A Ternary Pt/Au/TiO2-Decorated Plasmonic Wood Carbon for High-Efficiency Interfacial Solar Steam Generation and Photodegradation of Tetracycline

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/cssc.201802485

A ternary Pt/Au/TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP) decorated plasmonic wood carbon has been successfully fabricated by a simple two-step calcination method. The as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO₂ NP-decorated wood carbon showed an interfacial solar steam generation efficiency up to 90.4 %. Furthermore, the floating system exhibits an excellent photodegradation of tetracycline (TC; 40 mg L^?1). Up to 94 % degradation was achieved after 80 min of continuous light irradiation (λ>420 nm) with the assistance of solar steam process. The photocatalysis is promoted by the introduction of Pt/Au nanocomponents, which suppress the recombination of electron–hole pairs generated on TiO₂ and facilitate electron transfer. High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was employed to identify the reaction products of the photocatalytic system and a mechanistic insight was also provided. The as-prepared three-dimensional plasmonic wood carbon has a high photocatalytic performance. Such wood carbon-based system is recyclable and scalable for practical and versatile solar-driven clean water generation.

Full text of DOI:10.1002/cssc.201802485

Accepted Article
Title: Ternary Pt/Au/TiO2-Decorated Plasmonic Wood Carbon
for High-Efficiency Interfacial Solar Steam Generation and
Photodegradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Minmin Wang, Ping Wang, Jie Zhang, Chuanping Li, and
Yongdong Jin
This manuscript has been accepted after peer review and appears as an
Accepted Article online prior to editing, proofing, and formal publication
of the final Version of Record (VoR). This work is currently citable by
using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) given below. The VoR will be
published online in Early View as soon as possible and may be different
to this Accepted Article as a result of editing. Readers should obtain
the VoR from the journal website shown below when it is published
to ensure accuracy of information. The authors are responsible for the
content of this Accepted Article.
To be cited as: ChemSusChem 10.1002/cssc.201802485
Link to VoR: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201802485
A Journal of
www.chemsuschem.org

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
Ternary Pt/Au/TiO
2
-Decorated Plasmonic Wood Carbon for High-
Efficiency Interfacial Solar Steam Generation and
Photodegradation of Tetracycline
Minmin Wang,[a],[b] Ping Wang, Jie Zhang, Chuanping Li,
[a]
[a]
[a],[b]
and Yongdong Jin* [a],[b]
Abstract:
plasmonic wood carbon has been successfully fabricated by a
simple two-step calcination method. The as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO
A
ternary Pt/Au/TiO
2
nanoparticles (NPs) decorated
capacity for pollutants. However, the activated carbon is not an
economical adsorbent for its extra chemical or physical
activation process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cheap
carbonaceous materials with simple preparation methods to
2
NPs-decorated wood carbon showed interfacial solar steam
generation efficiency up to 90.4%. Meanwhile, the floating system
2
combine TiO to remove pollutants for the practical applications.
-
1
exhibit excellent photodegradation rate of TC (at 40 mg L ) up to
4% after 80 min continuous light irradiation (>420 nm) with the
Wood carbon with numerous low tortuosity micro- and nano-
channels seems to be a surprising candidate serving as
photocatalyst carrier or promoter.[ Commonly, under solar
irradiation, those aligned vessel micro/nano-channels can
continuous transport water via the upward vapor flow which
benefit the contact between photocatalysts and pollutants.[5]
Meanwhile, the abundant lignin content in wood block can serve
as an effective agent to reduce metal ions to metal NPs.[
Therefore, wood carbon is an ideal supporting material for
visible light driven photocatalysts.
9
4]
assistance of solar steam process which is superior to previously
reported photocatalysts. The photocatalysis is promoted by the
introduction of Pt/Au nanocomponents (which suppress the
2
recombination of electron-hole pairs generated in TiO and facilitate
electron transfer). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass
spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was employed to identify the
photocatalytic reaction products of the system, and a mechanistic
insight was also provided. The as-prepared 3D plasmonic wood
carbon with high photocatalytic performance, rendering such wood-
carbon based system recyclable and up-scalable for practical
versatile solar-driven clean water generation.
