Separation of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines with newly developed HPLC phases

Article abstract of DOI:10.1021/ja961009x

The synthesis of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines from 1,2-dicyano-4-alkoxybenzenes or the corresponding isoindolines is reported. In each case, four isomers with D(2h), C(4h), C(2v), and C(s) symmetry are obtained in the statisti

Full text of DOI:10.1021/ja961009x

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10085-10093
10085
Separation of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-Tetrasubstituted
Phthalocyanines with Newly Developed HPLC Phases
Michael Sommerauer, Christine Rager, and Michael Hanack*
Contribution from the Lehrstuhl fu¨r Organische Chemie II, UniVersita¨t Tu¨bingen,
Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tu¨bingen, Germany
ReceiVed March 27, 1996X
Abstract: The synthesis of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines from 1,2-dicyano-4-alkoxy-
benzenes or the corresponding isoindolines is reported. In each case, four isomers with D2h, C4h, C2V, and Cs symmetry
are obtained in the statistical expected yield. The separation of the C4h and the D2h isomers was achieved successfully
for the first time from the other two isomers with newly developed HPLC phases based on π-π interactions. In one
1
case, phthalocyanine 12 could be separated into the isomers 12a-d and characterized by UV/vis and H-NMR
spectroscopy. Due to line broadening at room temperature, T1 and T2 relaxation time measurements of two
phthalocyanines (3 and 12) at different temperatures are carried out. Whether the broad peaks are due to aggregation
or due to a short relaxation time is explained.
Introduction
Phthalocyanine and metallophthalocyanines have been in-
vestigated for many years in detail because of their wide
application fields,1,2 including use in chemical sensors,1,2 liquid
crystals,1,2 Langmuir-Blodgett films,1,2 nonlinear optics,1,2
optical data storage,1,2 and as carrier generation materials in near-
IR.1,2 Substituted derivatives can also be used for photodynamic
cancer therapy and other processes driven by visible light.1,2
Pure isomers may show interesting NLO properties, which
cannot be investigated in the mixture of all four isomers. A
decisive disadvantage of phthalocyanines and metal phthalo-
cyanines is their low solubility in organic solvents or water.
The solubility can be increased, however, by introducing alkyl
or alkoxy groups into the pheripheral positions of the phthalo-
cyanine framework.3 Because of their lower degree of order
in the solid state, tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines are more
soluble than the corresponding octasubstituted ones. The
synthesis of tetrasubstituted metallophthalocyanines and metal-
free phthalocyanines substituted in the so-called 1(4),8(11),
15(18),22(25)- and 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-positions (as shown
in Figure 1) normally starts with a 1- or 2-substituted phthalo-
dinitrile or the corresponding diiminoisoindolines with an
appropriate metal salt in a suitable solvent.1 By a statistical
condensation reaction in all cases, a mixture of constitutional
isomers of the symmetries given in Figure 1 is formed.
For the first time, we were able to separate these constitutional
isomers by chromatographic methods (MPLC, HPLC) in the
case of 1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)-tetrakis[((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-
phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (1). Separation was carried out on
a commercially available nitrophenyl column, and the four
isomers were completely characterized in terms of their sym-
metry by UV and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.4 Separation of these
isomers by HPLC methods was possible, because the steric
interaction of the peripheral substituents R ) OCH2CH(C2H5)-
C4H9 in the 1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)-position with each other
and with the phthalocyanine core is comparatively strong. As
Figure 1. 1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)-Tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines
(top) and the four constitutional isomers of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-
tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines.
X Abstract published in AdVance ACS Abstracts, October 1, 1996.
(1) Hanack, M.; Lang, M. AdV. Mater. 1994, 6, 819.
(2) Leznoff, C. C. In Phthalocyanines. Properties and Applications, Vols.
I-III; Lever, A. B. P., Ed.; VCH Publishers: New York, 1989 and 1993.
(3) Beck, A.; Mangold, K.-M.; Hanack, M. Chem. Ber. 1991, 124, 2315.
(4) Schmid, G.; Sommerauer, M.; Hanack, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
Engl. 1993, 32, 1422.
a result of this, the planarity of the macrocycle is slightly
disturbed.4 This can be shown with the D2h isomer of 1(4),
8(11),15(18),22(25)-tetrakis[((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phthalocyani-
S0002-7863(96)01009-8 CCC: $12.00 © 1996 American Chemical Society

10086 J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996
Sommerauer et al.
Scheme 1. Synthesis of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-
Tetrasubstituted Phthalocyanines 3-13
All phthalocyanines 3-13, prepared according to Scheme 1,
form constitutional isomers as shown by NMR spectroscopy
(vide infra), but it is not possible to separate them with
commonly available HPLC columns or by recrystallization.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop new HPLC phases to
separate and characterize these isomers. Another question is
whether the expected statistical distribution of 12.5% D2h, 12.5%
C4h, 25% C2V, and 50% Cs isomers occurs in all cases or if the
nature of the side chains of the 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-
substituted phthalocyanines 3-13 changes this distribution.
The characterization of the 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-alkoxy-
1
substituted phthalocyanines 3-13 is carried out by H-NMR
spectroscopy.4,5 This is possible without difficulty in the case
of the recently described 1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)-tetrakis[((2-
ethylhexyl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (1) compounds.5 The
2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-substituted phthalocyanines 3-13, how-
1
ever, exhibit very broad signals in the H-NMR spectra, as
known in general for many substituted phthalocyanines.8 Broad
signals in the 1H-NMR spectra not only make characterization
of the phthalocyanines impossible but also prevent the deter-
mination of the symmetry of these molecules.
There are two possible reasons for the broad signals of 2(3),
9(10),16(17),23(24)-alkoxy-substituted phthalocyanines in the
1H-NMR spectra. First, the T1 or T2 relaxation times of the
phthalocyanines 3-13 are very short. This leads to broad
signals in the recorded spectra (Heisenberg), because the
transition energy is not well defined. Hence, the T1 (inversion
recovery technique) and T2 relaxation time measurements
(Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence) are carried out with
the 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-alkoxy-substituted phthalocyanines
3 and 12. We may assume that the T2 relaxation time is short
and thus responsible for the broad signals at 300 K. There are
strong dipolar interactions in and between rigid molecules. This
leads to a quick defocusing of the magnetization after a NMR
pulse, which means a short T2 time.9 The energy stays constant,
and only the entropy increases. For the T1 time, we have to
discuss a process in which the transition energy of the molecule
is released. Relaxation takes place only when the magnitude
of the fluctuation fields is nearly the magnitude of the Larmor
frequency. This depends on the correlation time τc. In the
correlation time τc, all parameters (vibration, rotation, move-
ment, etc.) of a molecule are united. According to theory, the
correlation time τc of large and rigid molecules like phthalo-
cyanines is long. The relaxation time T1 has a minimum at a
defined temperature for each molecule. At higher temperatures,
the correlation time τc decreases. The spectral density of
frequencies near the Larmor frequency becomes smaller, and
the relaxation time T1 increases. At lower temperatures, the
correlation time τc increases, there are fewer magnetic fields in
the magnitude of the Larmor frequency, and the relaxation time
T1 also increases.
nato]nickel(II). The Q-band in its UV spectrum should be split,
but this effect is not observable because the real symmetry is
lower than D2h while the macrocycle is nonplanar.4
Our first attempts to separate tetrasubstituted metallophthalo-
cyanines using chromatographic methods were carried out with
2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted systems, tetrakis(tert-
butylphthalocyaninato)nickel(II) (2a-d). However, only en-
richment of the C2V and Cs isomers 2c,d using MPLC on a silica
gel column was possible.5
Mixtures of different phthalocyanines obtained by a statistical
condensation of two dinitriles have been completely separated
by using phthalocyanined silica gels.6 The authors report that
it is not possible to separate constitutional isomers with these
special phases.
In this paper, we now describe the separation of the four
constitutional isomers of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubsti-
tuted alkoxyphthalocyanines.
Results and Discussion
The investigated 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-alkoxy-substituted
phthalocyanines 3-13 and their synthesis are given in Scheme
1. For the preparation of the 4-alkoxyphthalodinitriles or the
corresponding diiminoisoindolines, the appropriate 4-nitro-
phthalodinitriles are reacted with the corresponding alcohols,
ROH, which are chosen to exhibit different steric hindrance
according to R (R of different size).7 From the 4-alkoxy-
phthalodinitriles and the corresponding alkoxy-substituted di-
iminoisoindolines, the nickel 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-alkoxy-
substituted phthalocyanines 3-11 and metal-free phthalocya-
nines 12 and 13 are obtained in yields between 11 and 80%.
The possible second reason for broad signals is aggregation
of molecules in solution. This leads to a high-field shift of the
1
signals in the H-NMR spectra. The relaxation times T1 and
T2 become shorter, because the correlation time τc increases
and dipolar interactions are stronger, as in nonaggregated
molecules.
