Ultrathin Cell-Membrane-Mimic Phosphorylcholine Polymer Film Coating Enables Large Improvements for In Vivo Electrochemical Detection

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/anie.201705900

Resisting biomolecule adsorption onto the surface of brain-implanted microelectrodes is a key issue for in vivo monitoring of neurochemicals. Herein, we demonstrate that an ultrathin cell-membrane-mimic film of ethylenedioxythiophene tailored with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (EDOT-PC) electropolymerized onto the surface of a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE) not only resists protein adsorption but also maintains the sensitivity and time response for in vivo monitoring of dopamine (DA). As a consequence, the as-prepared PEDOT-PC/CFEs could be used as a new reliable platform for tracking DA in vivo and would help understand the physiological and pathological functions of DA.

Full text of DOI:10.1002/anie.201705900

A Journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker
Angewandte
International Edition Chemie
www.angewandte.org
Accepted Article
Title: Ultrathin Cell Membrane-mimic Phosphorylcholine Polymer Film
Coating Enables Large Improvement for in Vivo Electrochemical
Detection
Authors: Lanqun Mao
This manuscript has been accepted after peer review and appears as an
Accepted Article online prior to editing, proofing, and formal publication
of the final Version of Record (VoR). This work is currently citable by
using the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) given below. The VoR will be
published online in Early View as soon as possible and may be different
to this Accepted Article as a result of editing. Readers should obtain
the VoR from the journal website shown below when it is published
to ensure accuracy of information. The authors are responsible for the
content of this Accepted Article.
To be cited as: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10.1002/anie.201705900
Angew. Chem. 10.1002/ange.201705900
Link to VoR: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201705900
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201705900

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.201705900
COMMUNICATION
Ultrathin Cell Membrane-Mimic Phosphorylcholine Polymer Film
Coating Enables Large Improvement for In Vivo Electrochemical
Detection
[
b]
[a]
[a]
[c]
[b]
[c]
Xiaomeng Liu, Tongfang Xiao, Fei Wu, Mo-Yuan Shen, Meining Zhang, * Hsiao-hua Yu, * and
[a]
Lanqun Mao *
Abstract: Resisting biomolecules adsorption onto the surface of
the brain-implanted microelectrode is a key issue for in vivo
monitoring of neurochemicals. Here, we demonstrate for the first
the surface of the microelectrode. More importantly, it should not
compromise the sensitivity of the microelectrode or the temporal
resolution for in vivo measurements.
time
an
ultrathin
cell
membrane-mimic
with
film
zwitterionic
of
Towards the goal of minimizing the protein adsorption on the
brain-implanted microelectrodes, we previously found that pre-
treatment of CFEs with bovine serum albumin (BSA) can
minimize further adsorption of proteins when the electrodes are
implanted into the rat brain; however, this also causes significant
ethylenedioxythiophene
tailored
phosphorylcholine (EDOT-PC) electropolymerized onto the
surface of carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE) not only resists
protein adsorption but also maintains the sensitivity and time
response for in vivo monitoring of dopamine (DA). As a
consequence, the as-prepared PEDOT-PC/CFEs could be used
as a new reliable platform for tracking DA in vivo and would help
understand the physiological and pathological functions of DA.
[
4b]
sensitivity drop of CFEs to neurochemicals, including DA.
