4264 Organometallics, Vol. 17, No. 19, 1998
van der Boom et al.
Sch em e 1
C-H and C-Si reductive elimination from Ir(III) com-
plexes are strongly influenced by the electronic proper-
ties of the substituents on silicon (Scheme 1),5a,b,6 no
such an influence was observed here.
Interestingly, it is possible to reverse the cyclometa-
lation of 2 by the use of mild H2 pressure. Treating
complex 2 with H2 (30 psi) in C6H6 at 60 °C (72 h in a
Fischer-Porter pressure vessel) resulted in quantitative
formation of the new trans-dihydride complex 6 and CH4
(Scheme 2). This complex, which was isolated and fully
characterized by 1H, 1H{31P}, 31P{1H}, and 31P-1H
HQMC NMR, IR, FD-MS, and elemental analysis,
exhibits spectroscopic features similar to those of analo-
gous Pt(II) trans-dihydride complexes.13 No other com-
plexes were detected. In the 31P{1H} one sharp singlet
appears at δ 53.7 ppm flanked by 195Pt satellites (1J PtP
) 2882.2 Hz), indicating that both phosphorus atoms
are magnetically equivalent. The hydride ligands ap-
pear in the 1H NMR as a characteristic triplet resonance
at δ -3.15 ppm (cis J PH ) 17.5 Hz; J PtH ) 796.0 Hz),
which collapses into a singlet upon 31P{1H} decoupling.
The IR spectrum shows a strong Pt-H band at ν ) 1744
cm-1, which is in the region usually observed for ν(Pt-
H) of trans-dihydrides (1710-1820 cm-1).13 Formation
of 1 equiv of CH4 was determined by quantitative GC
analysis of the gas phase. Thermolysis of 6 in C6D6 at
100 °C (120 h in a sealed vessel) resulted in selective
formation of complex 5 and presumably H2 (Scheme 2).
Formation of complex 4 was not observed, in contrast
to thermolysis of complexes 2 and 3, which results in
quantitative formation of complex 4 and CH4.9 Presum-
ably, the σ-bonded Pt-CH3 group promotes C-H acti-
vation. Complex 5 is considerably more stable than
complex 2 and was recovered unchanged when treated
with H2 (15 psi) in C6H6 at 80 °C for 24 h. The fact
that 5 was not detected in the reaction of 2 and H2
suggests that benzylic C-H reductive elimination is
kinetically preferred over CH4 formation.
Pt(II)H complex 5 and CH3SiR3 (R3 ) Et3, EtMe2, Me2-
Ph) as judged by 31P{1H}, H, H{31P}, H-1H COSY
NMR, IR, FD-MS, and GC-MS analysis of the product
solution and by comparison with authentic samples
(vide infra). Surprisingly, only traces of CH4 (<4%)
were detected by quantitative GC analysis of the gas
phase. When deuterated solvents were used, no deu-
terium incorporation into the products was observed.10
The 31P{1H} NMR spectrum of 5 exhibits two sharp
doublets of equal intensity at δ 89.2 and 45.1 ppm,
flanked by 195Pt satellites. The large 31P-31P coupling
(2J PP ) 392.8 Hz) shows that both nuclei are mutually
trans, in agreement with the observed 195Pt-31P cou-
pling constants (1J PtP ) 3193.5 and 2992.1 Hz, respec-
tively). The low-field shift of δ 89.2 reflects a deshield-
ing effect of this phosphorus atom due to the six-
membered ring.9,11 The signal at δ 45.1 is in a range
normally observed for (η1-phosphine)platinum(II) com-
plexes.9 The Pt-H ligand appears in the IR at ν ) 1964
1
1
1
2
1
1
cm-1 and in the H NMR as a virtual triplet at δ -7.00
2
(cis J PH ) 18.4 Hz, flanked by 195Pt satellites (1J PtH
)
773.2 Hz). These values are typical for a hydride trans
to a σ-bonded alkyl.12 FD-MS analysis shows the
molecular ion (M+, m/e 695) and an expected logical
isotope pattern.
