two Ni3 triangles
into a hexanuclear dimer of Ni3 structure. Peripheral ligations
around each Ni2 centers are ended by one terminal Br− anions
and one THF molecule.
40
ꢀ
The
χ
MT data could be well fitted by this Heisenbergꢀvan
ꢀ
κ
Vleck model with the addition of an intermolecular interaction
by the meanꢀfield approximation (zJ′). The results from fitting
the experimental data are shown as solid lines in Fig. 3, with
5
45 final parameters being g = 2.30, J1 = −11.7 cm−1, J2 = 3.5 cm−1
and zJ′= −0.10 cm−1. This set of parameters leads to the
conclusion that the ground state is ST = 3 and the first excited
state is S = 2 at 24 cm−1 above ground state (Fig. S6). The
estimated values, for the intracluster magnetic exchange
50 interactions, indicates that the antiferroꢀ and ferromagnetic
interactions are provided within the NiII cluster in 1, and are
5
associated with an S = 3 spin ground state. Both interactions
(J1 and J2) are close to the reported exchange interactions of
NiIIꢁꢁꢁNiII through the similar pathways.12 The magnetization
55 curve recorded at 2 K of complex 1 shows a continuous
increase up to the saturation value of 6.3 N
which corresponds well to a groundꢀstate spin S = 3, in
agreement with the MT data. However, this magnetization
β (Fig. 3 inset),
10 Fig. 2. Crystal structure of the complex 2 (left) and its NiII3 core structure
(right). The H atoms were omitted for clarity.
χ
curve cannot be nicely fitted by the Brillouin equation for S =
60 3, probably due to the presence of intermolecular interaction,
zero field splitting and/or anisotropy.
8
6
6
5
6
4
2
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
β
4
6
5
3
4
0
10 20 30 40 50
β
H / kOe
3
2
2
0
50
100 150 200 250 300
Temperature / K
1
1
0
0
10 20 30 40 50
H / kOe
Fig. 3. Plots of χMT versus T for 1 in an applied field of 1 kOe from 2.0 to
0
0
50
100 150 200 250 300
Temperature / K
300 K. The solid line represents a leastꢀsquares fit of the data (see text).
15 The inset shows a 2 K magnetization isotherm collected between 0−50
kOe.
Fig. 4. Plots of χMT versus T for 2 in an applied field of 1 kOe from 2.0 to
300 K. The solid line represents a leastꢀsquares fit of the data (see text).
65 The inset shows a 2 K magnetization isotherm collected between 0−50
kOe.
The
susceptibility
solidꢀstate,
variableꢀtemperature
were
magnetic
on
measurements
performed
microcrystalline sample of complexes 1 and 2 in the 2−300 K
20 range in a 1 kOe magnetic field, which was suspended in
eicosane to prevent torquing.
For complex 2, the value of
χMT increases steadily from
4.24 cm3 molꢀ1 K at 300 K as the temperatures decreases to
reach a maximum of 6.03 cm3 molꢀ1 K at 18 K, and then
For complex 1, the χ
MT value of 6.01 cm3 K mol−1 at 300 K
70 decrease to 1.00 cm3 molꢀ1 K at 2.0 K (Fig. 4). The
χMT value
at 300 K is slightly larger than 4.00 cm3 molꢀ1 K, the expected
decreases gradually with decreasing temperature in the range
value for a NiII complex with noninteracting metal centers
of 300 to 70 K, then abruptly increases, reaching a maximum
3
25 of 7.05 cm3 K mol−1 at 10 K, and decrease to 4.38 cm3 K molꢀ
with g = 2.3. This behavior clearly indicates the ferromagnetic
coupling within complex 2 and the decreasing in χMT at low
1
at 2 K. (Fig. 3). The change in
χMT value indicates
antiferromagnetic dominated in Ni5 unit with a nonꢀcanceled
spin ground state and the MT value at 10 K is consistent with
S = 3 (g = 2.2). Below 10 K, the MT values slowly decreases,
75 temperature (< 28 K) is likely due to the intermolecular
(Ni3ꢁꢁꢁNi3) interaction, the Zeeman effect or zeroꢀfield
splitting in the ground state. In order to describe the coupling
within the cluster, the magnetic susceptibility data were fitted
χ
χ
30 probably due to weak intermolecular antiferromagnetic
interactions, zero field splitting and/or small anisotropy.