Herein, we report an antifouling film for in vivo tracking of
neurochemical dynamics without leveling down the electrode
performance by electropolymerizing ethylenedioxythiophene
(
EDOT) functionalized with cell membrane-mimic zwitterionic
phosphocholine (PEDOT-PC) to form an ultrathin cell
membrane-like film onto CFEs. Among all zwitterionic structural
units, PC is one of the most ideal candidates resisting
In vivo electrochemistry has been of great concern in both
chemistry and neuroscience communities due to its capability to
track the dynamics of neurochemicals with a high spatiotemporal
nonspecific protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm
[
1]
resolution. For in vivo electrochemical detection, a carbon fiber
microelectrode (CFE) is generally implanted into the brain of
animals and the electrode inevitably suffers from nonspecific
adsorption of biomacromolecules (i.e., biofouling), proteins in
[6]
formation,
assembled
although some PC-polymers such as self-
long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons-PC can
[7]
passionate electrodes. To solve this problem and confine PC-
polymer onto the microelectrodes in a controllable manner, we
choose the PC with a short 5-carbon chain, graft the short-chain
PC onto EDOT to yield EDOT-PC, and form an ultrathin cell
membrane-mimic film (i.e., PEDOT-PC) onto microelectrodes
through an electropolymerization process, as shown in Scheme
[2]
particular, onto the surface. Furthermore, biofouling often
triggers foreign body responses, leading to the formation of a
foreign body capsule surrounding the implanted electrode and
[
3]
thus isolating it from the tissue. This hinders or completely
prevents analyte from reaching the electrode and hence
inactivates the implanted microsensor, leading to decreased
sensitivity and prolonged response time for in vivo
1. As we found previously, PEDOT-PC film not only displays
high resistance towards nonspecific binding of various proteins
and nerve cells, but also exhibits excellent biocompatibility and
[
4]
measurements. To solve this problem, coating anti-biofouling
films such as Nafion, base-hydrolyzed cellulose acetate (BCA),
fibronectin, and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)/Nafion,
onto the microelectrode surface has proven to be one of the
[8]
stability in aqueous media.
Another important reason for our choice of EDOT-PC is that
EDOT is easily electropolymerized onto CFEs to form a well-
confined polymer featuring fast electron transfer. Grafting PC
onto EDOT leads to the formation of an insulating layer with
[2c,5]
most effective strategies.
Generally speaking, the anti-
biofouling film should be biocompatible and easily coated onto
EDOT-PC
monomer
through
a
self-controlled
electropolymerization process. At the microelectrode modified
with PEDOT-PC, neurochemicals like DA quickly penetrate the
PC layer and efficiently exchange electrons at the PEDOT layer,
avoiding the decrease in both sensitivity and response time. As
[
a]
T. Xiao, Dr. F. Wu, Prof. L. Mao
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory
of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),
Beijing 100190, China.
E-mail: lqmao@iccas.ac.cn
[
[
b]
c]
X. Liu, Associate Prof. Dr. M. Zhang
Department of Chemistry
Renmin University of China,
Beijing 100872, China.
E-mail: mnzhang@ruc.edu.cn
M. Shen, Prof. H. Yu
Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica
128 Academic Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
E-mail: bruceyu@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of
the document.((Please delete this text if not appropriate))
Scheme 1 (a) The structure of PEDOT-PC and (b) the schematic of the
interface between PEDOT-PC/CFE and solution.
1
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.201705900
COMMUNICATION
[
9]
adsorption. Moreover, the short 5-carbon chains of PC units
and the good conductivity of EDOT units well facilitate both the
mass transport through the PEDOT-PC ultrathin film and the
electron transfer between neurochemicals and CFE, as
illustrated below.
In order to investigate the antifouling ability of the PEDOT-
PC/CFEs against proteins, the electrodes were immersed into a
solution of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled BSA (40
-1
mg mL ) for 2 h before water rinsing. For comparison, bare CFE
and PEDOT-OH/CFE were also treated with FITC-BSA under
the same condition. As shown in Figure 2, the amounts of BSA
adsorbed on surfaces of PEDOT/CFE (B and B’) and PEDOT-
OH/CFE (C and C’) were much less than that of the bare CFE (A
and A’). Increased surface hydrophilicity appeared to disfavor
nonspecific protein adsorption, which was further proved by the
absence of FITC-BSA on the surface of the PEDOT-PC/CFE.
The strong anti-fouling property of PEDOT-PC/CFE can thus be
ascribed to the highly hydrophilic surface and cell membrane-
mimic structure of the PEDOT-PC film.
Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (A) bare CFE, (B)
PEDOT/CFE, (C) PEDOT-OH/CFE, and (D) PEDOT-PC/CFE. The contact
angles of (E) GC, (F) PEDOT/GC, (G) PEDOT-OH/GC and (H) PEDOT-
PC/GC.
a consequence, the ultrathin cell membrane-like PEDOT-PC film
is expected to greatly improve the sensing performance of the
electrodes for in vivo electrochemical detection.