By contrast, heating of the thermally more stable
trans-Pt(II)CH3 complex 3 with 5 equiv of HSiR3 (R3 )
Et3, Me2Ph) in C6D6 at 100 °C (120 h in a sealed vessel)
resulted in quantitave formation of complex 4 and CH4.
Surprisingly, formation of 5 and CH3SiR3 was not
observed by NMR, IR, and GC-MS analysis of the
product solution. Complex 5 is stable under the reaction
conditions and would have been easily detected spec-
troscopically had it been formed. Thus, as opposed to
the reactivity of the cis isomer 2, in the case of the trans
isomer 3 formation of complex 4 and CH4 is kinetically
(and probably thermodynamically) preferred over C-Si
bond generation. Significantly, complex 4 is thermally
stable under the reaction conditions and was recovered
unchanged even after heating with 5 equiv of HSiMe2-
Ph in C6H6 at 150 °C for 48 h. Thus, it cannot be an
intermediate in the formation of complex 5. These
experiments indicate that for the selective C-Si bond
formation the cis geometry of the metal complex is
required.
While the reason for the surprising, exclusive C-Si
bond formation is uncertain, we suggest that the fol-
lowing speculative mechanism can account for the
observations. Complex 2 can undergo phosphine dis-
sociation, promoted by the strong trans influence of the
σ benzyl ligand and the steric hindrance of the cyclo-
metalated ligand.14 H-Si or H-H oxidative addition
may afford a Pt(IV) species such as A (Scheme 3).15,16
The silyl or hydride ligands can labilize the benzyl group
(ArCH2-Pt) trans to it. The strong trans influence of
silyl ligands is similar or even higher than that of
(13) (a) Packett, D. L.; Trogler, W. C. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108,
5036. (b) Yoshida, T.; Otsuka, S. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 2134. (c)
Clark, H. C.; Goel, A. B.; Ogino, W. O. J . Organomet. Chem. 1978,
157, C16. (d) Immirzi, A.; Musco, A.; Garturan, G.; Belluco, U. Inorg.
Chim. Acta 1975, 12, L23. (e) Shaw, B. L.; Uttley, M. F. J . Chem. Soc.,
Chem. Commun. 1974, 918. (f) Goel, A. B.; Goel, S. Inorg. Chim. Acta
1982, 65, L77, 78. (g) Gerlach, D. H.; Kane, A. R.; Parshall, G. W.;
J esson, J . P.; Muetterties, E. L. J . Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 3543. (h)
Fornies, J .; Green, M.; Spencer, J . L.; Stone, F. G. A. J . Chem. Soc.,
Dalton Trans. 1977, 1006.
(14) Bubbling CO through a benzene solution of 2 at room temper-
ature for 1 h results in displacement of the η1-phosphine: Van der
Boom, M. E.; Milstein, D. Unpublished results.
(15) An analogous Pt species with R′ ) CH3 was postulated to be
an intermediate in the selective formation of complex 2 and CH4
(Scheme 2).9.
While reactions of various silanes with (dmpe)Pt(Me)-
(OTf) and with MeRh(PMe3)4 as well as the competitive
(10) Formation of 5, 6, CH3SiR3, and disiloxanes was observed at
55 °C. Reaction of 2 with 5 equiv of HSiPh3 in C6D6 at 55 °C (24 h in
a sealed vessel) resulted also in the formation of 5, 6, CH3SiPh3, and
Ph3SiOSiPh3. Only traces of CH4 (<4%) were detected. The formation
of 6 and disiloxanes could be suppressed using silanized glassware,
suggesting that adventitious water is involved in this process.
(11) Pregosin, P. S. In Phosphorus-31 NMR-Spectroscopy in Stere-
ochemical Analysis; Verkade, J . G., Quin, L. D., Eds.; VCH: Deerfield
Beach, FL, 1987.
(16) As pointed out by a reviewer, direct H-Si oxidative addition
to give a hexacoordinate Pt(IV) species, followed by a selective C-Si
reductive elimination, cannot be excluded.
(12) Moulton, C. J .; Shaw, B. L. J . Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1976,
1020.