Synthesis, Stability and Direct Antiproliferative Effect of New Cysteine Modified GnRH Analogs

Article abstract of DOI:10.1007/s10989-018-9781-y

It is demonstrated that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs can directly inhibit the proliferation of reproductive tissue cancer cells, but the poor pharmacokinetic properties still restrict their application in treating hormone-dependent diseases. Modifications in position 6 and 10 of natural GnRH can improve the metabolic stability. In order to study the effect of incorporation Cys⁶ substitution with C-terminal Pro⁹-NHEt modification and dimerization of linear peptides on metabolic stability and antiproliferative activity of GnRH analogs, two new GnRH analogs [l-Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹-NHEt]-GnRH (1) and [d-Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹-NHEt]-GnRH (2), and their corresponding dimer derivatives ([l-Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹-NHEt]-GnRH)₂ (3) and ([d-Cys⁶, desGly¹⁰, Pro⁹-NHEt]-GnRH)₂ (4) were synthesized. Incubation of these analogs with human serum was carried out to evaluate their metabolic stability, and direct growth inhibitory effect of the two dimer derivatives 3 and 4 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was examined by MTT assay. The metabolic stability of dimer derivatives 3 and 4 was remarkably improved in comparison with natural GnRH. The d-Cys⁶ substituted dimer derivative 4 exhibited higher inhibitory effect (29.6–39.7% growth reduction) on cell growth than its corresponding counterpart 3 (21.8–26.2% growth reduction) at concentration range of 50, 100 and 200 μΜ. The cell growth inhibition of leuprolide was 16.4–27.2% at the tested concentrations. The dimer derivative 4 was the most stable and active GnRH analog in this study and has the potential for future preclinical investigations as promising antitumor drug candidate.