Compared to EDOT and EDOT-OH monomers, EDOT-PC is
difficult to be electrochemically polymerized onto bare CFEs due
to the steric hindrance and hydrophilic nature of the big tail of
PC group. To solve this problem, EDOT-OH was firstly
electropolymerized onto the surface of CFE to form PEDOT-
OH/CFE, on which EDOT-PC was then electropolymerized to
form PEDOT-PC/EDOT-OH/CFE (denoted as PEDOT-PC/CFE
hereafter). As shown in Figure S1, electropolymerization of
EDOT-PC at the surface of PEDOT-OH was a self-controlled
process (Figure S1C), which was different from those of EDOT
Figure 2. Confocal fluorescent images of FITC-BSA treated electrodes. (A,
A’) bare CFE, (B, B’) PEDOT/CFE, (C, C’) PEDOT-OH/CFE, (D, D’) PEDOT-
PC/CFE in merged (upper) and dark (lower) fields.
We next investigated electrochemical activity of the PEDOT-
PC/CFEs toward DA. As displayed in Figure 3A, at the PEDOT-
OH/CFE, the charging current (i.e., 50 nA, red curve) increased
to almost 25 times of that of bare CFE (i.e., 2 nA, black curve),
due to improved conductivity by the PEDOT-OH film. The same
phenomenon was also observed at the PEDOT/CFE (Figure S3).
When the PEDOT-PC film was electropolymerized onto the
surface of PEDOT-OH/CFE, the charging current of the
electrode was dramatically decreased to 2.2 nA because of the
insulating nature of the PC layer. Nevertheless, the faradic
current response of DA at the PEDOT-PC/CFE (Figure 3B, red
curve) remained almost the same as that at bare CFE (Figure
(
Figure S1A) and EDOT-OH (Figure S1B). For instance, the
electropolymerizing current of EDOT-PC was much smaller (ca.
0 nA at 1.3 V) than those of EDOT (i.e., 0.8 μA at 1.3 V) and
3
EDOT-OH (i.e., 0.3 μA at 1.3 V), and the current decreased with
continuous potential cycling and almost reached the background
th
level at the 5 cycle. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images
show that the further formation of PEDOT-PC onto the PEDOT-
OH did not significantly increase the film thickness (Figure S2),
suggesting the formation of an ultrathin film with PEDOT-PC on
the surface of PEDOT-OH. To avoid big charging current
resulted from the thick conducting PEDOT-OH film, EDOT or
EDOT-OH was later electropolymerized for only one cycle onto
CFEs. SEM images of PEDOT/CFE (Figure 1B), PEDOT-
OH/CFE (Figure 1C), and PEDOT-PC/CFE (Figure 1D)
demonstrate a full coverage of CFEs by PEDOT, PEDOT-OH or
PEDOT-PC film. Contact angle measurements show that the
surface of PEDOT-PC was more hydrophilic (i.e., 17°, Figure
3B, black curve). In addition, cyclic voltammetric (CV) results
revealed that the |E3/4-E1/4| values at the PEDOT-PC/CFE (38
mV, Figure 3B) and bare CFE (39 mV, Figure 3B) were almost
-1
unchanged at different scan rates up to 200 mV s (Figure S4),
which was indicative of similar interfacial electron transfer rates
of DA at both electrodes. These results demonstrate that the
coating of PEDOT-PC membrane does not affect the electrode
sensitivity toward DA. This is a step forward from electrode
coatings by conventional antifouling membranes or BSA
[4b,7a]
compromising current responses of DA.
Furthermore, the
1
3
H) than those of PEDOT (i.e., 43°, Figure 1F), PEDOT-OH (i.e.
2°, Figure 1G), and bare glassy carbon (GC) substrate (i.e., 75°,
current recorded at the PEDOT-PC/CFE was much stable as
compared to that at bare CFE (Figure 3C and Figure S5),
Figure 1E), which might improve its resistance to protein
2
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.201705900
COMMUNICATION
[
2c,4b,5c]
suggesting that PEDOT did not adsorb the product of DA
oxidation, which was frequently observed at carbon
electrodes.
hindered from reaching the electrode surfaces.
This would
definitely influence the accuracy of in vivo measurement.