4a]
Herein, we proposed a ternary nano-photocatalysts hybridized
plasmonic 3D wood carbon by in situ forming and decorating
Pt/Au/TiO NPs into a natural wood matrix by a simple two-step
2
calcination method for high efficiency photodegradation of
Tetracycline. Plasmonic resonances near the surface of the
Pt/Au NPs would suppress the reorganization of photogenerated
Introduction
2
electron-hole pairs in TiO and produce an enhancement of
photocatalytic process. Meanwhile, the effective photothermal
effect of wood carbon facilitates the interfacial steam
evaporation process and accelerates the upward diffusion of
contaminants toward the floating composites, which enhances
further the photodegradation rate and efficiency of TC.
In recent years, effective solar energy conversion has been
widely studied and used to relieve growing energy and
environmental issues. Among various methods, photocatalytic
oxidation technique based on semiconductors for environmental
remediation has received much attentions. Titanium dioxide
[1]
(
2
TiO ) is the most promising water treatment photocatalyst
because of its good photocatalytic efficiency. Unfortunately, the
small specific surface area and lacked visible light utilization limit
its photocatalytic activity. In order to break these limitations,
extensive research efforts have been focused on finding
effective ways to improve its photocatalytic performance.[2]
Hybridizing photocatalysts by taking advantage of surface
plasmon resonance of metal NPs was an effective way to
Results and Discussion
The precursor wood piece is derived directly from the natural
wood in trees, for its abundant open and aligned microchannels
which can pump water owing to its transpiration ability.[
Meanwhile, the natural porous structure is an ideal host for
4b]
loading of ternary Pt/Au/TiO
electron microscopy (SEM) in Figure S1. The wood carbon was
obtained by direct calcination of a piece of preformed TiO
decorated wood block under N condition and the similar Raman
2
NPs, as shown by scanning
[3]
increase visible light absorption of TiO
effective photocatalyst carriers or promoters is another effective
way to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO . Carbonaceous
2
.
Meanwhile, finding
2
-
2
2
materials such as activated carbon and carbon fibers with high
specific surface area and pore volume have therefore been used
as supports to load TiO , which resulting in excellent adsorption
2
spectrum (Figure S2) intensity of D peak and G peak confirm its
amorphous feature, which is similar to other reported hard
carbon materials.[6] The ternary Pt/Au/TiO
2
NPs-decorated wood
carbon with a final mean NP size of ~ 500 nm was then
prepared in-situ by a simple chemical and calcination method to
grow Pt/Au nano-components on the preformed TiO /wood
2
carbon. The detailed preparation method was shown in
experiment section. The element distribution of C, Ti, O, Au and
Pt atoms was studied by SEM and its mapping images were
shown in Figure 1a-f. Meanwhile, the EDX line scan profile
[
[
a]
b]
M. M. Wang, Dr. P. Wang, Dr. J. Zhang, C. P. Li, Prof. Y. D. Jin.
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Changchun 130022, Jilin, China .
M. M. Wang, C. P. Li, Prof. Y. D. Jin.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Email： ydjin@ciac.ac.cn
(
Figure 1g) revealed that Pt and Au atoms, though not heavily,
were both homogeneously distributed throughout the preformed
TiO NPs to form ternary composite NPs, rather than the
Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of
the document.
2
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
formation of individual Au and Pt NPs.
Figure 2. (a) UV-vis spectra of TiO
patterns of the TiO and Pt/Au/TiO NPs. (c) XPS spectra of Ti 2p, Au 4f, and
Pt 4f of the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO NPs.
2 2
and ternary Pt/Au/TiO NPs. (b) XRD
2
2
2
2
Furthermore, the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon was
highly hydrophilic as shown in Figure S3a, which is conducive to
transport water upwards and maintain a continuous water supply
for the vapor generation. More importantly, the as-prepared
hydrophilic plasmonic wood carbon can float on water for its
natural microchannels structure (Figure S3b), which benefits to
minimize the heat loss and enhances steam generation
efficiency via the efficient interfacial water heating. As shown in
Figure S4, the 2.5 mm-thick TiO2-wood carbon and Pt/Au/TiO2-
Figure 1. (a-f) SEM image and corresponding element mapping images of the
as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO
2
NPs on the microchannels of wood carbon. (g) EDX
NP.