To solve these problems, relaxation time measurements at
different temperatures are carried out. For these measurements,
a defined amount of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[((1S)-
endo-(-)-bornyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (3) and 2(3),
9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[((1S)-endo-(-)-bornyloxy)phthalo-
cyanine (12) (mixture of the four isomers) in 0.5 mL of benzene-
(5) Hanack, M.; Meng, D.; Beck, A.; Sommerauer, M.; Subramanian,
L. R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 58.
(6) Leznoff, C. C.; McArthur, C. R.; Qin, Y. Can. J. Chem. 1993, 71,
1319.
(7) Leznoff, C. C.; Marcuccio, S. M.; Greenberg, S.; Lever, A. B. P.;
Tomer, K. B. Can. J. Chem. 1985, 63, 623.
(8) Haisch, P.; Hanack, M. Synthesis 1995, 1251.
(9) Derome, A. E. In Modern NMR Technics for Chemical Research;
Baldwin, J. E., Magnus P. D., Eds.; Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series
6; Pergamon Press Ltd.: Oxford, 1987; pp 97-127.

Separation of Tetrasubstituted Phthalocyanines
J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996 10087
Table 1. T1 Measurement Data for 1 mg of (BorO)4PcNi (3): Not
Aggregated, 250 MHz
Table 5. T1 Measurement Data for 3 mg of (BorO)4PcH2 (12):
Aggregated, 250 MHz
T1 (ms)
T1 (ms)
chem shift (ppm)
300 K
320 K
330 K
340 K
chem shift (ppm)
300 K
310 K
320 K
330 K
340 K
1.18-1.19
1.28-1.30
1.49-1.51
1.75-1.85
2.09
3.02
5.08
7.78-7.81
8.78-8.92
9.15-9.18
9.20-9.25
410
452
500
230
407
248
431
818
720
1550
964
389
407
430
207
350
218
328
690
594
1150
936
390
411
462
216
353
223
389
610
680
1070
539
408
453
505
238
402
248
415
582
710
1210
762
-2.0
1.0-1.3
1.7
351
186
302
185
230
302
138
163
357
193
301
191
241
315
145
158
375
199
334
194
259
342
161
168
388
209
364
202
285
380
165
184
406
224
398
215
329
405
248
235
2.0
2.8-3.0
5.0
7.4-7.6
8.4-8.5
8.8-9.2
of these short T2 times is not exact, because it is technically
not possible to choose a shorter delay, as used between the 180°
pulses (in pulse program cpmg, see Experimental Section). In
most cases, the measured values cannot be fitted with an
exponential function. Therefore, we can only conclude that the
broad signals are due to the T2 relaxation and the line width
decreases with increasing temperature as assumed.
Table 2. T1 Measurement Data for 1 mg of (BorO)4PcH2 (12):
Not Aggregated, 250 MHz
T1 (ms)
chem shift (ppm)
300 K
320 K
330 K
340 K
-1.8 ( 0.3
1.0-1.3
1.6
1.9
2.8
173
432
173
360
174
320
721
577
865
173
386
173
343
175
319
644
533
698
50
420
211
260
209
287
390
190
200
52
432
231
426
225
328
420
220
250
Both phthalocyanines 3 and 12 show a minimum of the T1
time between 330 and 335 K without aggregation (1 mg of 3
or 12 in 0.5 mL of benzene, see Tables 1 and 2). At higher
and lower temperatures, the relaxation time T1 increases as
predicted. If aggregation occurs, the T1 time becomes shorter,
but this depends on the concentration of the solution. At 340
K the T1 time of 3 mg of 12 in 0.5 mL of benzene has the same
value as that for the solution of 1 mg of 12 in 0.5 mL of benzene.
But the solution of 3 mg of 12 in 0.5 mL of benzene shows a
decreasing T1 time and no minimum (Table 5). This is due to
a commencement of aggregation at decreasing temperatures. The
solution of 7 mg of 12 in 0.5 mL of benzene shows only a
short T1 time with a parabolic course (Table 4), because the
concentration of phthalocyanine 12 is so high that the aggregates
rearrange in a very short time, which is not detectable by NMR
spectroscopy. Aggregation leads to a 0.2 ppm high-field shift
of the aromatic signals of 12 and to additional broadening of
the aromatic signals. In diluted solutions of 12, the aggregates
4.9
7.5-7.8
8.8-9.0
9.1-9.4
Table 3. T2 Measurement Data for 1 mg of (BorO)4PcH2 (12):
Not Aggregated, 250 MHz
T2 (ms)
chem shift (ppm)
300 K
320 K
-1.8 ( 0.3
1.0-1.3
1.6
1.9
2.8
<10
69
<10
21
<10
<10
<10
32
<10
<10
<10
<10
31
4.9
7.5-7.8
8.8-9.0
9.1-9.4
1
are not stable (Tables 1, 2, and 5). Well-resolved H-NMR
33
33
13
22
spectra at 330-340 K can be obtained from the nonaggregated
form of 3 and 12, as predicted by theory.
As mentioned, phthalocyanines 2-13 cannot be separated
with commonly available HPLC phases. Only a nitrophenyl
column (Macherey-Nagel ET250/8/4 5NO2) shows a peak with
two shoulders. The problem was solved by designing new
HPLC phases based on π-π interactions between the phthalo-
cyanines and an aromatic part linked to silica gel to separate
Table 4. T1 Measurement Data for 7 mg of (BorO)4PcH2 (12):
Aggregated, 250 MHz
T1 (ms)
chem shift (ppm)
300 K
310 K
320 K
330 K
340 K
-2.0
1.0-1.3
1.6
398
385
340
205
236
300
137
353
360
309
185
230
297
120
375
395
330
189
242
314
120
103
372
405
348
197
257
336
130
166
396
440
373
209
278
361
156
182
2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted phthalocyanines.
A
monofunctionalized spacer, (4-aminobutyl)dimethylmethoxysi-
lane (14), was used to synthesize HPLC phases based on silica
gel. Activated carboxylic acids (imidazoles) 21-23 can easily
be connected at this spacer (14) without dimerization or
polymerization of the spacer molecule. Another advantage of
monofunctional spacers is an easy purification of the connected
products (24-27) by flash chromatography (Scheme 2). The
part responsible for the π-π interactions is the commericially
available 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (15) and its
derivatives 16, 17, and 19. Scheme 2 shows the synthesis of
the HPLC phases 28-31.
Each phase (28-31) is identified by elemental analysis,
thermogravimetry, and IR, 13C-CP/MAS NMR, and 29Si-CP/
MAS spectroscopy. For the (o-nitrophenyl)quinoline phase 29,
a contact time variation with 29Si-CP/MAS spectroscopy is
carried out to determine the covering of this phase in comparison
with the data from elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravim-
etry (TG).
1.9
2.8-3.0
5.0
7.4-7.6
8.4-8.5
8.8-9.2
d6 are used. The phthalocyanines 3 and 12 are chosen because
aggregation is less likely with these bulky side groups and the
aggregates can be broken at higher temperatures. In Tables
1-5, the results of the T1 and T2 measurements of 3 and 12
between 300 and 340 K are shown.
As can be seen from Table 3 for 12, the T2 relaxation time is
much shorter than the T1 relaxation time. For 3, T2 relaxation
times cannot be determined. Therefore, it is advantageous to
increase the temperature, because then the T2 relaxation time
increases and the signals show less broadening, so that coupling
constants below 2 Hz can be easily resolved. The determination

10088 J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996
Scheme 2. Synthesis of Phases 28-31
Sommerauer et al.
for the comparison with other columns. Table 6 shows the
characteristics of these columns.
The parameters for columns with good separation qualities
are given in the literature10 and are compared with the
parameters of columns used in this report showing a good
agreement (Table 6).
Separation of the phthalocyanines 3-13 is achieved analyti-
cally with phases 28-31 and on a preparative scale with phase
29. As eluent, a mixture of either toluene or THF and hexane
according to Table 7 is used.
Table 7 shows that the C4h and D2h isomers of 3a,b (Figure
1) can be separated with phase 29 (Scheme 2) (comparable
results were obtained with phase 30). It is also possible to enrich
the C2V isomer of 3 to 58% and the Cs isomer to 86% after
three repetitions with the same phase. The symmetries of the
separated and enriched isomers of 3 are proved by UV/vis, 1H-
NMR, and 13C-DEPT135-NMR spectroscopy. Generally, a
separation can be achieved when the side chains or rings of the
phthalocyanines contain six or more C atoms (3-13). The
separation is better when bulky substituents in the periphery of
the phthalocyanine ring (e.g., 3, 12, 6, or 13) are used.
As shown in Table 7, one possibility to achieve better
separations of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetraalkoxy-substituted
phthalocyanines is to vary the peripheral substituents of the
macrocycle. Another possibility is to develop new HPLC
phases. First, we improved the electronic situation of the phases
by nitration of the phenyl ring of the phenylquinoline system
15 to obtain 16 and 17. With both phases 29 and 30, it is
possible to separate the D2h and C4h isomers (Table 7 and Figure
2).
