Asymmetric total synthesis of ieodomycin B

Article abstract of DOI:10.3390/md15010017

Ieodomycin B, which shows in vitro antimicrobial activity, was isolated from a marine Bacillus species. A novel asymmetric total synthetic approach to ieodomycin B using commercially available geraniol was achieved. The approach involves the generation of 1,3-trans-dihydroxyl at C-3 and C-5 positions via a Crimmins-modified Evans aldol reaction and a chelation-controlled Mukaiyama aldol reaction of a p-methoxybenzyl-protected aldehyde, as well as the generation of a lactone ring in a deprotection-lactonization one-pot reaction.

Full text of DOI:10.3390/md15010017

marine drugs
Communication
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Ieodomycin B
Shuangjie Lin 1, Jianting Zhang 1, Zhibin Zhang 1, Tianxiang Xu 1, Shuangping Huang 1,* and
Xiaoji Wang 2,
*
1
School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Road 605,
Nanchang 330013, China; linsj0317@163.com (S.L.); 13979134167@163.com (J.Z.);
haozhangzhibin@163.com (Z.Z.); 18279111449@163.com (T.X.)
School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Fenglin Road 605,
Nanchang 330013, China
2
*
Correspondence: hsping02@gmail.com (S.H.); 13767101659@163.com (X.W.); Tel.: +86-791-8380-5358 (S.H.)
Academic Editor: Vassilios Roussis
Received: 31 August 2016; Accepted: 8 December 2016; Published: 18 January 2017
Abstract: Ieodomycin B, which shows in vitro antimicrobial activity, was isolated from a marine
Bacillus species. A novel asymmetric total synthetic approach to ieodomycin B using commercially
available geraniol was achieved. The approach involves the generation of 1,3-trans-dihydroxyl at
C-3 and C-5 positions via a Crimmins-modified Evans aldol reaction and a chelation-controlled
Mukaiyama aldol reaction of a p-methoxybenzyl-protected aldehyde, as well as the generation of a
lactone ring in a deprotection–lactonization one-pot reaction.
Keywords: antimicrobial; total synthesis; ieodomycin B; chelation-controlled Mukaiyama aldol reaction
1. Introduction
Natural products are an important resource for drug discovery. Isolation, identification, and
syntheses of these products or their derivatives, as well as their subsequent biological studies are of
interest. In recent years, marine natural products have attracted much interest from scientists. A vast
range of chemically diverse biologically active compounds that have antibacterial and anticancer
activities have been discovered [1–4]. The increasingly serious problem of bacterial resistance toward
antibiotics has made the search for new antimicrobial agents from natural sources urgent. Consequently,
novel and effective antimicrobial compounds have attracted much interest of scientists since its
isolation. In 2011, the antimicrobial compounds ieodomycins A–D were first isolated by Shin and
coworkers from the EtOAc extract of a marine strain of Bacillus species. Through NMR and HRMS
analysis and modified Mosher’s method, the planar structures and the absolute configurations were
determined, as shown in Figure 1. Subsequent in vitro antimicrobial experiments showed that all
of these compounds possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. They are active against
Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 32–64 µg/mL [5].
Ieodomycin B has a potential therapeutic application as an antimicrobial agent, and it has an
extremely low isolation yield (3.4 mg of ieodomycin B was obtained from 100 L of culture broth) and
the greatest complexity among all ieodomycins. Consequently, it has attracted attention from chemical
researchers. Several approaches to the synthesis of antimicrobial fatty acids have been developed.
As depicted in Scheme 1, four groups besides our own have achieved different total syntheses of
ieodomycin B in the same year. Koul first reported the total synthesis of ieodomycin B using the
chiral-pool approach starting from D-glucose, which consists of more than 15 steps [
simultaneously, Krishnaiah published another stereoselective total synthetic route for ieodomycin B
starting from geraniol, which also requires 15 steps [ ]. In Krishnaiah’s route, a protocol that includes
6]. Almost
7
Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation-epoxide opening and subsequent 1,3-reduction is used to construct
the chiral hydroxyl groups at the C-3 and C-5 positions. Meshram described a novel protection-free,
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stereoselective, eight-step synthesis of ieodomycin B from commercially available 4-pentyne-1-ol [
This route involves a Crimmins-modified Evans aldol reaction and a nucleophilic addition of the
potassium salt of monomethyl malonate, forming the -hydroxyl -keto ester. It then ends in a
8].
δ
β
1,3-reduction, affording the desired chiral centers. Goswami and coworkers achieved ieodomycin B in
nine linear steps starting from the same alcohol. In their route, they used the Crimmins-modified Evans
aldol reaction twice to construct the two chiral hydroxyls [9]. Recently, our group reported a short
total synthesis of ieodomycin B involving seven steps [10]. In this approach, we used Ti4+-catalyzed
asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction and the subsequent 1,3-induced reduction to construct the
chiral centers. However, its enantioselectivity is only 88% ee. This unsatisfactory result prompted us to
develop an alternative route to ieodomycin B.
Figure 1. Chemical structures of ieodomycins A–D.
Scheme 1. Reported total syntheses of ieodomycin B.
In continuation of our studies on developing a new approach toward the synthesis of lactones
and on obtaining the natural product at a higher optical purity, we focused on the total synthesis
of ieodomycin B. Although the chemical structure of ieodomycin B appears to be simple, a novel
and effective protocol to its total synthesis is important. It is well-known that chelation-controlled