line scan profiles of a Pt/Au/TiO
2
wood carbon displayed almost full absorption in
wavelength range from 200 nm to 2500 nm. Figure 3a shows the
thermal images of the TiO -wood carbon and Pt/Au/TiO -wood
a wide
2
2
To further verify the ternary heterogeneous structure of the as-
prepared Pt/Au/TiO NPs, the prepared samples were
characterized by UV-vis spectra. As shown in Figure 2a, TiO
NPs absorb in ultraviolet zone with a wavelength range of 200-
50 nm, while the ternary Pt/Au/TiO NPs have a broad
plasmonic absorption band in the visible and near infrared
region for the deposition of plasmonic Au component, which
2
demonstrates the formation of Pt/Au/TiO hybrid nanostructures.
carbon based floating system recorded at the same illumination
intensity and time (using an infrared camera), revealing that the
2
2
Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon is a better heat generator with an
2
extremely high solar vapor generation efficiency up to 90.4%
-2
3
2
achieved at 10 kW m , which was higher than that of TiO -wood
2
carbon (75.3%) as shown in Figure 3b. The vapor generation
efficiency was calculated by the fomula of η= ṁhLV/I,[9a] in which
ṁ is the mass flux, hLV denotes the total enthalpy of the sensible
heat and liquid-vapor phase change, and I is the power density
The phase structures of the as-prepared samples were
investigated by X-ray diffraction pattern and the results were
of light irradiation. Although the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO -wood
2
carbon did not show the best solar vapor generation efficiency
compared to previous reports.[9a,10] The facile fabrication and
good mechanical property of the plasmonic wood carbon make it
promising for sustainable clean water generation applications.
The utilization of renewable solar energy for catalysis and
treatment of polluted water is envisioned a sustainable route for
increasing clean energy and water supplies. Such excellent
interfacial solar steam generation performance of the floating
system will benefit for mass transport and photodegradation of
shown in Figure 2b. Both the as-prepared TiO
ternary Pt/Au/TiO NPs can be well indexed to tetragonal rutile
JCPDS No. 21-1276).[7] In addition, XRD peaks corresponding
to AuNPs (JCPDS No. 04-0784) are observed in the Pt/Au/TiO
samples which confirmed the successful reduction of Au over
the TiO . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses
were further performed to identify the elemental state of the
Pt/Au/TiO catalysts. Figure 2c shows the Ti, Au and Pt XPS
spectra of the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO NPs. The binding energy
for Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 at 458 and 463 eV, respectively, asserts
2
and the resulting
2
(
2
2
2
2
water pollutants. We then exploited the ternary Pt/Au/TiO NPs-
2
the existence of Ti state.[8] While the orbitals of Au 4f7/2, Au 4f5/2
and Pt 4f5/2 are located at 82.6, 86.1 and 73.4 eV, suggesting
that both Au and Pt are presented in metallic state.[9] It further
confirmed the formation of Pt and Au nanocomponents on the
4+
decorated wood carbon as floating plasmonic catalysts for
photodegradation of TC. TC is one of the most used antibiotics
2
surface of TiO .
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
indicates a first-order reaction of the photocatalytic process for
the as-prepared catalysts. We also examined the performances
of Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon for the solar steam generation and
2
photodegradation of TC under lower light densities (Figure S6).
Under light irradiation at 2 kW m−2 intensity for 80 min, the vapor
generation efficiency of the system reached ∼73% (Figure S6a),
while the photodegradation rate of TC was up to ~ 82% (Figure
S6b). Control experiments using binary photocatalysts of
Au/TiO
Pt/Au/TiO
Figure S7, the ternary Pt/Au/TiO
2
-wood carbon, Pt/TiO
-wood carbon were also performed. As shown in
-wood carbon catalyst exhibited
2
-wood carbon and ternary
2
2
the best photocatalytic performance, which demonstrates that
both Au and Pt nanocomponents play important roles in the
photodegradation of TC.