A further alteration of the phenylquinoline system 15 is
carried out by introducing an additional nitro group and a butyl
group. The second nitro group leads to a further increase of
the π-π interactions with the phthalocyanines. The more nitro
groups added to the basic system 15, the more the retention
time of the compounds on the column was increased. An
example is given in Table 8.
Therefore, the polarity of the eluent must be raised. The butyl
group induces a steric effect. With this phase (31), for the first
time it is possible to separate practically all four isomers of 12,
as shown in Figure 3.
The separation of the nickel phthalocyanines 3-11 using
phase 31 is less successful: although a complete separation of
the C2V and Cs isomers of 12 is possible, the separation of the
nickel phthalocyanines 3-11 shows only a shoulder between
the C2V and Cs isomers.
The aromatic region of the 1H-NMR spectra recorded at 330-
340 K of the phthalocyanines is used to determine the point
group of the separated or enriched isomers. As discussed above,
the elevated temperature is necessary to obtain well-resolved
spectra. Each phthalocyanine contains four isoindoline units.
The typical pattern is a doublet of doublets for Ha (3JHab ) 9.2
The contact time variation gives information about all Si
atoms which are on or near the silica gel surface (cross
polarization). The used silica gel is totally porous, so that all
Si atoms can be cross-polarized. The 29Si-CP/MAS spectrum
shows three signals: the signal at 13.4 ppm belongs to the Si
atom (M) of the spacer, the one at -101 ppm (Q3) to
SiO3/2(OH), and the one at -110 ppm (Q4) to SiO4/2. According
to this measurement, the (o-nitrophenyl)quinoline phase 29
consists of 57.7 ( 4.5% Q4, 32.3 ( 4.3% Q3, and 10.0 ( 0.9%
M groups. The covering can be calculated to 0.24 mmol/g (0.69
µmol/m2) and is in good agreement with the results of the other
methods, EA and TG.
4
Hz and JHab′ ) 1.9 Hz) (Figure 4), a doublet for Hb (3JHba
)
9.2 Hz), and a doublet for Hb′ (4JHb′a ) 1.9 Hz). In the cases
of the C4h and D2h isomers, all isoindoline units are equal, and
the pattern of the three aromatic protons is shown only once.
The C2V isomer has two different units, leading to a double signal
pattern, and in the Cs isomer, all four units are different (Table
9), and the pattern of the aromatic protons appears four times
for this isomer. In the spectrum of the Cs isomer, signal overlap
occurs, because of the low chemical shift difference of the
different protons of the four units. The C4h and D2h isomers
show nearly identical NMR spectra (Figure 4), and hence the
With these phases, HPLC columns are packed and tested with
1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (1 µL of 10% solution of 1,3,5-tri-
tert-butylbenzene in hexane) to obtain characteristic parameters
(10) Meyer, V. R. Praxis der Hochleistungsflu¨ssigkeitschromatographie,
7th ed.; O. Salle Verlag, Verlag Sauerla¨nder: Aarau, Frankfurt a. M.,
Salzburg, 1992; pp 96-121.

Separation of Tetrasubstituted Phthalocyanines
J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996 10089
Table 6. Characteristics of the Prepared HPLC Columns
reduced separation
reduced
velocity, V
flow
resistance, φ
separation
impedance, E
column
height, H
phenylquinoline (28)
5.1
4.3
4.1
3.3
2-5
3.0
3.9
4.1
2.25
3-20
1224
1340
1275
1415
31 710
24 940
21 430
15 280
2000-105
(o-nitrophenyl)quinoline (29)
(p-nitrophenyl)quinoline (30)
(dinitrobutylphenyl)quinoline (31)
literature9
500-1000
Table 7. Ratio of the Relative Retention Times R of the
Phthalocyanines 3-13 with Phase 29
Pc
eluent
RC /RC
RC ,C /RD
,C
2V
4h
s
2v
s
2h
3
12
4
5
6
13
7
8
9
10
11
THF/n-hexane 2:8
THF/cyclohexane 2:8
THF/n-hexane 2:8
toluene/n-hexane 7:3
THF/n-hexane 3:7
THF/n-hexane 2:8
THF/n-hexane 2:8
THF/n-hexane 2:8
THF/n-hexane 1:9
THF/n-hexane 1:9
toluene/n-hexane 7:3
1.46
1.21
1.26
1.45
1.45
1.50
1.28
1.41
1.22
1.30
1.20
1.37
1.17
1.12
1.25
1.25
1.23
1.44
1.46
1.14
1.30
1.11
Figure 3. Separation of 12 with phase 31. Flow, 1.5 mL/min; pressure,
78 bar; eluent, 5% THF and 95% n-hexane; peak detection, 330 nm.
Figure 2. Separation of 3 with phase 29. Flow, 1.5 mL/min; pressure,
75 bar; eluent, 20% THF and 80% n-hexane; peak detection, 330 nm.
Table 8. Relative Retention Times R of Phthalocyanine 7a-d in
the Used Columns 28-31 Using the Same Eluent, 60% Toluene
and 40% n-Hexane
R of the
R of the
R of the
C
4h isomer
C
2V and Cs
D
2h isomer
column
7a
isomers 7c,d
7b
phenylquinoline (28)
(o-nitrophenyl)quinoline (29)
(p-nitrophenyl)quinoline (30)
(dinitrobutylphenyl)quinoline
(31)
0.17
0.63
0.64
3.70
0.21
0.92
0.93
4.95
no separation
1.20
1.23
5.90
UV/vis spectra are recorded in CH2Cl2 to determine the point
groups. The spectrum with a split Q-band is assigned to the
D2h symmetry. The split Q-band is due to the symmetry
reduction, which necessarily means that the phthalocyanines
must be planar and the peripheral substituents do not hinder
each other. The splitting of the Q-band is 17 nm. The C4h
isomer shows the smallest width of the Q-band at half-height,
as predicted in theory. Table 9 shows the NMR, UV/vis, and
IR data of the four isomers of (BorO)4PcNi (3). In the
fingerprint region of the IR spectra of the separated and enriched
isomers are differences depending on the symmetry of the
isomers. The D2h and C4h isomers show fewer bands than the
two other ones. Some IR bands of the enriched Cs isomer are
broad in this region because vibration bands overlap. For the
correct assignment of these bands, an analysis of the normal
coordinates would be necessary. Figure 4 shows the 1H-NMR
and 13C-DEPT135-NMR spectra of the pure isomers 3a,b. The
two protons b and b′ of 3b show a low-field shift, because two
alkoxy groups in the neighborhood decrease the electron density
Figure 4. 1H-NMR spectra (250.13 MHz, 330 K) of the aromatic
region of the separated pure isomers 3a,b in C6D6 and 13C-DEPT-NMR
spectra (62.89 MHz, 300 K) of 3a,b in CDCl3.
of the aromatic system more than only one group in the case of
3a. For proton a, the influence of the aromatic system is less
strong, and the influence of the alkoxy group is the same in
both ortho positions; therefore, the shift difference is nearly zero
between 3a and 3b (Figure 4).
Table 10 shows the comparable data for the metal-free
phthalocyanine 12. With these data, as explained above, the
point groups are unequivocally determined. Table 10 and Figure
5 also show that, although the C2V (12c) and Cs isomers (12d)
are not separated to the baseline (Figure 3), pure samples of
the C2V and Cs isomers can be obtained (Figure 5).
Because all UV/vis spectra of the isomers show a split
Q-band, the assignment of the D2h and C4h isomers is done by

10090 J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996
Sommerauer et al.