Interestingly, as seen in Figure 4A and Figure S6A, the current
response toward DA was almost maintained at the PEDOT-
PC/CFE after in vivo implantation of the electrode. The ratio of
the sensitivity by post-calibration (Spost) to that by pre-calibration
(Spre) was calculated to be 0.92 ± 0.07 for the PEDOT-PC/CFE
(Figure 4B), demonstrating a high resistance to nonspecific
[
10]
To further study the antifouling property of PEDOT-PC/CFE
against proteins, we performed in vitro electrochemical studies
with BSA, a model protein commonly used in antifouling
[2c,4b,5c]
researches.
As a starting point, we continuously recorded
the amperometric response of the PEDOT-PC/CFE toward DA
followed by addition of BSA into solution. As shown in Figure 3D, adsorption of proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and greatly
the addition of BSA induced quick decreases in amperometric
current responses recorded at bare CFE (ca. 60%, blank curve),
PEDOT/CFE (ca. 52%, blue curve), and PEDOT-OH/CFE (ca.
improved reliability for in vivo measurements. For comparison,
the ratios were 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.05 for the PEDOT/CFE
(Figure S6B, and S6D) and the PEDOT-OH/CFE and PEDOT-
OH/CFE (Figure S6C and S6E), respectively, suggesting large
decreases in sensitivities after in vivo implantation without the
additional PC layer.
40%, green curve). In contrast, at the PEDOT-PC/CFE, the
current only decreased by ca. 8% upon the addition of BSA (red
curve). This result reveals that the presence of protein did not
remarkably influence the performance of the PEDOT-PC/CFE in
DA sensing, because nonspecific protein adsorption was
efficiently reduced as illustrated by the “clean” surface of the
PEDOT-PC film out of a proteinaceous solution (Figure 2D and
2D’). This property, along with the good electrochemical activity
for the oxidation of DA and biocompatibility of the PEDOT-PC
film, well enables the PEDOT-PC/CFE for in vivo monitoring of
DA with a high reliability.
Figure 4. (A) Pre- and post-calibration curves obtained with the PEDOT-
PC/CFE upon successive additions of DA (each addition, 5 μM) in aCSF
before (black curve) and after (red curve) in vivo implantation of the electrode
in the striatum of rat brain for 2 h. (B) The ratios of sensitivities by post-
calibration of the PEDOT/CFE (red column), PEDOT-OH/CFE (green column)
and PEDOT-PC /CFE (blue column) to that by pre-calibration in aCSF after in
vivo electrode implantation for 2 h. (C) Amperometric response recorded with
PEDOT-PC/CFE in the striatum by locally injecting KCl to evoke DA release.
(D) In vivo FSCV recorded with the PEDOT-PC/CFE by stimulating medial
forebrain bundle (MFB) (white shadow, 3 seconds at 60 Hz, ± 250 μA, 2 ms
per phase). Current versus time trace (black line) was extracted from the
colour plot at the peak oxidation potential (ca. +0.50 V) for DA. Scan rate, 400
Figure 3. Typical cyclic voltammograms (CVs) obtained at (A) PEDOT-
OH/CFE (red curve), (B) PEDOT-PC/CFE (red curve), and bare CFE (black
−1
curves in A and B) in aCSF containing 20 μM DA. Scan rate was 50 mV·s
.
-1
V s .
(
(
C) Amperometric current response towards 20 μM DA recorded with CFE
black) and PEDOT-PC/CFE (red) at +0.20 V. I and I were the current values
0
at starting time and given time, respectively. (D) Amperometric current
response towards 20 μM DA recorded with CFE (black), PEDOT/CFE (blue),
PEDOT-OH/CFE (green), and PEDOT-PC/CFE (red) at +0.20 V upon the
addition 10 mg mL BSA as indicated in the figure. I and I were current
0
values at starting time and given time, respectively.
We compared the surface morphology of PEDOT/CFE,
PEDOT-OH/CFE and PEDOT-PC/CFE before and after
implantation into the brain tissue. After a 2 h implantation in the
rat brain, the surfaces of nanostructured PEDOT (Figure S7A)
and PEDOT-OH (Figure S7B) had large aggregates of
biomacromolecules, the amount of which was obviously smaller
on the surface of the PEDOT-PC/CFE (Figure S7C). Reduced
accumulation of biomacromolecules was most likely due to
lessened adsorption of proteins onto the electrode surface. It
could thus explain much smaller decrease in the sensitivity of
-
1
The antifouling property of the PEDOT-PC/CFEs was also
evaluated in vivo. To do this, the electrodes were implanted into
the live brains of rats for several hours (typically 2 h) before in
vitro assessment of their amperometric responses toward DA.