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Mukaiyama aldol addition using alkoxy groups such as p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) ether or benzyl
(Bn) ether is a very important methodology for the highly diastereoselective construction of the
syn/anti-diol unit (for an example, see [11]). Using this methodology, we developed in the present
study a total synthesis of ieodomycin B using a Crimmins-modified Evans aldol reaction. This reaction
is followed by a Mukaiyama aldol reaction induced by PMB ether to selectively construct C-5 and C-3
chiral centers.
2. Results
On the basis of the above considerations, we utilized the 1,3-asymmetrically inductive Mukaiyama
aldol reaction in the total synthesis of ieodomycin B. Therefore, we performed our retrosynthetic
analysis based on this strategy, as depicted in Scheme 2. We envisioned retrosynthetically that
the target molecule ieodomycin B could be prepared from the intermediate
disconnection from the protected aldehyde and silyl enol ether via the 1,3-inductive Mukaiyama
aldol reaction. We noticed that has trans configuration. Considering that the chelation-controlled
step and deprotection are simple, we decided to protect the hydroxyl in using PMB, in accordance
with the studies of Munro et al. [12 13]. The total synthesis was mainly focused on the formation of the
precursor . We propose that can be obtained through a few conversion steps from , which can be
could be easily
1, which is suitable for
3
2
1
1
,
3
3
4
prepared by a Crimmins-modified Evans aldol reaction of aldehyde
prepared from geraniol.
5. Compound 5
Scheme 2. Retrosynthetic analysis of ieodomycin B.
The detailed synthetic route for
5 starting from commercially available geraniol followed
procedures described in our previous report [10]. As shown in Scheme 3, geraniol underwent Swern
oxidation, regioselective epoxidation of the isolated double bond using m-CPBA, and subsequent Wittig
olefination with Ph3P=CH2 to the stable epoxide
afford the low-boiling-point , which we then immediately subjected to the Crimmins-modified Evans
aldol reaction after aborative manipulation.
8. Using HIO4, we cleaved the resulting epoxide to
5