In order to understand the magnetic coupling of complex 1,
using a NiII Heisenbergꢀvan Vleck model: H = −2J(S1S2
+
3
80 S2S3 + S1S3) with an interunit interaction by the meanꢀfield
approximation (zJ′) (Fig. S7). The data below 20 K were
omitted in the the fitting, because zeroꢀfield splitting and
Zeeman effect likely dominate in this temperature range. The
fitting result of dc data in 1 kOe gave the best fit parameters
85 of g = 2.26, J = 8.10 cmꢀ1 and zJ′ = −0.50 cmꢀ1. This set of
parameters give the ground state of ST = 3 and the first excited
state S = 2 at ꢀ48 cmꢀ1 above ground state (Fig. S8). Although,
the magnetic susceptibility data were fitted using a NiII
5
Heisenbergꢀvan Vleck model. Based on the structure analysis.
35 The number of magnetic interactions can be reduced
significantly: J1 for NiIIꢁꢁꢁNiII through one
ꢀ
3ꢀOH and one
H2L bridgings and J2 for NiIIꢁꢁꢁNiII through one 3ꢀOH− and
two
2ꢀCl− bridges (see Fig. S5 in the Supporting
Information), hence the Hamiltonian can be written:
ꢀ
ꢀ
2
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DOI: 10.1039/C3DT52903G
the magnetic interaction between NiII ion through such
bridges (one 3ꢀOH, one 3ꢀBr and one 2ꢀBr) has not been
reported in the literatures, it is believed that the ferromagnetic
interactions ensue from 6ꢀcoordinate geometry and the
Ni−X−Ni bridging angles close to 90°.13 The magnetization
curve recorded at 2 K of 2 is shown in Fig. 4 inset, in which
the magnetization slow increases with the increasing of field
2
(a) G. Christou, D. Gatteschi, D. N. Hendrickson and R. Sessoli, MRS
Bull., 2000, 25, 66ꢀ71; (b) R. Sessoli, H.ꢀL. Tsai, A. R. Schake, S.
Wang, J. B. Vincent, K. Folting, D. Gatteschi, G. Christou and D. N.
Hendrickson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 1804ꢀ1816; (c) A.
Caneschi, D. Gatteschi, R. Sessoli, A. L. Barra, L. C. Brunel and M.
Guillot, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 5873ꢀ5874; (d) M. Nakano, H.
Oshio, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 3239ꢀ3248.
(a) R. Sessoli, D. Gatteschi, A. Caneschi and M. A. Novak, Nature.,
1993, 365, 141ꢀ143; (b) D. Gatteschi, R. Sessoli and A. Cornia,
Chem. Commun., 2000, 2000, 725ꢀ732; (c) Z. Sun, C. M. Grant, S. L.
Castro, D. N. Hendrickson and G. Christou, Chem. Commun., 1998,
1998, 721ꢀ722; (d) E. C. Yang, D. N. Hendrickson, W. Wernsdorfer,
M. Nakano, L. N. Zakharov, R. D. Sommer, A. L. Rheingold, M.
LedezmaꢀGairaud and G. Christou, J. Appl. Phys., 2002, 91, 7382ꢀ
7384; (e) C.ꢀI. Yang, W. Wernsdorfer, Y.ꢀJ. Tsai, G. Chung, T.ꢀS.
Kuo, G.ꢀH. Lee, M. Shieh and H.ꢀL. Tsai, Inorg. Chem., 2008, 47,
1925ꢀ1939.
(a) G. Christou, Polyhedron., 2005, 24, 2065ꢀ2075; (b) D. Gatteschi,
R. Sessoli and J. Villain, Molecular Nanomagnets; Oxford University
Press: New York, 2006; (c) G. Aromí and E. K. Brechin, Struct.