Table 9. Spectroscopic Data for the Separated and Enriched Isomers of (BorO)4PcNi (3) (Assignment According to Figure 4)
isomers
C4h (3a)
C
2V (3c, 58% from integral Hb′)
Cs (3d, 86% from integral Hb′)
D2h (3b)
1H-NMR (C6D6, 250 MHz,
330 K, aromatic region only)
340 K (ppm)
Ha: 7.75, dd, J ) 9.2,
1.9 Hz Hb′: 8.71 br
Hb: 9.13-9.33, 6d,
J ) 9.2 Hz
Ha: 7.70-7.82, 6dd, J ) 9.2,
1.9 Hz Hb′: 8.96 br, 8.82, 8.84,
8.87, 8.97 from Cs, J ) 1.9 Hz Hb:
9.45, d, J ) 9.2 Hz
Ha: 7.69-7.82, 6dd, J ) 9.2,
1.9 Hz Hb′: 8.82, 8.84, 8.87,
8.97, d, J ) 1.9 Hz, 8.96 br
from C2V Hb: 9.13-9.33, 6d,
J ) 9.2 Hz
Ha: 7.81, dd, J ) 9.2,
1.9 Hz Hb′: 9.08, d,
J ) 1.9 Hz Hb: 9.45,
d, J ) 9.2 Hz
DEPT135 (C6D6/CS2,
62.89 MHz, 300 K) (-,
negative intensity; sp, split
signals) (ppm)
14.45, 19.74, 20.26,
27.54-, 28.67-,
37.71-, 45.90, 83.83,
106.28, 118.74,
123.07
676.0, 609.3, 385.2,
328.0, 307.6
14.67, 19.79, 20.38, 27.92-,
28.94-, 37.86- (sp), 46.26,
84.11 (sp), 106.51 (sp), 119.47
and 119.28, 123.50 (sp)
14.71, 19.68 (sp), 20.40, 27.94-, 14.51, 19.52, 20.24,
28.97-, 37.86- (sp), 46.28,
84.08 (sp), 106.55 (sp), 119.28
and 119.39 (sp), 123.34 and
123.50 (br)
677.5, 609.9, 385.2, 327.8,
305.2
27.55-, 28.63-,
37.75-, 45.91,
83.90, 105.76,
119.35, 123.18
685.3, 668.3, 608.3,
388.9, 328.2, 302.9
35.6
UV/vis (CH2Cl2) (nm)
677.5, 609.9, 385.2, 327.8, 305.2
25.4
width of the Q-band at
half-height (nm)
22.1
25.4
IR data (cm-1
)
2951 (s), 2926 (s),
2872 (m), 1612 (s),
1533 (w), 1497 (w),
1470 (s), 1418 (m),
1388 (w), 1354 (m),
1271 (m), 1244 (s),
1121 (s), 1097 (s),
1067 (s), 1024 (m),
993 (m), 958 (w), 871
(w), 852 (w), 817 (w),
808 (w), 750 (m), 736
(w), 644 (w)
2951 (s), 2872 (m), 1612 (s),
1573 (w), 1531 (w), 1510 (w),
1477 (s), 1416 (m), 1391 (w),
1365 (w), 1352 (w), 1328 (w),
1304 (w), 1261 (m), 1242 (s),
1182 (w), 1164 (w), 1117 (s),
1094 (s), 1065 (s), 1051 (s), 1022
(s), 993 (m), 957 (w), 869 (w),
852 (w), 806 (s), 750 (m), 649
(w)
2963 (m), 2871 (w), 1612 (m,
broad), 1571 (w), 1479 (m,
broad), 1452 (w), 1416 (m),
1391 (w), 1365 (w), 1354 (w),
1330 (w), 1303 (w), 1261 (s),
1245 (w), 1096 (s), 1067 (s),
1053 (s), 1022 (s), 958 (w), 868
(m), 802 (s), 750 (m), 700 (w,
broad)
2955 (s), 2930 (s),
2872 (m), 1614 (s),
1533 (w), 1483 (s),
1427 (w), 1406 (m),
1388 (w), 1354 (w),
1261 (s), 1242 (s),
1128 (w), 1092 (s),
1061 (s), 1022 (s),
964 (w), 854 (w),
802 (s), 750 (m), 678
(w)
Table 10. Spectroscopic Data for the Separated Isomers of (BorO)4PcH2 (12) (Assignment According to Figure 4)
isomers
C4h (12a)
C
2V (12c)
Cs (12d)
D2h (12b)
1H-NMR (C6D6, 250 MHz, Ha: 7.86, dd, J ) 8.4, 1.9
Ha: 7.82-7.9 Hb′: 9.3, 9.7, 2d, Ha: 7.83-7.9 Hb′: 9.33, 9.35,
Ha: 7.85, dd, J ) 8.4, 1.9
Hz Hb′: 9.24, d, J ) 1.9
Hz Hb: 9.61, d, J ) 8.4
Hz
330 K, aromatic region
only) (ppm)
Hz Hb′: 9.31, d, J ) 1.9
J ) 1.9 Hz Hb: 9.68, dd, J )
2d, J ) 1.9 Hz Hb: 9.66, 9.65,
9.67, 3d, J ) 8.4 Hz
Hz Hb: 9.64, d, J ) 8.4 Hz
8.4 Hz
UV/vis (benzene) (nm)
707.2, 670.1, 650.8,
607.7, 395.0 sh, 352.5
53.7
706.7, 672.1, 646.3, 610.8,
398.1, 345.1, 290.5
54.4
706.9, 672.1, 646.3, 611.4,
397.9, 345.3, 290.6
54.7
711.0, 670.3, 641.3,
608.6, 390.0, 348.5
56.7
width of the Q-band at
half-height (nm)
IR data (cm-1
)
3296 (w), 3028 (m), 2953
(s), 1612 (m), 1502 (m),
1470 (m), 1391 (m), 1365
(w), 1346 (w), 1323 (w),
1259 (m), 1242 (m), 1215
(w), 1115 (s), 1097 (m),
1055 (m), 1022 (m), 939
(w), 871 (w), 846 (w),
746 (w), 612 (m)
3296 (m), 3064 (w), 2953 (s),
2877 (m), 1612 (s), 1500 (w),
1477 (s), 1452 (w), 1427 (w),
1391 (m), 1366 (w), 1344 (w),
1321 (m), 1259 (s), 1163 (w),
1115 (s), 1097 (s), 1072 (s),
1053 (s), 1014 (s), 939 (w),
873 (w), 854 (w), 808 (m),
750 (m)
3294 (w), 3064 (w), 2953 (s),
2873 (m), 1614 (s), 1500
3294 (w), 2953 (s), 2926
(s), 2870 (m), 2854 (m),
1612 (s), 1479 (s), 1452
(m), 1427 (w), 1390 (w),
1365 (w), 1326 (w), 1261
(s), 1240 (s), 1164 (m),
1115 (s), 1097 (s), 1055
(s), 1030 (s), 937 (w),
804 (m), 743 (m)
(w), 1477 (s), 1454 (w), 1427
(w), 1391 (m), 1365 (w), 1344
(w), 1323 (m), 1259 (s), 1242
(s), 1163 (w), 1114 (s), 1097
(s), 1072 (s), 1053 (s), 1015
(s), 939 (w), 871 (w), 854 (w),
808 (m), 748 (m), 717 (w)
phthalocyanines 3-13, detected with UV light at 330 nm, are
valid, because all four isomers have the same extinction
coefficient at this wavelength. Normally, the C2V and the Cs
isomers 3-11 and 13 are not separated completely from each
other, but the peak area of both isomers (C2V and Cs) in the
chromatograms has, in each case, 75% accumulation. The
aromatic regions in the 1H-NMR spectra show always a pattern
which is due to 25% C2V and 50% Cs isomer.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have shown that, by developing new HPLC
phases 28-31, which consist of π-acceptor molecules linked
by a spacer (14) to the silicon surface, it is possible for the first
time to separate or enrich the four constitutional isomers of
2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrasubstituted alkoxyphthalocyanines
3-13 using a comparatively large alkoxy group (e.g., bornyl-
oxy). The determination of the symmetry of the four isomers
is carried out by a combination of 1H-NMR, 13C-DEPT-NMR,
IR, and UV/vis spectroscopy, as we have achieved earlier with
1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)-tetrasubstituted alkoxyphthalocyanines
(e.g., 1). The best conditions for 1H-NMR measurements of 3
and 12 are determined by investigation of T1 and T2 relaxation
times, depending on temperature and concentration.
Figure 5. 1H-NMR spectra (250.13 MHz, 330 K) of the aromatic
region of the separated pure isomers 12a-d in C6D6.
analogy to the corresponding nickel phthalocyanine 3. Another
link for the right assignment is the small Q-band of the C4h
isomer 12a. For all investigated phthalocyanines 3-13, we find
the same distribution of the four isomers (by NMR spectros-
copy): 12.5% C4h, 25% C2V, 50% Cs, and 12.5% D2h isomer
(Table 7). The peak areas in the HPLC chromatograms of the

Separation of Tetrasubstituted Phthalocyanines
J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996 10091
Table 11. Experimental Data for the Preparation of the Nickel
Phthalocyanines 3-6 and 8-11
49.78, 49.85, 83.37, 83.49, 105.24, 105.55, 105.67, 118.51, 122.29,
122.61, 129.16, 129.44, 138.07, 144.55 (m), 160.32; IR (KBr disk) ν
2951 (s), 2951 (m), 1612 (s), 1531 (m), 1477 (s), 1416 (m), 1391 (w),
2352 (m), 1329 (m), 1281 (m), 1238(s), 1126 (s), 1096 (s), 1065 (s),
1024 (s), 993 (w), 892 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 677.5 (1.648),
610.0 (0.356), 388.5 (0.289), 328.0 (0.403), 302.5 (0.605), 280.0
(0.553), 241.0 (0.291) nm. Anal. Calcd for C72H80N8O4Ni: C, 73.31;
H, 6.84; N, 9.51. Found: C, 71.88; H, 6.77; N, 9.18.
reaction
solvent for
yield
(%)
R4PcNi
time (h) solvent chromatograhy
(1S)-endo-(-)-bornyloxy (3)
cyclohexyloxy (4)
octyloxy (5)
cyclooctyloxy (6)
cyclododecyloxy (8)
(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-
oxy (9)
120
60
24
22
48
22
DMF
DMF
CHCl3
Et2O
11.4
49.8
DMAE CHCl3/n-hex 1:1 48.2
DMAE toluene
DMF
DMF
48.8
19.1
79.7
toluene
toluene
Tetrakis[(cyclohexyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (4): dark blue
powder; MS (FD) m/e 962.4 (M+); 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 1.5-
2.0 (m, 24H), 2.19 (m, 8H), 2.43 (br, 8H), 4.74 (br, 4H), 6.82-7.36
(br, 4H), 7.6-7.90 (br, 8H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 24.08,
26.11, 29.73, 32.12, 32.21, 74.92, 74.99, 75.12, 75.33, 75.48, 104.39,
105.54, 117.59, 118.04, 121.62 (m), 128.01 (m), 136.65 (m), 142.23
(m), 158.16; IR (KBr disk) ν 3067 (w), 2930 (s), 2854 (m), 1610 (s),
1477 (m), 1468 (s), 1413 (m), 1339 (m), 1234 (s), 1121 (m), 1094 (s),
1020 (m), 972 (m), 750 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 676 (3.195),
613 (0.896) sh, 385 (0.636), 364 (0.608), 328 (1.024), 301 (1.653) sh,
283 (1.642), 244 (1.122) nm. Anal. Calcd for C56H56N8O4Ni: C,
69.83; H, 5.86; N, 11.62. Found: C, 68.96; H, 6.08; N, 11.60.