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Scheme 3. Synthetic route of aldehyde
5
. Reagents and conditions: (
a
) (COCl)2, DMSO, Et3N,
◦
◦
◦
dichloromethane (DCM),
−
78 C to 0 C, 98%; (
b
) m-CPBA, DCM, 0 C, 85%; (
c) Ph3PCH3Br, n-BuLi,
◦
◦
tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0 C, 75%; (d) HIO4, THF/H2O (5:3), 0 C, 84%.
With
aldol addition with the acetylthiazolidine thione
titanium enolate generated from reacted with
excellent yield [ ]. As described above, we initially attempted to protect the hydroxyl in
PMB group under certain conditions, but we could not obtain the desired compound 10. Therefore,
we proceeded to convert to a Weinreb amide and then protected it. Direct amidation of with
MeONHMe HCl catalyzed by imidazole yielded Weinreb amide 11. Subsequent treatment of the latter
5
in hand, secondary alcohol
4
could be obtained by using a Crimmins-modified Evans
. In the presence of TiCl4 and (i-Pr)2NEt (DIPEA),
, forming the predominant desired isomer in
using the
9
5
9
4
8
4
4
4
•
with PMBBr in the presence of NaH afforded the PMB ether 12 in a 67% yield (Scheme 4). Subsequently,
◦
12 was reduced with DIBAL-H at
fragment 3 in about a 61% yield.
−
78 C for 1 h to produce the Mukaiyama aldol precursor aldehyde
Scheme 4. Syn◦thetic route of the intermediate
3
. Reagents and conditions: (
a
) TiCl4, DIPEA, DCM,
◦
◦
−
40 C to
−
78 C, 55%; (
b
) MeONHMe
•
HCl, imidazole, DCM, rt, 68%; (
c) NaH, PMBBr, DMF,
−
15 C,
◦
67%; (d) DIBAL-H, DCM, −78 C, 61%.
With aldehyde
3 in hand, our next objective was to construct the 1,3-trans diol unit. We
retrosynthetically devised a Mukaiyama aldol reaction induced by a chiral PMB ether in C-5 to
selectively construct the C-3 chiral hydroxyl. In our previous study, we found that the mixed
titanium species Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 can effectively induce a chelation-controlled Mukaiyama aldol reaction
between the
with high diastereoselectivity. Meanwhile, common Lewis acids such as BF3
MgBr2
OEt2 afforded 1,3-trans diol in a low to moderate yield. Thus, we used Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 in the
β-alkoxy aldehyde and silyl enol ether, affording the 1,3-trans diol in high yield and
•
OEt2, SnCl4, TiCl4, and
•

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key Mukaiyama aldol condensation. Considering the possibility of obtaining ieodomycin A and the
simplicity of the lactonization, we first attempted to use the ((1-methoxyvinyl)oxy)trimethylsilane 2a
as the nucleophilic reagent for reaction with 3, but failed. We could hardly obtain the related silyl
enol ether of methyl acetate upon treatment of methyl acetate with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)
and trimethyl chlorosilane (TMSCl). Believing that the ester group effects the reaction, we switched
the methyl to the benzyl group and thus obtained the desired silyl enol ether 2b
[
14]. Reaction of
the unpurified crude product of silyl–enol etherification of 2b with
3
was carried out at
−
78 ◦C in
the presence of the catalyst Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 (freshly prepared with TiCl4 and Ti(OiPr)4 at 1:1 ratio in the
◦
solvent DCM at 0 C). This step readily produced the desired 1,3-anti product
1 as the single isomer in
about a 72% yield (Scheme 5).
Scheme 5. Synthetic route of the intermediate
−78 C, 72%.
1
. Reagents and conditions: (
a
) Ti(OiPr)2Cl2, PhCH3,
◦
Our final procedure was the removal of the PMB protective group. We originally conducted
a stepwise protocol consisting of deprotection and lactonization to obtain ieodomycin B. However,
when we used typical reagents such as p-TsOH, PPTS, DDQ, and CAN, we observed only fuzzy
spots in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) along with a decomposition of 1. Finally, we found that
brief treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in DCM at 0 ◦C afforded ieodomycin B in a 50% yield
(Figure 2 and Table 1). Extending the treatment, however, resulted in decomposition and low yield.
Figure 2. Deprotection and lactonization to ieodomycin B.
Table 1. Deprotection and lactonization conditions for the preparation of ieodomycin B.
Entry
Reagent
Solvent
Temperature
Yield
◦
1
1
2
3
4
5
p-TsOH
PPTS
DDQ
CAN
TFA
MeOH
MeOH
DCM
DCM
DCM
70 C
-
-
-
-
1
reflux
◦
◦
1
−78 C
1
−78 C
◦
0 C
50%
1
Without isolation, the yield for the fuzzy spots in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was not calculated.
On the basis of Munro’s work [12], we propose that the highly diastereoselective formation of
1,3-trans diol arises from the following mechanism (described in Figure 3): Titanium first forms a
chelated complex A with the aldehyde carbonyl in
3 and the ether oxygen of hydroxyl protected by
PMB, and the diene group in its preferred conformation occupies a pseudoaxial position. Subsequently,