Bonding (Berlin)., 2006, 122, 1 and references therein.
(a) T. N. Nguyen, W. Wernsdorfer, K. A. Abboud and G. Christou, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 20688ꢀ20691; (b) A. Saha, K. A. Abboud
and G. Christou, Inorg. Chem., 2011, 50, 12774ꢀ12784; (c) Z. Wang,
J. Van Tol, T. Taguchi, M. R. Daniels, G. Christou and N. S. Dalal, J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 17586ꢀ17589.
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C. E. Anson and A. K. Powell, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, 45,
4926ꢀ4929; (b) S. S. Tandon, S. D. Bunge, J. Sanchiz and L. K.
Thompson, Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 3270ꢀ3282; (c) Z. E. Serna, M.
K. Urtiaga, M. G. Barandika, R. Cortés, S. Martin, L. Lezama, M. I.
Arriortua and T. Rojo, Inorg. Chem., 2001, 40, 4550ꢀ4555.
(a) E. E. Moushi, C. Lampropoulos, W. Wernsdorfer, V.
Nastopoulos, G. Christou and A. J. Tasiopoulos, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2010, 132, 16146ꢀ16155; (b) C. C. Stoumpos, O. Roubeau, G. Aromi,
A. J. Tasiopoulos, V. Nastopoulos, A. Escuer and S. P. Perlepes,
Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 359ꢀ361; (c) M. Murugesu, J. Raftery, W.
Wernsdorfer, G. Christou and E. K. Brechin. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43,
4203ꢀ4209; (d) T. C. Stamatatos, C. G. Efthymiou, C. C. Stoumpos
and S. P. Perlepes, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2009, 2009, 3361ꢀ3391.
(a) C. Papatriantafyllopoulou, T. C. Stamatatos, W. Wernsdorfer, S.
J. Teat, A. J. Tasiopoulos, A. Escuer and S. P. Perlepes, Inorg. Chem.,
2010, 49, 10486ꢀ10474; (b) M. Murugesu, M. Habrych, W.
Wernsdorfer, K. A. Abboud and G. Christou, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2004, 126, 4766ꢀ4767; (c) T. C. Stamatatos and G. Christou, Inorg.
Chem., 2009, 48, 3308ꢀ3322.
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
65
70
5
3
and becomes saturated around 50 kOe with value of 5.65 N
β.
The less rapid saturation of magnetization at low field may
10 results from the antiferromagnetic interaction of Ni3ꢁꢁꢁNi3
interunit and the saturation magnetization value corresponds
75
well to a groundꢀstate spin S = 3, in agreement with the χMT
data. Again, this magnetization curve cannot be well fitted by
the Brillouin equation for S = 3, due to the presence of
15 intermolecular interaction and/or zero field splitting.
4
5
80
To investigate whether 1 and 2 might be a SMM, ac
susceptibility measurements were performed with a zero
applied dc field. Representative results for 1 and 2 are shown
in Figs. S9 and S10. At lower temperatures, the inꢀphase
χ
M'T) increases to ~6.8 and 6.5 cm3 K mol−1 for 1 and
85
20 signal (
2, respectively, confirming the spin ground state of S = 3 for
both complexes. For complex 1, a weak M'' signal appears
χ
6
7
below 5 K, which is indicative of a slow magnetic relaxation
within 1. However, the peak maxima clearly lie in the
25 temperatures below 1.8 K, the operating limit of our
instrument. These data thus suggest that compound 1 indeed
exhibits a slow magnetic relaxation or longꢀrange magnetic
ordering at temperatures below 1.8 K. In contrast, the
90
95
complex 2, shows no SMM behavior from the absence of χM''
30 signal.
In conclusion, use of semiꢀflexible aminotriazineꢀbased bisꢀ
methylpyridine ligands (H2L) has allowed the access of two
novel Ni clusters with interesting magnetic properties. The
H2L ligand represents a 'proof of feasibility' for the belief that
35 such ligands may provide a rich source of new transitionꢀ
metal clusters. Further studies are in progress.
