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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Page 11 of 12
Journal Name ARTICLE
DOI: 10.1039/C5TA06751K
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agglomeration and restacking of RGO but also tailor the
growth of PPBP on RGO, producing a developed 2D networkꢀ
structure beneficial for mass/charge transfer; (2) growth of
PPBP on RGO offers an enhanced degree of graphitization for
RGO/PPBP compared with that for individual RGO; (3) small
molecules (e.g. Br2, HBr, NH4Br, H2O, CO, CO2) released
during the polymerization of PBPs and formation of
RGO/PPBP serve as poreꢀmaking agents, allowing
RGO/PPBP to have abundant micropores coexisting with
mesopores; (4) integrated RGO/PPBP structure can be tuned
by varying the mass ratio of PPBP/RGO; (5) strong
combination between RGO and PPBP through microwave
irradiation in combination with anneal treatment ensures a
synergistic effect between RGO and PPBP; and (6) superior
capacitive, rate, and cycling performance as well as relatively
wide potential window with respect to RGO/PPBPꢀ2 result in
high energy density/power density couples for symmetric
18 R. Raccichini, A. Varzi, S. Passerini and B. Scrosati, Nat.
Mater., 2015, 14, 271–279.
19 G. Xie, K. Zhang, B. Guo, Q. Liu, L. Fang and J. R. Gong,
Adv. Mater., 2013, 25, 3820–3839.
20 S. Wang, L. Gai, J. Zhou, H. Jiang, Y. Sun and H. Zhang, J.
Phys. Chem. C, 2015, 119, 3881–3891.
21 W. S. Hummers and R. E. Offeman, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1958, 80, 1339.
,
22 H. M. Gilow and D. E. Burton, J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46,
2221–2225.
RGO/PPBPꢀ2ǁRGO/PPBPꢀ2 cell, presenting
a promising
23 Y. Zhu, S. Murali, M. D. Stoller, A. Velamakanni, R. D.
Piner and R. S.Ruoff, Carbon, 2010, 48, 2118–2122.
24 Z. Bo, X. Shuai, H. Yang, J. Qian, J. Chen, J. Yan and K.
Cen, Sci. Rep., 2014, DOI: 10.1038/srep04684.
25 S. H. Park, S. B. Yoon, H. K. Kim, J. T. Han, H. W. Park, J.
Han, S. M. Yun, H. G. Jeong, K. C. Roh and K. B. Kim, Sci.
Rep., 2014, DOI: 10.1038/srep06118.
candidate for carbonꢀbased supercapacitors working with
aqueous electrolyte. In addition, the RGO/PPBP samples have
great potentials as electroactive materials in lithiumꢀion
batteries, fuel batteries, and oxygen reduction reactions.
26 K. Wang, L. Li, T. Zhang and Z. Liu, Energy, 2014, 70,
612–617.
27 H. S. Fan, H. Wang, N. Zhao, J. Xu and F. Pan, Sci. Rep.,
2014, DOI: 10.1038/srep07426.
28 S. Ye and J. Feng, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2014, 6,
9671−9679.
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by National Natural
Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51272143 and
51472278.
29 L. Lai, H. Yang, L. Wang, B. Kin Teh, J. Zhong, H. Chou, L.
Chen, W. Chen, Z. Shen and R. S. Ruoff, ACS Nano, 2012,
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30 C. Bora and S. Dolui, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 29688–
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