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the silyl enol ether ((1-(benzyloxy)vinyl)oxy)trimethylsilane 2b attacks from the less-hindered side,
which is opposite to the diene group, giving the anti-diol product 1.
Figure 3. Mechanism of the Mukaiyama aldol addition induced by p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) ether.
3. Experimental Section
3.1. General
All reactions were carried out under N2 atmosphere with dry solvents unless otherwise noted
and monitored via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) carried out on 0.25 mm silica gel plates (60F-254).
Silica gel (200–300 mesh) for flash column chromatography was supplied by Qingdao Marine chemical
factory in Qingdao, China. Anhydrous toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled from
sodium-benzophenone. Dichloromethane (DCM) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) was distilled
from CaH2. Yield refers to chromatographic and spectroscopic 1H and 13C NMR, unless otherwise
stated. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV 400 NMR spectrometer (Bruker, Fällanden,
Switzerland) (1H: 400 MHz, 13C: 100 MHz). High-resolution mass spectra were obtained from an
Applied Biosystems Q-Star Elite MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA,
USA). Optical rotations were measured on a Rudolph Autopol IV automatic polarimeter (Rudolph,
Hackettstown, NJ, USA) in CHCl3 at 25 ◦C.
3.2. (R,E)-1-((R)-4-Benzyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylnona-6,8-dien-1-one (4)
To a solution of thiazolidinethione
TiCl4 (3.2 mL, 29.0 mmol, 1.8 equiv) was added dropwise at
was stirred for 5 min at the same temperature. Then, DIPEA (4.1 mL, 29.0 mmol, 1.8 equiv) was added
9
(4.8 g, 19.3 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in anhydrous DCM (60 mL)
◦
−
40 C, and the resultant yellowish slurry
◦
◦
78 C,
slowly. The deep reddish solution was stirred for another 1 h at
and aldehyde (2.0 g, 16.1 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (24 mL) was added via a cannula. Stirring of
the mixture continued at
78 ◦C for 20 min and was quenched by saturated aqueous NH4Cl (20 mL).
It was then extracted with DCM (3 80 mL), washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4,
−
40 C before being cooled to
−
5
−
×
filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification via silica gel column chromatography (petroleum
ether/EtOAc = 20:1) yielded compound 4 (3.3 g, 55%) as a light yellow oil.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3),
δ 7.28–7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23–7.19 (m, 3H), 6.51 (dt, J = 16.8 Hz, 12.0 Hz, 1H),
5.84 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.38–5.32 (m, 1H), 5.05 (d, J = 16.8, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 4.11–4.06
(m, 1H), 3.60 (dd, J = 17.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (dd, J = 11.5 Hz, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.12 (dd, J = 13 Hz, 3.1 Hz,
1H), 3.05 (dd, J = 17.7 Hz, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (dd, J = 13 Hz, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (s,
1H), 2.21–2.12 (m, 1H), 2.12–2.08 (m, 1H), 1.72 (s, 3H), 1.67–1.53 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ
201.4, 173.1, 138.6, 136.3, 133.2, 129.4, 128.9, 127.2, 125.9, 115.0, 68.2, 67.5, 45.8, 36.8, 35.6, 34.3, 32.0, 16.6.
3.3. (R,E)-3-Hydroxy-N-methoxy-N,6-dimethylnona-6,8-dienamide (11)
To a solution of compound
32.0 mmol, 4.0 equiv) and imidazole (2.72 g, 40.0 mmol, 5.0 equiv) were added, and the resultant
mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. When it was clear via TLC that compound had
4
(3.0 g, 8.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DCM (45 mL), MeONHMe HCl (3.12 g,
•
4

Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 17
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been consumed, the reaction was quenched with a saturated aqueous NH4Cl solution (20 mL), and
the resultant mixture was extracted with DCM (3 80 mL). The organic layer was then washed with
×
brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification
of the residue by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc = 3:1) yielded the desired
Weinreb amide 11 (1.23 g, 68%) as a yellow oil.
[
α]2D5 = +42.4 (c = 1.5, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 6.56 (dt, J = 16.8 Hz, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 5.89 (d,
J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (d, J = 16.8, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04–3.96 (m, 1H), 3.83–3.80 (m, 1H),
3.68 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.69–2.65 (m, 1H), 2.50–2.43 (m, 1H), 2.34–2.20 (m, 1H), 2.20–2.10 (m, 1H), 1.77
(s, 3H), 1.74–1.52 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ 173.8, 139.0, 133.2, 125.7, 114.8, 67.5, 61.2, 38.1,
35.6, 34.6, 31.8, 16.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C12H21NO3Na [M + Na]+ 250.1414, found 250.1416.
3.4. (R,E)-N-Methoxy-3-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-N,6-dimethylnona-6,8-dienamide (12)
NaH (0.21 g, 5.28 mmol, 1.5 equiv, 60% in mineral oil) was added to the solution of compound 11
(0.80 g, 3.52 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (12 mL) at
stabilized with 5 wt % K2CO3). The suspension was stirred at
via TLC that compound 11 was consumed; then, it was poured onto H2O (5 mL) and ether (3
The layers were separated and the organic layer was then washed with brine, dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated at reduced pressure. The residue was purified via silica gel column
chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc = 10:1) to yield PMB ether 12 (0.82 g, 67%) as a yellow oil.
−
15 ◦C and PMB-Br (1.03 mL, 7.04 mmol, 2.0 equiv,
−
15 ◦C for 1.5 h until it was observed
40 mL).
×
[
α]2D5
=
−
7.5 (c = 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,
2H), 6.48 (dt, J = 16.8 Hz, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.85 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J = 16.8, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 10.1 Hz,
1H), 4.47 (q, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98–3.92 (m, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.86 (dd, J = 14.6,
6.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (dd, J = 15.0, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 2.25–2.07 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.80–1.66 (m, 2H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ 159.1, 139.1, 133.3, 130.8, 129.4, 125.6, 114.7, 113.7, 75.6, 71.6, 61.3, 55.2, 37.2, 35.4,
33.1, 29.7, 16.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C20H29NO4Na [M + Na]+ 370.1989, found 370.1989.
3.5. (R,E)-3-((4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy)-6-methylnona-6,8-dienal (3)
DIBAL-H (1.20 mL, 1.80 mmol, 1.5 M in toluene, 1.3 equiv) was added dropwise to a◦solution of
the Weinreb amide 12 (0.57 g, 1.64 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in freshly distilled DCM (25 mL) at
−
78 C. Stirring
◦
of the reaction continued at
−
78 C for 1 h until it was observed via TLC that compound 12 had
been consumed. Then, it was quenched with a saturated aqueous NaCl solution (5 mL). The mixture
was extracted with DCM (3 20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated
at reduced pressure. The residue was purified via silica gel column chromatography (petroleum
ether/EtOAc = 20:1) to afford aldehyde as a yellow oil (0.29 g, 61%). The aldehyde was unstable so
it did not characterize and was used in the next step immediately.
×
3
3
3.6. (3S,5R,E)-Benzyl 3-hydroxy-5-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)-8-methylundeca-8,10-dienoate (1)
To a solution of Ti(OiPr)4 (10.1 mL, 33.8 mmol) in toluene (30 mL), TiCl4 (3.37 mL, 30.7 mmol)
was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min, and the resultant 1
M Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 solution was used in the next step.
The above freshly prepared Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 (2.08 mL, 2.08 mmol, 0.6 equiv) solution was cooled
to
−
78 ◦C to yield a milky white slurry. This slurry was then treated with a solution of aldehyde
3
(1.0 g, 3.47 mmol, 1 equiv) in toluene (25 mL) via a cannula over the course of 10 min at
resultant pale yellow homogeneous solution was stirred at
a solution of the ((1-(benzyloxy)vinyl)oxy)trimethylsilane 2b (4.63 g, 20.8 mmol, 6.0 equiv, prepared
−
78 ◦C. The
◦
−
78 C for 15 min before being treated with
following [14]) in toluene (6 mL) via a cannula. The bright yellow reaction mixture was then stirred at
◦
−
78 C for another 40 min before being quenched with a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (20 mL)
when it was observed via TLC that compound
3 was consumed. The mixture was warmed to room
temperature and extracted with DCM (3 50 mL). The organic extracts were combined, washed with
×

Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 17
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brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified
via flash chromatography (petroleum ether/EtOAc = 10:1) to yield compound
yellow oil.
1 (1.09 g, 72%) as a
[
α]2D5 = +4.1 (c = 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)
δ 7.41–7.35 (m, 5H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H),
6.88 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (dt, J = 16.9 Hz, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 5.86 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 5.12
(d, J = 16.8, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.54–4.45 (m, 2H), 4.41–4.31 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.75–3.70
(m, 1H), 3.39 (brs, 1H), 2.59–2.50 (m, 2H), 2.13–2.09 (m, 2H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.83–1.60 (m, 4H); 13C NMR
(CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ 172.2, 159.2, 138.9, 135.6, 133.2, 130.3, 129.5, 128.5, 128.2, 128.2, 125.6, 114.9, 113.8,
75.6, 71.0, 66.3, 65.2, 55.2, 41.8, 39.9, 35.2, 31.8, 16.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C27H34NO5Na
[M + Na]+ 461.2298, found 461.2302.
3.7. Ieodomycin B
To a solution of compound
5.1 mmol, 7.0 equiv) was added dropwise at 0 C and stirred at 0 C for 30 min. When it was observed
1
(0.25 g, 0◦.57 mmol, 1 equiv) in toluene (15 mL), TFA (0.3 mL,
◦
via TLC that compound
1 was consumed, the reaction was quenched with a saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 solution (20 mL). The mixture was warmed to room temperature and extracted with DCM
(3 × 20 mL). The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4,
filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via flash chromatography (petroleum
ether/EtOAc = 1:1) to afford the desired natural product, ieodomycin B (60 mg, 50%), as a light
yellow oil.
[
α]2D5 = +22.6 (c = 1, CHCl3 ); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ 6.53 (ddd, J = 16.8, 10.4, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.84
(d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28–4.02 (m, 2H), 2.85 (dd,
J = 16.8 Hz, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (dd, J = 16.8 Hz, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.32–2.12 (m, 3H), 1.88–1.79 (m, 2H), 1.73 (s,
3H), 1.61–1.51 (m, 1H). 13C NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ 171.4, 137.5, 132.9, 126.2, 115.4, 76.7, 63.4, 39.3,
37.5, 34.7, 33.4, 16.5. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C12H18O3Na [M + Na]+ 233.1148, found 233.1149.
4. Conclusions
In conclusion, we have obtained ieodomycin B from commercially available geraniol via a concise
route. A diastereoselective chelation-controlled Mukaiyama aldol reaction was used to construct
the trans-diol, and a TFA-promoted one-pot reaction was used to accomplish the deprotection and
lactonization steps. This route is an alternative approach to ieodomycin B synthesis. The high
anti-selectivity of the Mukaiyama aldol addition, which results in the formation of the anti-diol
product, is assumed to arise from the β-chelation of titanium cation by the oxygens of the aldehyde
and the PMB-protected ether. Further application of such approach in the preparation of analogues of
ieodomycins is now in progress.
Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/1/17/s1:
1
1
Figure S1: H NMR spectra of Compound
4
, Figure S2: 13C NMR spectra of Compound
4
, Figure S3: H NMR
spectra of Compound 11, Figure S4: 13C NMR spectra of Compound 11, Figure S5: H NMR spectra of Compound
1
12, Figure S6: 13C NMR spectra of Compound 12, Figure S7: 1H NMR spectra of Compound
1
, Figure S8: 13C NMR
1
spectra of Compound
1
, Figure S9: H NMR spectra of ieodomycin B, Figure S10: 13C NMR spectra of Ieodomycin
B, Figure S11: MS spectra of Compound 11: HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C12H21NO3Na [M + Na]+ 250.1414, found
250.1416, Figure S12: MS spectra of Compound 12: HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C20H29NO4Na [M + Na]+ 370.1989,
found 370.1989, Figure S13: MS spectra of Compound 1
: HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C27H34NO5Na [M + Na]+
461.2298, found 461.2302, Figure S14: MS spectra of ieodomycin B: HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd. for C12H18O3Na
[M + Na]+ 233.1148, found 233.1149.
Acknowledgments: We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21362012, 21562020),
Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Province (No. 20142BBE50006, 20151BBE50004, 20151BBG70028),
the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20151BAB203007), the Scientific Research Fund of Jiangxi
Provincial Education Department (No. KJLD12036), and the Training Fund for Excellent Young Scientists of
Jiangxi Province (No. [2013]138) for funding support.

Mar. Drugs 2017, 15, 17
9 of 9
Author Contributions: Xiaoji Wang and Shuangping Huang conceived and designed the experiments;
Shuangjie Lin and Jianting Zhang performed the experiments; Zhibin Zhang and Tianxiang Xu analyzed the data
and contributed reagents; Xiaoji Wang and Shuangping Huang wrote the manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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