100
105
110
8
9
Notes and references
a Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
(a) G. Aromí, M. J. Knapp, J.ꢀP. Claude, J. C. Huffman, D. N.
Hendrickson and G. Christou, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 5489ꢀ
5499; (b) M. Charalambous, E. E. Moushi, C. Papatriantafyllopoulou,
W. Wernsdorfer, V. Nastopoulos, G. Christou and A. J. Tasiopoulos,
Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 5410ꢀ5412; (c) J. Esteban, L. Alcázar, M.
TorresꢀMolina, M. Monfort, M. FontꢀBardia and A. Escuer, Inorg.
Chem., 2012, 51, 5503ꢀ5505.
Fax: 886 -4-23590426; E-mail: ciyang@thu.edu.tw
40 b Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka
University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
c Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou
545, Taiwan. E-mail: lilai@ncnu.edu.tw
† Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) available: Detailed
45 experimental procedures, additional crystallographic diagrams and
115 10 (a) J.ꢀM. Lehn, Supramolecular Chemistry, WileyꢀVCH, New York,
1995; (b) C. Piguet, G. Berbardinelli and G. Hopfgartner, Chem. Rev.,
1997, 97, 2005ꢀ2062; (c) M. Albrecht, Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 3457ꢀ
3498.
magnetic diagram. CCDC 947250 and 947251
For ESI and
crystallographic data in cif or other electronic format, See
DOI: 10.1039/b000000x/
11 (a) J. Esteban, P. E. Ruiz, D. M. FontꢀBardia, D. T. Calvet and A.
‡ The complexes analyzed as (C, H, N) 1, calcd (found): C, 42.52
50 (42.17); H, 4.26 (4.79); N, 14.40 (14.35)% and 2, calcd (found): C, 34.37
(34.03); H, 3.23 (3.34); N, 9.72 (9.72)%. Crystalꢀstructure data for 1,
C62H70Cl10N18Ni5O2, M = 1747.31, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 15.7038(12) Å,
120
125
130
Escuer, Chem. Eur. J., 2012, 18, 3637ꢀ3648; (b) P. L. Pawlak, A. Y.
S. Malkhasian, B. Sjlivic, M. J. Tiza, B. E. Kucera, R. Loloee and F.
A. Chavez, Inorg. Chem. Comm., 2008, 11, 1023ꢀ1026.
12 G. N. Newton, H. Sato, T. Shiga and H. Oshio, Dalton Trans., 2013,
42, 6701ꢀ6704.
b = 9.9564(7) Å, c = 23.8274(18) Å,
β
= 93.4680(10)°, V = 3718.7(5) Å3,
T = 150(2) K, Z = 2. (Rint = 0.0426), 8215 parameters, R(Rw) =
55 0.0382(0.0865) with [I > 2σ (I)] and for 2, C66H74Br10N16Ni6O4, M =
2306.56, triclinic, Pī, a = 11.9623(7) Å, b = 13.3874(8) Å, c = 14.2964(9)
Å,
α = 65.3520(10)°, β = 72.9400(10)°, γ = 75.1400(10)°, V = 1965.5(2)
Å3, T = 150(2) K, Z = 1. (Rint = 0.0291), 9051 parameters, R(Rw) =
0.0256(0.0481) with [I > 2σ (I)].
60
1
J. S. Miller and M. Drillon, Eds. Magnetism: Molecules to. Materials,
WileyꢀVCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2001–2004, Vols. I– V.
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Table of Contents
The use of a semiꢀflexible aminotriazineꢀbased bisꢀmethylpyridine ligand, N2,N2ꢀdibenzylꢀN4,N6ꢀ di(pyridylmethyl)ꢀ1,3,5ꢀtriazineꢀ2,4,6ꢀtriamine (H2L),
afforded two new nickel(II) clusters, (H2NMe2)2[Ni5(OH)2(H2L)2Cl10] (1) and [Ni6(OH)2(H2L)2Br10(THF)2] (2) showing a spin ground state of S = 3.
5
4
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