As observed previously, adsorption of proteins onto CFEs during
in vivo implantation essentially led to significant sensitivity loss,
which could be as high as 70%, because the analytes were
3
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.201705900
COMMUNICATION
the PEDOT-PC/CFE after in vivo operation (Figure 4B, blue
column).
Although some coating films have been reported, our use of
PEDOT-PC to coat CFEs for in vivo analysis is remarkable in
terms of the large improvement in the analytical properties of the
method. For example, Nafion, base-hydrolyzed cellulose acetate
Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 533-543; c) D. L. Robinson, A. Hermans,
A. T. Seipel, R. M. Wightman, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2554-
2584.
[2] a) G. S. Wilson, M. A. Johnson, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2462-
2481; b) R. J. Soto, J. R. Hall, M. D. Brown, J. B. Taylor, M. H.
Schoenfisch, Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 276-299; c) Y. S. Singh, L.
E. Sawarynski, P. D. Dabiri, W. R. Choi, A. M. Andrews, Anal.
Chem. 2011, 83, 6658-6666; d) R. Li, X. Liu, W. Qiu, M. Zhang,
Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 7769-7776.
[3] a) S. Vaddiraju, I. Tomazos, D. J. Burgess, F. C. Jain, F.
Papadimitrakopoulos, Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 25, 1553-
1565; b) M. Frost, M. E. Meyerhoff, Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7370-
7377; c) B. D. Ratner, S. J. Bryant, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.
2004, 6, 41-75; d) M. C. Frost, M. E. Meyerhoff, Annu. Rev. Anal.
Chem. 2015, 8, 171-192.
[4] a) J. G. Roberts, J. V. Toups, E. Eyualem, G. S. McCarty, L.
A. Sombers, Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 11568-11575; b) X. Liu, M.
Zhang, T. Xiao, J. Hao, R. Li, L. Mao, Anal. Chem. 2016, 88,
7238-7244.
[5] a) R. C. Engstrom, R. M. Wightman, E. W. Kristensen, Anal.
Chem. 1988, 60, 652-656; b) S. Marinesco, T. J. Carew, J.
Neurosci. Meth. 2002, 117, 87-97; c) R. F. Vreeland, C. W.
Atcherley, W. S. Russell, J. Y. Xie, D. Lu, N. D. Laude, F.
Porreca, M. L. Heien, Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 2600-2607.
[6] a) S. F. Chen, J. Zheng, L. Y. Li, S. Y. Jiang, J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2005, 127, 14473-14478; b) H. Li, P. Dauphin-Ducharme,
N. Arroyo-Curras, C. H. Tran, P. A. Vieira, S. Li, C. Shin, J.
Somerson, T. E. Kippin, K. W. Plaxco, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
2017; Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 7600-7603; c) W. Feng, J. L.
Brash, S. Zhu, Biomaterials 2006, 27, 847-855; d) J. Sibarani,
M. Takai, K. Ishihara, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2007, 54,
88-93.
(
BCA), fibronectin, and PEDOT/Nafion, and BSA only realized
anti-fouling at some extent and compromise the sensitivity of
bare electrodes in sensing monoamines (i.e., ca.70% for BSA,
[
2c,4b]
ca. 20% for fibronectin, and ca. 15% for BCA).
Although
PEDOT/Nafion showed high anti-fouling property to proteins, the
thickness of film should be carefully controlled to maintain
[
5a,5c]
desired sensitivity.