2 2
Figure 3. (a) IR pictures of TiO /wood carbon and Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon at
the same illumination time. (b) Mass changes over time through steam
-2
generation under solar irradiation at 10 kW m .
in veterinary medicine by some intensive farming operations and
it can exist persistent in soils and water, which is very harmful to
human being.[2,11] Therefore, it is highly desired to explore
efficient and environment-friendly photocatalysts to remove TC
from the polluted water. Before photocatalytic performance test,
a slice of the catalyst-supported wood carbon was placed
-1
0
floating on a TC solution (C =40 mg L ) and kept in dark for ~ 30
min to reach absorption-desorption balance. The photocatalytic
activity, i.e. the degradation rate of TC, was evaluated by
monitoring its characteristic absorption bands at 275 nm and
-
1
Figure 4. (a) Photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TC (40 mg L ) under
visible light irradiation over TiO , TiO /wood carbon and Pt/Au/TiO -wood
2
2
2
-
1
carbon, under the same concentration of catalyst used (0.1g L ). (b) Kinetic
curves for TC degradation over as-prepared photocatalysts. (c) HPLC-MS
357 nm under visible light illumination (>420 nm). As clearly
shown in Figure 4a, the TC concentration did not decrease over
time without the catalysts after continued visible light irradiation,
which excludes its self-photolysis process. Meanwhile, for the
chromatograms of TC without and with degradation over TiO
2
/wood carbon
and Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon under visible-light irradiation for 80 min. (d)
2
Cycling runs for degradation efficiency over Pt/Au/TiO
photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.
2
-wood carbon
prepared TiO
2
mono-catalysts, there is no apparent
photodegradation performance after 80 min visible light
irradiation. Impressively, the degradation of TC was remarkably
High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
HPLC-MS) was further employed to identify the photocatalytic
reaction products of the system. As shown in Figure 4c, the TC
peak eluted at a retention time of ~ 4.28 min decreased largely
after 80 min visible light irradiation in the presence of
accelerated with the floating Pt/Au/TiO
catalysts (k=2.910 min ); it can degrade 94% of TC in 80 min,
2
-wood carbon as
(
-2
-1
which was higher than the TiO
2
/wood carbon catalyst (81%, with
k=1.710-2 min ) and it is also superior to the previously
reported photocatalysts (Table 1). We should note that the
degradation efficiency in Table 1 was obtained by calculating TC
photodegradation rate under unit catalyst and unit time. As a
comparison, the content of TC also decreased 20% for the
-1
photocatalyst of TiO
The product of m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) at 410 eluted at a
retention time of 4.28 min was attributed to the detaching of NH
and H O from TC (Figure S8a). The most intense daughter ion
2 2
-wood carbon or Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon.
3
2
Pt/Au/TiO
2
-wood carbon photocatalyst under dark condition for
with m/z of 410 was selected for the quantification of TC
photodegradation in our system.[ The intensity of TC (m/z 410)
peak decreased largely after 80 min visible light irradiation both
110 min (Figure S5), which may be caused by the high
12]
adsorption capacity of wood carbon. The phenomena directly
indicated that the wood carbon serving as photocatalyst carrier
can effectively promote the photocatalytic degradation of TC.
Meanwhile, the introduction of Pt and Au nanocomponents on
for the photocatalyst of TiO
2 2
-wood carbon and Pt/Au/TiO -wood
carbon. Meanwhile, some intermediates with m/z at 302, 284,
2
52, 198 and 140 were generated. These results demonstrated
2
TiO can effectively improve the electron-hole pair separation for
that TC was photo-degraded with time.[ As shown in Figure
13]
its Schottky contact. The kinetic curves shown in Figure 4b
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
+
[1c,
S8b and Figure S8c, the Pt/Au/TiO
exhibited the highest TC degradation rate under the same
conditions. The proposed photocatalytic degradation pathway of
TC over the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon is shown in
2
Figure S9. Meanwhile, as shown in Figure S10, the solution total
organic carbon (TOC) removal reached to 71% after 160 min
2
-wood carbon photocatalyst
the roles of h and ·OH in the TC photodegradation process.