Tetrakis[(octyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (5): dark blue pow-
(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-
methylphenyloxy (10)
cyclohexylthio (11)
66
72
DMF
DMF
toluene
CHCl3
55.3
11.0
Experimental Section
General. All reactions were performed under dry nitrogen, and all
solvents were dried according to standard methods. Commercially
available reagents were used as purchased. The 4-substituted 1,2-
dicyanobenzenes were synthesized according to reported procedures.7,11
NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AMX 400, ASX 300, or ARX
250, IR spectra on a Bruker IFS 48, mass spectra on a Varian MAT
711, and UV/vis spectra on Shimadzu UV-365 and UV-3102 PC
spectrometers. Elemental analysis were carried out using a Carlo Erba
elemental analyzer 1106 and thermogravimetry on a Netsch STA 409
apparatus. HPLC were conducted using Beckmann System Gold
(Autosampler 507, programmable solvent module 126 and diode array
detector module 168) and Kronlab systems (Mastercron 4 high-
performance pump, Dynamax absorbance detector module UV-1, and
Gilson fraction collector Model 201). Melting points were taken on a
Gallenkamp melting point apparatus and were uncorrected.
1
der, MS (FD) m/e 1084.5 (M++1), 541.3 (M2+); H-NMR (CDCl3,
250 MHz) δ 0.96 (br, 12H), 1.36 (br, 40H), 1.66 (br, 8H), 3.5 (br,
8H), 5.9-6.9 (br, 12H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 14.21, 22.86,
26.19, 26.23, 29.47, 29.80, 32.03, 67.29 (m), 101.08 (m), 116.20 (m),
120.36 (m), 127.42 (m), 135.14 (m), 141.5 (m), 158.34 (m); IR (KBr
disk) ν 3068 (w), 2924 (s), 2854 (m), 1612 (s), 1485 (m), 1468 (s),
1352 (m), 1242 (s), 1123 (m), 1097 (s), 750 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2),
λ (ꢀ) 676 (0.539), 625 (0.203) sh, 381 (0.154), 363 (0.158), 328 (0.252),
302 (0.378) sh, 280 (0.413), 243 (0.322) nm. Anal. Calcd for
C64H80N8O4Ni: C, 70.94; H, 7.45; N, 10.35. Found: C, 69.64; H, 8.00;
N, 9.37.
The T1 and T2 measurements were carried out on a Bruker ARX
250. Acquisition and processing of the data were done with the
software of Bruker UXNMR 941002.2 and XWINNMR 1.1. For each
T1 measurement, the inversion recovery technique is used (pulse
program, Bruker t1ir ARX version). The relaxation delay is 5 s, and
the delay between the 180° and 90° pulses is incremented with 40 ms
and 64 increments. For each T2 measurement, the Carr-Purcell-
Meiboom-Gill sequence is used (pulse program, Bruker cpmg ARX
version). The relaxation delay is 5 s, and the delay between the 180°
pulses (fixed echo time) is 2 ms. The length of the 180° pulse train is
incremented with 10 ms and 64 increments. All relaxation time
measurements were carried out in benzene-d6 without degassing the
solution. A degassed (nitrogen) sample of 3 shows the same relaxation
times as a nondegassed solution.
Tetrakis[(cyclooctyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (6): dark blue
powder; MS (FD) m/e 1074.4 (M+), 2150.7, 3225.9; 1H-NMR (CDCl3,
250 MHz) δ 1.9 (br, 16H), 2.1-2.3 (br, 16H), 4.8 (br, 4H), 7.0-7.2
(br, 4H), 7.4-8.0 (br, 8H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3/CS2, 62.89 MHz) δ 23.31,
23.39, 25.89, 25.98, 27.64, 27.70, 31.56, 31.70, 77.76, 77.91, 104.85,
118.09, 121.65, 128.32, 136.94, 141.90, 142.20, 142.75, 158.18, 158.25;
IR (KBr disk) ν 3068 (w), 2920 (s), 2853 (m), 1610 (s), 1533 (m),
1477 (m), 1416 (m), 1350 (m), 1236 (s), 1124 (m), 1094 (s), 1063 (s),
976 (m), 820 (w), 750 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 677.5 (1.702),
610.5 (0.437) sh, 386.0 (0.329), 327.5 (0.510), 301.5 (0.786), 286.0
(0.762), 244.5 (0.518) nm. Anal. Calcd for C64H72N8O4Ni: C, 71.44;
H, 6.74; N, 10.41. Found: C, 70.31; H, 6.68; N, 10.20.
Tetrakis[(cyclododecyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (8): dark
1
blue powder; MS (FD) m/e 1300.3 (M+ + 1); H-NMR (CDCl3, 250
The separation of the isomers of 3 and 12 was carried out by
preparative HPLC. Portions of 10 mg of phthalocyanine in 10 mL of
eluent were given on the preparative column (250 mm × 16 mm with
a precolumn, 30 mm × 16 mm). The separation was repeated eight
times to get enough pure isomers for 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The
samples of pure or enriched isomers were collected with a fraction
collector (see above). The samples were evaporated to dryness and
washed with methanol to remove impurities of the used solvents.
MHz) δ 1.3-2.2 (br, 44H), 4.9 (br, 4H), 7.5 (br, 4H), 8.3-9.0 (br,
8H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 19.46, 20.34, 22.35, 22.99,
25.15, 27.28, 28.17, 75.94, 105.62, 119.24, 122.82, 128.86, 129.38,
129.59, 138.45, 143.9 (m), 159.68; IR (KBr disk) ν 2934 (s), 2862
(m), 1612 (m), 1533 (w), 1472 (m), 1414 (m), 1348 (m), 1277 (w),
1234 (m), 1123 (m), 1094 (s), 1062 (m), 997 (w), 752 (w) cm-1; UV
(CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 678.0 (1.561), 625.0 (0.367) sh, 610.5 (0.304), 386.5
(0.232), 328.5 (0.392), 302.0 (0.639) sh, 244.5 (0.392) nm. Anal. Calcd
for C80H104N8O4Ni: C, 73.92; H, 8.07; N, 8.63. Found: C, 73.30; H,
9.31; N, 8.61.
Tetrakis[((3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel-
(II) (9): dark blue powder; MS (FD) m/e 1387.0 (M+), 2776.4, 4164.6;
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 1.36, 1.38, 1.40, 1.41 (all s, 72H), 7.26,
7.27, 7.30, 7.32 (all s, 8H), 7.50 (m, 4H), 8.20-8.53 (m, 8H); 13C-
NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 31.46, 34.91, 34.94, 109.76, 110.23,
113.97, 114.08, 114.17, 117.42, 117.54, 119.57, 122.52, 130.39, 137.25,
144.52 (m), 152.41, 152.43, 152.47, 156.56, 156.71, 158.64; IR (KBr
disk) ν 2963 (s), 2905 (w), 2867 (w), 1607 (m), 1587 (s), 1485 (m),
1475 (s), 1416 (s), 1298 (m), 1232 (s), 1123 (m), 1094 (s), 970 (m)
cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 676.5 (1.147), 645.5 (0.293) sh, 608.5 (0.287),
382.5 (0.194), 332.0 (0.326), 299.5 (0.530), 285.5 (0.514), 253.0 (0.393)
nm. Anal. Calcd for C88H96N8O4Ni: C, 76.15; H, 6.98; N, 8.08.
Found: C, 74.89; H, 6.88; N, 8.01.
1
For H-NMR spectroscopy, 1 mg of each sample was dissolved in
CDCl3 and measured at high temperature (330-340 K). For 13C-DEPT-
NMR spectroscopy, 4 mg of each sample was dissolved in CDCl3/CS2
(3:1) and measured at 300 K.
General Procedure for the Synthesis of Phthalocyanines 3-11.