To validate the PEDOT-PC/CFE for monitoring DA release in
the brain, we used both amperometry and fast-scan cyclic
voltammetry (FSCV) to track DA in vivo. Figure 4C shows the
typical amperometric response obtained at the PEDOT-PC/CFE
implanted in the rat striatum when the animal was stimulated by
local injection of 70 mM KCl. Consistent with the previous
[11]
reports,
KCl stimulation induced a rapid increase in the
current due to the release of DA. We also used FSCV to monitor
DA release with the PEDOT-PC/CFE in the rat NAc by bipolar
stimulating in rat MFB (Figure 4D) and evaluated DA release
according to pre-calibration (Figure S8). We can see the
stimulated release of DA peak pattern and kinetics recorded by
FSCV, which were almost the same as that reported
[
12]
previously. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the
PEDOT-PC/CFE could monitor the release of DA in vivo as
[12]
normal CFEs without time lap, but with less protein adsorption
as described above. Moreover, the excellent properties of the
PEDOT-PC could also be used to establish in vivo
electrochemical methods for monitoring of other molecules such
as oxygen with high reliability (Figure S9).
[7] a) A. L. Gui, E. Luais, J. R. Peterson, J. J. Gooding, ACS
Appl. Mater. Inter. 2013, 5, 4827-4835; b) L. Su, F. Gao, L. Mao,
Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 2651-2657.
In summary, we have developed an in vivo electrochemical
method with CFEs coated with a cell membrane-mimic film,
PEDOT-PC. The PEDOT-PC coating not only efficiently
prevents the protein adsorption but also well maintains the
sensitivity and temporal resolution toward DA. These unique
properties successfully endow the in vivo measurement of
neurochemicals with high reliability. This strategy is believed to
advance the further development of a new and facile platform for
in vivo measurement of neurochemicals in the brain.
[8] B. Zhu, S. C. Luo, H. Zhao, H. A. Lin, J. Sekine, A. Nakao, C.
Chen, Y. Yamashita, H. H. Yu, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4523.
[9] a) Q. Wei, T. Becherer, S. Angioletti-Uberti, J. Dzubiella, C.
Wischke, A. T. Neffe, A. Lendlein, M. Ballauff, R. Haag, Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 8004-8031; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126,
8138-8169; b) I. Banerjee, R. C. Pangule, R. S. Kane, Adv.
Mater. 2011, 23, 690-718; c) M. Rabe, D. Verdes, S. Seeger,
Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 162, 87-106; d) E. A. Vogler,
Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 74, 69-117.
[
10] a) W. Harreither, R. Trouillon, P. Poulin, W. Neri, A. G.
Acknowledgements
Ewing, G. Safina, Electrochim. Acta 2016, 210, 622-629; b) W.
Harreither, R. Trouillon, P. Poulin, W. Neri, A. G. Ewing, G.
Safina, Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 7447-7453.
[
2
The authors are grateful for financial support from the National
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21621062, 21435007,
and 21210007 for L. M., 21475149, 21522509 for M.Z.), the
National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933704 and
11] P. Zhong, P. Yu, K. Wang, J. Hao, J. Fei, L. Mao, Analyst
015, 140, 7154-7159.
12] P. A. Garris, R. M. Wightman, J. Neurosci. 1994, 14, 442-
50.
[
4
2016YFA0200104), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and
the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: In vivo electrochemistry • Antifouling •
Electropolymerization • Zwitterionic phosphocholine • Dopamine
[
1] a) T. Xiao, F. Wu, J. Hao, M. Zhang, P. Yu, L. Mao, Anal.
Chem. 2017, 89, 300-313; b) M. Zhang, P. Yu, L. Mao, Acc.
4
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
10.1002/anie.201705900
COMMUNICATION
Entry for the Table of Contents
COMMUNICATION
Xiaomeng Liu, Tongfang Xiao, Fei Wu,
Mo-Yuan Shen, Meining Zhang*, Hsiao-
hua Yu*, and Lanqun Mao*
Page No. – Page No.
Ultrathin Cell Membrane-mimic
Phosphorylcholine Polymer Film
Coating Enables Large Improvement
for In Vivo Electrochemical Detection
Ultrathin cell membrane-mimic film of ethylenedioxythiophene tailored with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine electropolymerized onto the
surface of carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE) was found for the first time not only to resist protein adsorption but also to maintain the
sensitivity and temporal resolution for in vivo monitoring of dopamine (DA). The as-prepared PEDOT-PC/CFEs could be used as a
new reliable platform for tracking DA in vivo and would help understand the physiological and pathological functions of DA.
5
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.