1
4]
As shown in Figure 5a, when 1 mmol of IPA and 1 mmol of
EDTA-2Na were added into the photocatalytic system, the
degradation efficiency of TC was both decreased, which
suggests that both h and ·OH played important roles towards
TC photodegradation. Therefore, as schematically illustrated in
Figure 5b, upon illumination of the hybrid system, the electrons
+
photocatalysis over the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO
indicating that TC was gradually photodegraded to CO
2
-wood carbon,
and
2
in VB of TiO
2
can be photo-excited to the CB, leaving holes in
water. As a result, as shown in the HPLC-MS spectra (Figure
S8), both the intensity of TC and its intermediates were
decreased correspondingly during the photolysis process. The
the VB of TiO
2
; the photo-excited holes stay in the VB of TiO
2
to
-
directly oxidize OH to form ·OH active species. Meanwhile, the
electrons are capable of capture by plasmonic hot holes photo-
generated by the Pt/Au nanocomponents for its strong electron
oscillation collectively on the LSPR excitation, which effectively
suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons and
2
stability of the as-prepared Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon was also
investigated. As clearly shown in Figure 4d, there is no apparent
decrease in the photocatalytic performance even after four
consecutive cycles, which demonstrates that the as-prepared
holes of TiO
2
and hence enhance the photocatalytic
Pt/Au/TiO
2
-wood carbon floating photocatalysts own high
performance of the system. Meanwhile, the photo-excited
electrons can be quickly transferred to Pt through metal-
semiconductor interfaces. And then the electrons are trapped by
Pt and consumed by reduction reaction. Consequently, the
recombination of electrons and holes is suppressed.[15] Besides
this, another plasmonic effect, via interfacial photothermal steam
generation, are considered to accelerate the upward diffusion of
contaminants toward the floating membrane composites and
further enhance the photocatalytic performance of TC
degradation.
catalytic stability and good performance for photodegradation of
TC.
2
Table 1. Photocatalytic activity of Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon compared to
previously reported photocatalysts.
TC
content
mg）
Degradation
efficiency
（10-2 h）
Photocatalysts
mass （mg）
Reference
Materials
（
Appl. Catal.
B: Environ.
In
2
S
3
@MIL-
4
0
4.6
7.27
1.89
1.96
0.7
186 (2016)
125(Ti)
19-29
Appl. Catal.
B: Environ.
g-C
3
N
4
/
1.4
+
-
K Ca
Nb O
2 3 10
40
30
201 (2017)
nanosheet
617-628
Appl. Catal.
B: Environ.
carbon dots
modified
MoO /g-C N
3 3 4
1
1
229 (2018)
96-104
Figure 5 (a) Trapping experiment of active species during the photocatalytic
reaction. (b) Schematic illustration of photo-generated charge carrier’s
separation and transfer in the Pt/Au/TiO hybrid nanostructure.
2
Appl. Catal.
B: Environ.
Ag/AgBr/
4 2
AgIn(MoO )
100
164 (2015)
297-304
ACS Appl.
Mater.
Conclusions
Interfaces
AgI (20wt %)/
BiVO
30
2
6.3
In summary, we report herein an effective photocatalytic water
purification system based on ternary Pt/Au/TiO NPs-decorated
8(2016)
4
32887−329
2
0
0
plasmonic wood carbon and exploit it for highly effective
photodegradation of TC. As experimentally demonstrated, the
plasmonic property of the fine metal nanoparticles make great
contribution to the photodegradation rate of TC at visible light
condition. What’s more, the plasmonic wood carbon as a high
solar absorbent has high solar steam generation efficiency
which can accelerate the upward diffusion of contaminants
toward the floating membrane composites. Meanwhile, the
unique floating structure makes it convenient for potential
recycling use. Such recyclable solar evaporation-assisted
photodegradation floating device is envisioned very promising
for practical versatile clean water regeneration applications.
Appl. Catal.
B: Environ.
09 (2017)
Z-scheme
Ag PO
CuBi
3
4
/
50
1
1.4
2
2
O
4
7
20-728
Floating
Pt/Au/TiO
wood carbon
This work
2
-
10
4
14
To provide a mechanistic insight into the photocatalytic
process, EDTA and isopropanol (IPA) were used to demonstrate
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
Experimental Section
This work was financially supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21475125, 21175125,
51502286), the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of
Electroanalytical Chemistry (no. 110000R387).
Materials and Chemicals. The basswood used in our experiments was
from Walnut Hollow Company, Potassium platinum(IV) chloride (K
2 6
PtCl ,
≥
99.0%), and chloroauric (IV) acid (HAuCl ·3H O) were purchased from
4
2
Sigma-Aldrich. Titanium tetrachloride (98%) was purchased from Beijing
Chemical Works.