1,2-Dicyano-4-alkoxybenzene (2 mmol) and nickel chloride (64.95 mg,
0.5 mmol) were dissolved in 5 mL of absolute solvent (DMF or
DMAE). This mixture was heated under reflux for several hours (Table
11). After the reaction, the solvent was distilled and the residue purified
by chromatography over silica gel as shown in Table 11. Then purified
product was then dissolved in a small amount of dichloromethane
(DCM) and precipitated with methanol.
Tetrakis[((1S)-endo-(-)-bornyloxy)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (3):
1
dark blue powder; MS (FD) m/e 1178.4 (M+); H-NMR (CDCl3, 250
MHz) δ 1.11, 1.12 (s, 12H), 1.23, 1.26, 1.28 (s, 24H), 1.6 (br, 12H),
2.01 (br, 8H), 2.59 (br, 4H), 2.83 (br, 4H), 4.87 (br, 4H), 7.30-7.48
(m, 4H), 8.02-8.71 (m, 8H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3/CS2, 62.89 MHz) δ
14.17, 19.18, 19.38, 19.91, 27.25, 28.34, 37.38, 45.59, 47.79, 49.75,
Tetrakis[((2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]-
1
nickel(II) (10): dark blue powder; MS (FD) m/e 1442.7 (M+); H-
NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 1.24, 1.40 (all s, 72H), 2.10, 2.16 (all s,
12H), 6.96, 6.98, 6.99, 7.01 (all s, 8H), 7.74-7.94 (m, 4H), 8.80-
(11) Siegl, W. O. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1981, 18, 1613.

10092 J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996
Sommerauer et al.
8.91 (br, 4H), 9.03-9.31 (m, 4H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3/CS2, 62.89 MHz)
δ 25.30, 25.48, 29.49, 34.72, 44.15, 44.21, 118,92, 119.20, 122.41 (m),
128.63, 135.80 (m), 137.80 (m), 144.64, 144.73, 145.24, 145.99, 185.75;
IR (KBr disk) ν 3068 (w), 2924 (s), 2854 (m), 1612 (s), 1485 (m),
1468 (s), 1352 (m), 1242 (s), 1123 (m), 1097 (s), 750 (m) cm-1; UV
(CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 670.0 (1.082), 643.0 (0.179) sh, 604.0 (0.171), 365.0
(0.162) sh, 336.0 (0.259), 297.5 (0.287), 274.0 (0.260), 246.5 (0.350)
nm. Anal. Calcd for C92H104N8O4Ni: C, 76.52; H, 7.26; N, 7.76.
Found: C, 75.74; H, 7.22; N, 7.47.
zation from acetone gave (p-nitrophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid
(17): yield 3g (63.8%) as yellow powder, decomposes at 200 °C (CO2
evolution).
For 16: yield 1.2 g; MS m/z (relative intensity) 294.1 (M+), 249.0,
1
204.0 (100), 176.0, 124.5, 101.0, 87.9, 74.9; H-NMR (DMSO, 250
MHz) δ 7.75 (t, 1H), 7.88 (t, 1H), 8.19 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 2H), 8.53 (d,
2H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.64 (d, 1H), 14.01 (s, br, 1H); 13C-NMR (DMSO,
62.89 MHz) δ 119.46, 123.83, 124.01, 125.43, 128.43, 128.62, 129.98,
130.56, 138.02, 143.67, 148.16, 148.31, 153.53, 167.35; IR (KBr disk)
ν 3093 s, 2921 s, 2530 s, 1717 (s), 1595 (m), 1531 (s), 1348 (s), 1244
(m), 1200 (m), 798 (m), 762 (m), 696 (m) cm-1. Anal. Calcd for
C16H10N2O4: C, 65.31; H, 3.43; N, 9.52. Found: C, 65.33; H, 3.63;
N, 9.60.
Tetrakis[(cyclohexylthio)phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (11): dark
blue powder; MS (FD) m/e 1026.2 (M+), 513.0 (M2+); 1H-NMR
(CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 1.7 (br), 1.9 (br), 2.1 (br), 2.3 (br), 3.5 (br, 4H),
6.9-7.7 (br, 12H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 26.18 (2 peaks),
33.49, 45.78, 46.11, 46.47, 120.02 (m), 121.70 (m), 122.60 (m), 129.43
(m), 130.08 (m), 131.48 (m), 133.79 (m), 136.11 (m); IR (KBr disk) ν
2928 (s), 2853 (m), 1605 (s), 1533 (w), 1448 (m), 1400 (m), 1313
(m), 1261 (m), 1144 (m), 1099 (m), 1087 (m), 1043 (w), 997 (w), 935
(m), 818 (w), 750 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 683.0 (0.735), 650.5
(0.364) sh, 622.5 (0.308) sh, 412.5 (0.145) sh, 364.0 (0.188) sh, 334.0
(0.325), 301.5 (0.571), 261.5 (0.401) nm. Anal. Calcd for C56H56N8-
NiS4: C, 65.43; H, 5.49; N, 10.89; S, 12.47. Found: C, 64.06; H,
5.39; N, 10.66; S, 12.40.
For 17: yield 0.55 g; MS m/z (relative intensity) 294.1 (M+), 249.0,
1
204.0 (100), 176.0, 124.5, 101.0, 87.9, 74.9; H-NMR (DMSO, 250
MHz) δ 7.76 (t, J ) 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (t, J ) 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.92, (dd,
J ) 7.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J ) 8 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (dd, J ) 7.5, 2.2
Hz, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J ) 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J ) 7.6 Hz,
1H), 9.05 (t, J ) 1.8 Hz, 1H), 14.10 (s, br, 1H); 13C-NMR (DMSO,
62.89 MHz) δ 119.04, 121.51, 123.79, 124.30, 125.39, 128.34, 129.85,
130.49 (2C), 133.36, 138.03, 139.36, 148.22, 148.44, 153.35, 167.38;
IR (KBr disk) ν 3001 (w), 2932 (w), 2850 (w), 2642 (w), 1699 (s),
1514 (s), 1416 (m), 1348 (s), 1319 (m), 1277 (m), 1259 (m), 860 (m),
847 (m), 762 (m) cm-1. Anal. Calcd for C16H10N2O4: C, 65.31; H,
3.43; N, 9.52. Found: C, 64.63; H, 3.51; N, 9.31.
Tetrakis((1S)-endo-(-)-bornyloxy)phthalocyanine (12). 5-[((1S)-
endo-(-)-bornyloxy)-1,3-dihydro-1,3-diiminoisoindoline (0.5 g, 1.68
mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF and heated under reflux for
60 h. The solvent was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was
dissolved in chloroform and purified by column chromatography (silica
gel, CHCl3). The product was dissolved in a small amount of DCM
and precipitated with methanol to provide 85 mg (18.1%) of 12 as a
N-[(2-Phenyl-4-quinolyl)carbonyl]-4-(dimethylmethoxysilyl)bu-
tanamide (24). Triethylamine (1.9 mL, 13.6 mmol) and 14 (1.2 mL,
6.2 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL of DCM under cooling in an ice
bath. To this solution was added 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid
chloride (20) (1.9 g, 6.2 mmol) in 20 mL of DCM. The cooling bath
was removed and the solution stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The
reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was
dissolved in DCM/acetonitrile (10:1). The crude product was purified
with flash chromatography (silica gel 40-63 µm) in DCM/acetonitrile
(10:1): yield 1.3 g (53.4%) as colorless oil; MS m/z (relative intensity)
392.3 (M+), 363.2, 349.2, 317.1, 261.1, 232.1, 204.1 (100), 176.0, 149.0,
89.0; 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 0.0 (s, 6H, SiCH3), 0.56 (m, 2H,
SiCH2), 1.37 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.60 (qi, 2H, J ) 7.3 Hz, CH2), 3.30 (s,
3H, OCH3), 3.39 (q, 2H, J ) 6.22 Hz, NCH3), 6.5 (s, 1H, NH), 7.30
(m, 4H, ArH), 7.57 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.93 (m, 4H, ArH); 13C-NMR
(CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ -2.6, 15.6, 20.7, 33.0, 39.8, 50.2, 116.3, 123.3,
125.0, 127.2, 127.4 (2C), 128.8 (2C), 129.7, 129.9, 130.1, 138.7, 143.2,
148.5, 156.6, 167.6; 29Si-NMR (CDCl3, 49.69 MHz) δ 11.2; IR (KBr
disk) ν 3273 (m), 3062 s, 2932 s, 1643 (s), 1591 (m), 1549 (s), 1495
s, 1350 (m), 1288 s, 1252 (m), 1088 (s), 841 (m), 771 (m), 694 (w)
cm-1. Anal. Calcd for C23H28N2O2Si: C, 70.37; H, 7.19; N, 7.14.
Found: C, 70.82; H, 6.83; N, 6.92.
