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the experiment when the residual stress was included in
the failure strength equation. Any increase in crack depth
was accompanied by an increase in residual stress and a
decrease in failure strength. The positive sign of the re-
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induced crack suggested a mouth-opening displacement
at the crack.
Both the magnitude and exposure-frequency scale of
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contains no fracture-mechanics parameters; it depends
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damaged fused silica. It can be concluded that to mini-
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laser irradiation, the laser fluence used must be kept
closer to the damage threshold, leading to a longer, useful
component life.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
17. P.J. Dwivedi and D.J. Green, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78, 2122 (1995).
18. D.B. Marshall and B.R. Lawn, J. Mater. Sci. 14, 2001 (1979).
19. B.R. Lawn and D.B. Marshall, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62, 106 (1979).
20. D.B. Marshall, B.R. Lawn, and P. Chantikul, J. Mater. Sci. 14,
2225 (1979).
21. D.B. Marshall and B.R. Lawn, Commun. Am. Ceram. Soc. No.
1-1, C-6 (1981).
22. E.R. Fuller, B.R. Lawn, and R.F. Cook, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66,
314 (1983).
This work was supported by the United States Depart-
ment of Energy (DOE) Office of Inertial Confinement
Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-
92SF19460, the University of Rochester, and the New
York State Energy Research Development Authority.
The support of the DOE does not constitute an endorse-
ment by the DOE of the views expressed in this article.
F. Dahmani is thankful to the Laboratory for Laser En-
ergetics for a F.J. Horton Fellowship. We thank Alex
Maltsev for masterfully polishing all sample faces.
23. M.F. Gruninger, B.R. Lawn, E.N. Farabaugh, and J.B. Wachtman,
Jr., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, 344 (1987).
24. R.F. Cook and G.M. Pharr, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 787 (1990).
25. K. Zeng and D. Rowcliffe, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 524 (1994).
26. M. Isida, H. Nogushi, and T. Yoshida, Int. J. Fract. 26, 157 (1984).
27. Corning Inc., Advanced Materials Department, Corning, NY.
28. D.H. Roach and A.R. Cooper, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 68, 632 (1985).
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