2
Keywords: solar energy • Pt/Au/TiO -wood carbon • plasmonic
•
solar evaporation • photocatalytic
2
2
Preparation of TiO /wood carbon blocks. TiO nanoparticles was
prepared according to previous method.[16] Typically, titanium
tetrachloride was dropped into ethanol under stirring and the mixuture
solution was stirred for several minutes at room conditions, and then, a
sol with transparent yellowish was formed. Finally, a mount of distilled
water was added slowly under stirring. In our system, the molar ratios of
[1]
a) H. Zhu, W. Luo, P. N. Ciesielski, Z. Fang, J. Y. Zhu, G. Henriksson,
M. E. Himmel, L. Hu, Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 9305-9374; b) Y. Yang, R.
Zhao, T. Zhang, K. Zhao, P. Xiao, Y. Ma, P. M. Ajayan, G. Shi, Y. Chen,
ACS Nano 2018, 1, 829-835; c) X. Yan, X. Wang, W. Gu, M. Wu, Y.
Yan, B. Hu, G. Che, D. Han,; J. Yang,; W. Fan, W. Shi, Appl. Catal. B:
Environ. 2015, 164, 297-304.
4
TiCl , ethanol and water was 2:20:280. Then a piece of wood block (2.5
mm in thickness) was immersed in to the above solution, and vacuum
processing till the wood block sink to bottom of solution, and then the
system was maintained in a vacuum state at 50 °C for 24 h. The
[2]
[3]
B. Luo, D. Xu, D. Li, G. Wu, M. Wu, W. Shi, M. Chen, ACS Appl. Mater.
Inter. 2015, 7, 17061-17069.
TiO
2
/wood block was obtained by several times water washing to remove
and make pH of the block to neutral. Finally, the as-
a) Y. Yang, E. Liu, H. Dai, L. Kang, H. Wu, J. Fan, X. Hu, H. Liu, Inter. J.
Hydrogen Energy 2014, 39, 7664-7671; b) Q. Zhang, D. Q. Lima, I. Lee,
F. Zaera, M. Chi, Y. Yin, Angew. Chem. Inter. Ed. 2011, 50, 7088-7092;
c) S. Naya, A. Inoue, H. Tada, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6292-
the surface TiO
2
prepared dried TiO
condition for 2 h.
2
/wood block was calcinated at 750C under Ar
6293.
[
4]
a) M. Zhu, Y. Li, F. Chen, X. Zhu, J. Dai, Y. Li, Z. Yang, X. Yan, J. Song,
Preparation of Pt/Au/TiO
2
-wood carbon blocks. A piece of the as-
Y. Wang, E. Hitz, W. Luo, M. Lu, B. Yang, L. Hu, Adv. Energy Mater.
prepared TiO /wood block was immersed into the mixture potassium
2
2017, 1701028; b) F. Chen, A. S. Gong, M. Zhu, G. Chen, S. D. Lacey,
platinum (IV) chloride (0.01%) and chloroauric (IV) acid (0.01%) aqueous
F. Jiang, Y. Li, Y. Wang, J. Dai, Y. Yao, J. Song, B. Liu, K. Fu, S. Das,
solution for 12 h at 25 °C and then calcinated at 750C under Ar
L. Hu, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 4275-4282.
condition for 2 h. And finallythe plasmonic Pt/Au/TiO
2
-wood carbon
carbon was obtained.
[5]
a) G. Xue, K. Liu, Q. Chen, P. Yang, J. Li, T. Ding, J. Duan, B. Qi, J.
Zhou, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 15052-15057; b) K. K. Liu, Q.
Jiang, S. Tadepalli, R. Raliya, P. Biswas, R. R. Naik, S. Singamaneni,
Characterizations. A Cary 500 Scan UV-vis spectrophotometer (Varian,
U.S.A.) was used to measure the UV-Vis absorption spectra. A Hitachi
S4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with
an energy dispersive spectrometer was used to determine the detailed
microstructure. We study the crystal structure of the as-prepared
samples by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD, D8 ADVANCE, Germany
BRUKER company) with a Cu target. The electronic structure was
analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Escalab 250Xi, Thermo
Fisher Scientific). A Xeon lamp (300 W) equipped with the filter of > 420
ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 2017, 9, 7675-7681.
[
[
[
[
6]
7]
8]
9]
C. Chen, Y. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Dai, J. Song, Y. Yao, Y. Gong, I.
Kierzewski, J. Xie, L. Hu, Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, 10, 538-545.
Y. W. Wang, L. Z. Zhang, K. J. Deng, X. Y. Chen, Z. G. Zou, J. Phys.
Chem. C 2007, 111, 2709-2714.