1
blue powder: MS (FD) m/e 1123.0 (M+ + 1); H-NMR (CDCl3, 250
MHz) δ -1.59 (br, 2H), 1.09 (s, 12H), 1.22, 1.27 (s, 24H), 1.6 (br,
12H), 1.99 (br, 8H), 2.59 (br, 4H), 2.83 (br, 4H), 4.94 (br, 4H), 7.48-
7.65 (m, 4H), 8.35-8.50 (m, 4H), 8.80-9.12 (m, 4H); 13C-NMR
(CDCl3, 62.89 MHz) δ 13.54, 14.07, 19.10, 19.28, 19.50, 19.84, 26.72,
27.18, 27.87, 28.26, 36.43, 37.19, 45.54, 49.71, 49.79, 83.55, 84.02,
106.38, 106.70, 108.98, 118.86, 121.25, 123.47, 128.78, 137.91, 148.78
(m), 160.73, 160.95; IR (KBr disk) ν 3290 (w), 3068 (w), 2951 (s),
2873 (m), 1614 (s), 1475 (s), 1391 (w), 1366 (w), 1258 (s), 1115 (m),
1096 (s), 1053 (m), 1008 (w), 824 (w), 748 (m), 716 (w) cm-1; UV
(CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 707.0 (0.952), 671.5 (0.828), 645.5 (0.312), 610.5
(0.200), 395.0 (0.249), 343.0 (0.483), 292.0 (0.273), 256.0 (0.207) nm.
Anal. Calcd for C72H82N8O4: C, 76.96; H, 7.36; N, 9.98. Found: C,
75.41; H, 7.35; N, 9.83.
Tetrakis(cyclooctyloxy)phthalocyanine (13). 1,2-Dicyano-4-(oc-
tyloxy)benzene (0.45 g, 1.77 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of DMAE
and heated under reflux for 40 h. The solvent was distilled, and the
residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, CHCl3).
The product was dissolved in THF/diethyl ether (1:1) and precipitated
with methanol to provide 80 mg (17.6%) of 13 as a blue powder: MS
N-[(2-(o-Nitrophenyl)-4-quinolyl)carbonyl]-4-(dimethylmeth-
oxysilyl)butanamide (25). (a) 16 (1.2 g, 4.1 mmol) was suspended
in 30 mL of DCM. Under cooling with ice water, 1,1′-carbonyldiimi-
dazole (0.67 g, 4.13 mmol) in 30 mL of DCM was added, and the
mixture was stirred for 2 h. During the reaction, a clear yellow solution
containing 21 was obtained. (b) Without further purification, this
solution was slowly added to an equimolar solution of 14 in 20 mL of
DCM, and the mixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was
evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in DCM/acetonitrile
(10:1). The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (silica
gel 40-63 µm) in DCM/acetonitrile (10:1) (Rf ) 0.29): yield 1.08 g
(60.3%) as yellow powder; mp 144-146 °C; MS m/z (relative intensity)
436.4 (M+), 422.3, 405.3, 362.3, 332.3, 306.2, 277.2, 249.2, 203.2,
1
(FD) m/e 1019.3 (M+ + 1), 2038.9; H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ
-4.2 (br, 2H), 1.87-2.34 (m, br, 60H), 4.84 (br, 4H), 7.11-7.27 (m,
4H), 7.74 -7.83 (m, 4H), 8.09-8.28 (m, 4H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89
MHz) δ 23.34, 23.46, 25.93, 26.01, 27.55, 27.60, 31.75, 31.91, 78.42,
78.47, 78.55, 78.61, 106.36, 106.40, 106.45, 106.51, 106.59, 106.62,
118.79, 118.85, 118.91, 122.88, 122.92, 123.00, 123.05, 128.30, 128.35,
137.29, 127.32, 137.36, 137.46, 147.5 (br), 159.21, 159.26; IR (KBr
disk) ν 3292 (w), 3068 (w), 2920 (s), 2852 (m), 1612 (s), 1477 (s),
1340 (m), 1257 (m), 1236 (s), 1096 (s), 1049 (m), 1011 (s), 973 (m),
822 (w), 748 (m) cm-1; UV (CH2Cl2) λ (ꢀ) 707.0 (1.203), 672.0 (1.032),
644.0 (0.400), 610.5 (0.265), 394.5 (0.330), 344.0 (0.644), 291.0 (0.402)
nm. Anal. Calcd for C64H74N8O4: C, 75.40; H, 7.32; N, 11.00.
Found: C, 74.25; H, 7.09; N, 11.00.
1
176.9, 89.0 (100), 59.0; H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 0.09 (s, 6H,
SiCH3), 0.67 (m, 2H, SiCH2), 1.51 (m, 2H, CH2), 1.72 (qi, 2H, J )
7.3 Hz, CH2), 3.37 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.56 (q, 2H, J ) 6.22 Hz, NCH3),
6.31 (s, 1H, NH), 7.56 (2d, 1H, J ) 7.7 Hz, ArH), 7.63 (2d, 2H, J )
7.7 Hz, ArH), 7.75 (2d, 1H, J ) 7.7 Hz, ArH), 7.86 (s, 1H, ArH), 8.14
(dd, 2H, J ) 7.7, 8.2 Hz, ArH), 8.27 (m, 2H, ArH), 8.47 (d, 1H, J )
7.7 Hz, ArH), 8.96 (s, 1H); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100.61 MHz) δ -2.7,
15.6, 20.7, 32.9, 39.9, 50.2, 115.7, 122.2, 123.7, 124.2, 125.0, 128.0,
129.8, 130.2, 130.6, 133.1, 140.4, 143.8, 148.7, 148.9, 153.8, 167.1;
29Si-NMR (CDCl3, 49.69 MHz) δ 19.44; IR (KBr disk) ν 3277 (m),
3073 (w), 2930 (m), 1641 (s), 1589 (m), 1547 (s), 1527 (s), 1346 (s),
1288 (w), 1252 (m), 1088 (m), 845 (m), 762 (w), 689 (w) cm-1. Anal.
(Mononitrophenyl)quinolinecarboxylic acids (16, 17). 2-Phen-
ylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (15, 4 g, 16 mmol) was slowly added to
a cold solution of 5 mL of 65% HNO3 and 7 mL of 100% H2SO4. The
cooling bath was removed, and the mixture stirred for 2 h at room
temperature. The mixture was heated to 50 °C and stirred again for 2
h. The solution was cooled and poured into ice water. The obtained
residue was washed with water until pH 7, dried at 60 °C, and
recrystallized from ethanol. The first fraction contained pure (o-
nitrophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (16), and all other fractions
contained both possible products 16 and 17. Fractionated recrystalli-

Separation of Tetrasubstituted Phthalocyanines
J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 118, No. 42, 1996 10093
Calcd for C23H28N3O4Si: C, 62.99; H, 6.44; N, 9.59. Found: C, 63.10;
H, 7.31; N, 9.60.
with 50% acetic acid. The creamy precipitate was purified by
recrystallization from ethanol: yield 4.9 (43%) as light red powder;
mp 212 °C; MS m/z (relative intensity) 306 (M+), 276, 262 (100), 215;
1H-NMR (acetone, 250 MHz) δ 0.96 (t, 3H), 1.39 (sx, 2H), 1.68 (q,
2H), 2.73 (t, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.68 (t, 1H), 7.84 (t, 1H), 8.2 (d, 1H),
8.28 (d, 2H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, 1H); 13C-NMR (acetone, 250 MHz)
δ 13.7, 22.5, 33.8, 35.5, 120.0, 124.4, 126.0, 127.6, 127.8, 129.3, 130.2,
130.4, 136.5, 136.9, 145.3, 149.6, 156.7, 165.1; IR (KBr disk) ν 2956
(m), 2928 (s), 2858 (m), 1722 (m), 1645 (w), 1616 (m), 1591 (s), 1418
(m), 1393 (m), 1245 (w) cm-1. Anal. Calcd for C20H19NO2: C, 78.65;
H, 6.28; N, 4.59. Found: C, 78.69; H, 6.13; N, 4.48.