H. Wang, X. Yuan, Y. Wu, G. Zeng, H. Dong, X. Chen, L. Leng, Z.
Wu, L. Peng, Appl. Catalysis B: Environ. 2016, 186, 19-29.
a) M. M. Wang, J. Zhang, P. Wang, C. P. Li, X. L. Xu, Y. D. Jin, Nano
Res. 2018, 11, 3854-3863. b) K. Tang, X. F. Wang, Q. Li, C. L. Yan,
Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704779.
-
2
nm (10 kW m ) was used as the light source. The photocatalyst products
were analyed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass
a
spectrometry (HPLC-MS) system equiped with a Waters BEH-C18
[
10] a) Q. M. Chen, Z. Q. Pei, Y. S. Xu, Z. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Wei, Y. Ji. Chem.
Sci. 2018, 9, 623-628; b) X. D. Yang, Y. B. Yang, L. N. Fu, M. C. Zou, Z.
H. Li, A. Y. Cao, Q. Yuan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1704505
11] a)D. Jiang, T. Wang, Q. Xu, D. Li, S. Meng, M. Chen, Appl.
Catalysis B: Environ. 2017, 201, 617-628. b) X. L. Wang, Q. Liu, Q.
Yang, Z. G. Zhang, X. M. Fang, Carbon 2018, 136, 103-112.
12] D. Debayle, G. Dessalces, M. F. Grenier-Loustalot, Anal. Bioanal.
Chem. 2008, 391, 1011-1020.
column (502.1 mm, 1.7 m). The mobile phase was acetonitrile with
.1% Formic acid and water with a flow rate of 0.3 ml min- and the
1
0
column temperature was room temperature.
[
Experiments for photocatalysis of TC. We put the as-prepared
plasmonic wood blocks in a glass chamber filled with 50 ml TC (40 mg L-
[
[
1)
water. The mass of the photocatalyst was 10 mg and it was obtained
by calculating the weight change of wood blocks before and after
nanoparticle modification. A Xeon lamp (300 W) equipped with the filter
of > 420 nm was used in illumination experiments. We record the mass
change by an electronic balance (accuracy: 0.1 mg) to accurately
measure the evaporation rates. The irradiated area on the plasmonic
13] a) X. L. Liu, P. Lv, G. X. Yao, C. C. Ma, P. W. Huo, Y. S. Yan, Chem.
Eng. J. 2013, 217, 398-406; b) J. F. Niu, S. Y. Ding, L. W. Zhang, J. B.
Zhao, C. H. Feng, Chemosphere 2013, 93, 1-8.
[
[
14] W. Wang, J. Fang, S. Shao, M. Lai, C. Lu, Appl. Catalysis B: Environ.
2017, 217, 57-64.
2
wood carbon block was approximately 6.25 cm . The absorbance of TC
15] J. J. Zou, C. Chen, C. J. Liu, Y. P. Zhang, Y. Han, L. Cui, Mater.
Letters, 2005, 59, 3437-3440.
solution was Measured every ten minutes by UV-vis absorption spectra.
Simultaneously, we record the surface temperature of the plasmonic
wood block by infrared camera.
[
16] Y. W. Wang, L. Z. Zhang, K. J. Deng, X. Y. Chen, Z. G. Zou, J. Phys.
Chem. C 2007, 111, 2709-2714.
Acknowledgements
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ChemSusChem
10.1002/cssc.201802485
FULL PAPER
Layout 2:
FULL PAPER
Minmin Wang,[a],[b] Ping Wang, Jie
[a]
Zhang,[ a] Chuanping Li, [a],[b] and
Yongdong Jin *[a],[b]
Page No. – Page No.
Ternary
2
Pt/Au/TiO -Decorated
Plasmonic Wood Carbon for High-
Efficiency Interfacial Solar Steam
Generation and Photodegradation of
Tetracycline
ntents
2
A ternary Pt/Au/TiO decorated plasmonic wood carbon based floating device was
explored for photodegradation of tetracycline. The effective solar steam evaporation
capability benefits for the contact and mass transfer of contaminants with the catalysts.
2
Meanwhile, plasmonic effect of Pt/Au NPs promotes charge separation over TiO . A
-1
high photodegradation rate of TC (at 40 mg L ) up to 94% after 80 min continuous light
irritation (>420 nm) was achieved, which is superior to previously reported
photocatalysts.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.