N-[(2-(p-Nitrophenyl)-4-quinolyl)carbonyl]-4-(dimethylmeth-
oxysilyl)butanamide (26). (a) 17 (1 g, 3.4 mmol) was suspended in
40 mL of DCM. The reaction and purification were carried out as
described for compound 25: yield 1.2 g (80.7%) as light yellow powder;
mp 136-138.5 °C; MS m/z (relative intensity) 437.5 (M+), 394.4, 362.3,
308.3, 277.2, 250.3, 203.2, 149.1, 89.1 (100), 59.1; 1H-NMR (CDCl3,
250 MHz) δ 0.09 (s, 6H, SiCH3), 0.67 (m, 2H, SiCH2), 1.51 (m, 2H,
CH2), 1.72 (qi, 2H, J ) 7.3 Hz, CH2), 3.37 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.55 (q,
2H, J ) 6.22 Hz, NCH3), 6.32 (s, 1H, NH), 7.58 (2d, 1H, J ) 7.2 Hz,
ArH), 7.76 (2d, 1H, J ) 7.2 Hz, ArH), 7.86 (s, 1H, ArH), 8.16 (d, 2H,
J ) 7.2 Hz, ArH), 8.29 (s, 4H, ArH); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 62.89 MHz)
δ -2.7, 15.6, 20.7, 32.9, 39.9, 50.3, 116.1, 123.8, 124.0, 125.0, 128.2,
129.8, 130.4, 130.6, 143.7, 144.5, 148.5, 148.7, 153.9, 167.1; 29Si-
NMR (CDCl3, 49.69 MHz) δ 19.47; IR (KBr disk) ν 3278 (m), 3072
(w), 2916 (m), 2841 (w), 1641 (s), 1587 (m), 1548 (s), 1521 (s), 1346
2-(p-Butyldinitrophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic Acid (19). 18 (4.5
g, 14.7 mmol) was slowly added to a cold solution of 5 mL of 100%
HNO3 and 7 mL of 100% H2SO4 and worked up analogously to
(mononitrophenyl)quinolinecarboxylic acid 16 or 17. The yellow
powder was recrystallized from toluene: yield 2.5 g (42.8%) of yellow
powder; mp 182 °C; several constitutional isomers; MS m/z (relative
intensity) 396 (M+), 378 (100%), 361, 336, 308, 204; 1H-NMR (CDCl3,
250 MHz) δ 0.91 (t, 3H), 1.36 (sx, 2H), 1.59 (q, 2H), 2.85 (t, 2H),
(s), 1292 (w), 1250 (m), 1089 (m), 856 (m), 761 (w), 698 (w) cm-1
.
Anal. Calcd for C23H28N3O4Si: C, 62.99; H, 6.44; N, 9.59. Found:
C, 62.68; H, 6.27; N, 9.52.
1
1
1
1
7.51 (d, 1H), 7.7 (t, /2H), 7.84 (t, /2H), 8.04 (d, /2H), 8.22 (d, /2H),
8.35-8.53 (m, 2H), 8.6 (d, 1/2H), 8.65 (s, 1/2H), 8.75 (d, 1/2H), 9.07 (d,
1/2H); 13C-NMR (DMSO, 250 MHz) δ 13.6, 22.0, 31.4, 32.2, 115.2,
120.7, 122.9, 124.7, 124.8, 125.2, 128.3, 129.4, 131.5, 132.7, 135.9,
138.4, 138.9, 146.7, 148.2, 149.8, 155.1, 166.8; IR (KBr disk) ν 3101
(w), 2957 (m), 2930 (m), 1713 (m), 1624 (w), 1595 (m), 1531 (s),
1416 (w), 1346 (s), 1261 (m) cm-1. Anal. Calcd for C20H17N3O6: C,
60.74; H, 4.34; N, 10.63. Found: C, 60.78; H, 4.36; N, 10.01.
Phenylquinoline-Modified Silica Gel (28). Silica gel (5 g) and 24
(1.3 g, 3.3 mmol) were suspended in 20 mL of DCM. The modified
silica gel was dried in vacuo at 80 °C: yield 5.03 g; coverage 0.37
mmol/g determined by thermogravimetry (30 mL/min N2, 1 h room
temperature, ∆T ) 2 K/min to 1000 °C, 1 h at 1000 °C); 0.33 mmol/g
determined by elemental analysis; decomposition begins at 295 °C;
13C-TOSS/MAS-NMR (75.03 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz) δ -1.8, 15.2, 30.9,
38.6, 48.0,128.3; 29Si-CP/MAS-NMR (59.58 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz) δ
13.4, -101.3, -110.4; IR (KBr/silica gel disk) ν 2937 (w), 1649 (w),
1593 (w), 1551 (w) cm-1. Anal. Found for the modified silica gel:
C, 8.7; H, 1.8; N, 0.9.
N-[(2-(p-Butyldinitrophenyl)-4-quinolyl)carbonyl]-4-(dimethyl-
methoxysilyl)butanamide (27). (p-Butyldinitrophenyl)quinoline-
carboxylic acid (19, 2.2 g, 5.6 mmol) was suspended in 40 mL of DCM.
The reaction and purification were carried out as described for
compound 25: yield 0.6 g (20%) as yellow powder; mp 162-165 °C;
MS m/z (relative intensity) 539 (M+), 450, 418, 392, 332, 200 (100);
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 250 MHz) δ 0.17 (s, 6H), 0.74 (t, 2H), 1.01 (t, 3H),
1.51-1.85 (m, 8H), 2.98 (t, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.64 (q, 2H), 6.37 (s,
1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.67 (t, 1H), 8.07-8.11 (m, 2H), 8.38-8.59 (m,
3H); 13C-NMR (DMSO, 250 MHz) δ 0.8, 1.1, 1.3, 14.5, 18.4, 20.6,
21.3, 22.9, 32.3, 33.1, 49.5, 119.1, 121.8, 123.8, 124.9, 125.1, 125.2,
125.3, 127.6, 128.4, 130.1, 132.2, 132.3, 133.7, 136.7, 137.2, 137.9,
139.3, 139.6, 139.7, 139.8, 144.8, 148.9, 149.1, 150.6, 150.7, 156.1,
166.2, 166.3; IR (KBr disk) ν 3271 (s), 2957 (m), 2932 (m), 1641 (m),
1593 (m), 1523 (s), 1340 (m), 1259 (w), 1090 (s) cm-1. Anal. Calcd
for C27H34N4O6Si: C, 60.20; H, 6.37; N, 10.41. Found: C, 61.11; H,
6.35; N, 11.00.
(o-Nitrophenyl)quinoline-Modified Silica Gel (29). Silica gel (2.8
g) and 25 (0.8 g, 1.83 mmol) were suspended in 30 mL of DCM. The
reaction and purification were carried out as described for compound
28: yield 2.92 g; coverage 0.30 mmol/g determined by thermogravim-
etry (30 mL/min N2, 1 h room temperature, ∆T ) 2 K/min to 1000
°C, 1 h at 1000 °C); 0.43 mmol/g determined by elemental analysis;
decomposition begins at 295 °C; 13C-CP/MAS-NMR (75.03 MHz, rf
) 10 kHz) δ -1.5, 20.1, 33.1, 40.6, 48.0,123.9, 129.1, 142.0, 148.3,
167.7; 29Si-CP/MAS-NMR (59.58 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz) δ 13.4, -101.0,
-110.2; IR (KBr/silica gel disk) ν 2960, 1647, 1593, 1533, 1352 cm-1
Anal. Found for the modified silica gel: C, 11.3; H, 2.7; N, 1.9.
.
(p-Nitrophenyl)quinoline-Modified Silica Gel (30). Silica gel (3
g) and 26 (1.1 g, 2.48 mmol) were suspended in 30 mL of DCM. The
reaction and purification were carried out as described for compound
28: yield 3.14 g; coverage 0.37 mmol/g determined by thermogravim-
etry (30 mL/min N2, 1 h room temperature, ∆T ) 2 K/min to 1000
°C, 1 h at 1000 °C); 0.36 mmol/g determined by elemental analysis;
decomposition begins at 295 °C; 13C-CP/MAS-NMR (75.03 MHz, rf
) 10 kHz) δ -1.9, 19.7, 32.4, 39.8, 49.8, 123.7, 127.6, 141.9, 147.6,
167.7; 29Si-CP/MAS-NMR (59.58 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz) δ 12.2, -101.5,
-110.9; IR (KBr/silica gel disk) ν 3283 (w), 3066 (w), 2935 (m), 2864
(m), 1647 (s), 1596 (m), 1550 (s), 1523 (s), 1348 (s), 763 (m), 702
(m) cm-1. Anal. Found for the modified silica gel: C, 9.4; H, 2.1; N,
1.7.
2-(p-Butylphenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic Acid (18). Isatin (5.6 g,
0.038 mol) and p-butylacetophenone (6.7 g, 0.038 mol) were added to
a saturated solution of KOH (6.4 g, 0.114 mol). Enough ethanol (20-
40 mL) was added to render the mixture homogeneous, and the mixture
was heated to 70-80 °C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated
and the residue dissolved in H2O. The aqueous solution was acidified
(p-Butyldinitrophenyl)quinoline-Modified Silica Gel (31). Silica
gel (3 g) and N-[(2-(p-butyldinitrophenyl)-4-quinolyl)carbonyl]-4-
dimethylmethoxysilyl)butanamide (27, 0.6 g, 1.1 mmol) were suspended
in 20 mL of DCM. The reaction and purification were carried out as
described for compound 29: yield 3.5 g, coverage 0.2 mmol/g
determined by thermogravimetry (30 mL/min N2, 1 h room temperature,
∆T ) 2 K/min to 1000 °C, 1 h at 1000 °C); 0.29 mmol/g determined
by elemental analysis; 13C-CP/MAS-NMR (75.03 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz)
δ -2.8, 11.7, 21.8, 33.3, 128.3, 135.6, 143.6, 157.3, 168.8; 29Si-CP/
MAS-NMR (59.58 MHz, rf ) 10 kHz) δ -111.1, -101.3, 12.9; IR
(KBr/silica gel disk) ν 2935, 2862, 1651, 1595, 1549 cm-1
.
Acknowledgment. Thanks are expressed to the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG for financial support.
JA961009X