Full text of DOI:10.1007/s10989-018-9781-y

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Design of access control system based on the near field communication
(NFC) technology
To cite this article: Biqing Li et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 452 042020
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IMMAEE 2018
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doi:10.1088/1757-899X/452/4/042020
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering452 (2018) 042020
Design of access control system based on the near field
communication (NFC) technology
Biqing Li 1, Miao Tian 2, *, Shiyong Zheng 3, Suping Jiang 4
1School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou
Guangxi 542899, China
2School of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng Henan 475004, China
3Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
4Guangxi Talent International College, Qinzhou Guangxi 535000, China
*Corresponding author e-mail:229292710@qq.com
Abstract. With the development of mobile Internet technology, Android smart phones
is gradually integrated into people's lives, and become important information terminal.
Short-range wireless communication (NFC) is one of the technologies for use in access
control systems, this kind of short-distance wireless communication standard can be
achieved within a few centimeters of data exchange between devices. NFC is also in
full compliance with ISO standards for management of contactless smart card, which is
a notable feature of it an ideal platform. Android smartphones are gradually replace
most of the commonly used tools in our lives, such as cameras, maps and so on, and
NFC functionality based on the Android platform will gradually replace the life of cash
payments and IC card access control system, NFC has become an important trend of
development of intelligent access control system. This design from two aspects of
hardware and software to take on Android platform-based NFC function plays an
important role in access control systems. This design is based on the Android phone's
NFC features using single-chip computer system relays, electromagnetic locks, smart
home functions, NFC contactless door way humans bring more convenience, farewell
forgot to bring my keys at home will not be suffering.
Key words: NFC; intelligent phone; Android; access control system.
1. Introduction
This design put forward the function of using Android smartphone replaces ordinary key to open / close
the door, and completed the design of NFC intelligent door lock, providing a reference for the
development of intelligent access control system. The mobile access control technology improves the
practicability, convenience and security of the access control system, and reduces the cost. Compared
to the traditional approach, mobile access system is more conducive to the security of user protection
facilities, rooms and storage areas, creates opportunities for innovative applications and integrates many
access applications into a single, convenient solution, as shown in: firstly, the approach brings a huge
advantage to the users of integrated applications to access control system solutions. In addition to
providing centralized management for organizations, access control system, which integrates multiple
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applications, provides convenience to employees, who, with no multiple cards required, can open doors,
log on to computers, use attendance and security printing management systems, pay for meals or
transportation, perform non-cash transactions and other applications. Secondly, it makes it easy for users
to join other new applications. Currently, biometric templates, including fingerprints, iris or palm
geometry, veins, and so on, can be securely stored on a card as additional conditions for authentication,
realizing access control function of other applications include building automation and medical record
management.
2. Design Requirements and Scheme Selection
2.1. Design requirements
Unlock by access card, smart phone or key; control by electronic lock;
The alarm system adopts buzzer and LED lamp;
The time and times of unlocking can be recorded;
(1) Realize access card unlock, 5 sets of card number can be saved, and can be modified;
(2) Realize the unlocking of the intelligent machine, 5 groups of addresses can be saved, and can be
modified;
(3) The key can be used to open the lock when the cell phone is out of power or the power is off;
(4) Acousto-optic alarm for 10 consecutive verification failures;
(5) Logging function.
2.2. Scheme selection
Figure 1. NFC Functional Access Control System
The design of the access control system based on Android NFC included the following three steps:
(1) Programming
(2) Data packet transmission
(3) Program flow processing.
The design of the access control system based on Android NFC function communicates with the
NFC card reader in the access control system through the NFC function of mobile phone, which can
quickly identify and verify identity, compatible with the traditional IC card, and has high recognition
rate. The NFC card reader, based on Android NFC function, can communicate directly with devices
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with NFC function such as mobile phone, touch card, tag, etc., maximizing the advantages of the NFC
access control system, and is superior to the currently used IC access read head, which can only be used
as a card reader to read contactless cards. The NFC access control system is closely designed and
continuously optimized, with the functions of data storage and forwarding, in order to record the UID,
storage data of a plurality of NFC devices and authorize them. When the NFC device of the recorded
UID is close to the NFC card reader for identification and verification, the door lock is opened or closed.
The NFC access control system has the following advantages:
(1) Based on Android system, compatible with ISO14443A standard, Android is open source and
developable, the NFC function on Android platform is practical, and smartphones, tablet computers, etc.
are adding the NFC function step by step;
(2) The near field communication technology has strong confidentiality and is not easy to be cracked
and attacked, which is also the primary consideration of the security of access control;
(3) ITEAD PN532 NFC module, compatible with various control boards;
(4) It is convenient to use. Nowadays, people carry their mobile phones with them, so they do not
have to worry about the embarrassment of forgetting keys.
Figure 2. Hardware circuit diagram
IC card access control system has been relatively popular, but the technology is relatively backward,
and the development prospect is far less than NFC, which mainly exists in mobile phones, is closely
related to people's lives. The near field communication is sensitive to induction and has high recognition
rate. Decided to use scheme II after comparison
3. Hardware Selection of System
3.1. NFC card reader and writer module
ITEAD PN532 NFC module, as its name implies, is one based on PN532 chip for 13.56MHz near field
communication function, equipped with an on-board antenna, so there is no need for an external antenna
coil. The module is compatible with SPI, IIC and UART interface communication, can be very
convenient for NFC functional product development with the NFC library support of Android and
Raspberry Pi.
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Features of NFC module:
(1) Maximum effective communication distance of 5 cm
(2) Support interface switching of SPI, IIC, UART
(3) Non-contact communication available for 13.56M
(4) Compatible with class A and B standards of ISO14443 TYPE
Figure 3. NFC card reader module
3.2. The minimum system of STC89C51 MCU
STC89C51 MCU learning board is a system based on 8-bit MCU processing chip STC89C52RC, which
is a single clock / machine cycle (1T) compatible 8051 kernel MCU, is a new generation of 8051 MCU
with high speed / low power consumption, with new pipeline / reduced instruction set structure, internal
integrated MAX810 special reset circuit.
3.3. EEPROM data memory
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), is a kind of memory chip in which
data will not be lost when power is turned off, can erase existing information on a computer or on a
dedicated device and reprogram it, generally used in plug and play.
3.4. Electromagnetic lock
The design principle of the electromagnetic lock is the same as that of the electromagnet, that is, the
principle of using electric energy to generate magnetic field. When the current through the silicon steel
door lock, the electromagnetic lock will produce a strong attraction, then absorbed adsorption iron plate
tightly to achieve locking. With a small electric current, the electromagnetic lock will produce a great
deal of magnetic force, then power down when the person is identified correctly by the access control
system controlling the electromagnetic lock power supply, and opens the door when the electromagnetic
lock loses its suction. Because the electromagnetic lock does not have the complex mechanical structure
as well as the lock tongue structure, and is suitable in access control for escape doors or fire doors, so it
is the best choice for access control system.
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4. Design of Hardware Circuit of System
4.1. Design of single chip microcomputer system
(1)Introduction of Single Chip Microcomputer STC89S52
The single chip microcomputer is small in size, powerful in function, and confidential. It is an
integrated chip and can save a lot of hardware circuits, which makes it easy to use. The pin package for
the STC89C52 chip is shown in figure 4.
Figure 4. Pin structure of STC89C51
The VCC, GND, XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the pins of the external connected crystal. The input of the
internal oscillator inverting amplifier is XTAL1 and the output is XTAL2 . The pins are suspended in
an external oscillating circuit.
ALE/PROG, RST and PSEN are used for control, and EA/VPP is a power multiplex pin. RST reset
input, which resets through high and low levels of two machine cycles; when oscillator is running.
(2)Design of Minimum System of Single Chip Microcomputer
In the minimum system of single chip microcomputer, 20 pins are connected to earthing terminal
and 40 pins to power supply, which makes the normal reading and writing of ROM inside single chip
microcomputer. The oscillating circuit of this design adopts internal clock mode. When the XTAL1 and
XTAL2 pins are connected with a parallel resonant circuit with the crystal oscillator of 11.0592MHz
and the capacitance of 30pF usually, the oscillation circuit inside the single chip microcomputer will
produce self-oscillation.
The reset function of STC89C51 is realized by external reset circuit, and there are two ways of that,
namely, button reset and power-on automatic reset. The latter is realized by charging the capacitor of
the external reset circuit. If the rising time of the Vcc does not reach 1ms, it will be automatically reset,
otherwise, it will not. At this time, it needs to be realized by button reset. In the actual circuit, R1 acts
as a current limiter. The minimum system composed of STC89C51 is shown as follow.
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Figure 5. minimum system of single chip microcomputer
4.2. The working principle of NFC
There are three main working modes of NFC terminal:
(1)active mode
In active mode, the NFC terminal can act as a card reader, emitting RF fields to identify and read /
write other NFC device information.
(2)passive mode
This mode is exactly the opposite of the active mode, where the NFC terminal is modeled as a card,
which only passively responds to the RF field emitted by other devices and is read / written information.
(3)two-way mode
In this mode, both sides of the NFC terminal actively send out RF field to establish point-to-point
communication, which equals that two NFC devices are both in active mode.
4.3. Design of hardware structure of nfc intelligent door lock
The hardware structure of NFC intelligent door lock is mainly composed of an integrated circuit board,
a set of door lock power supply, a USB interface, a processor chip based on ARM926, two NFC chips,
a door lock rotating mechanical interface and a SD card interface. The door lock power interface, the
USB interface, the door lock controller chip, the NFC chip, the door lock rotation mechanical interface
and the SD card interface are embedded on the integrated circuit board, they are connected by the related
circuit on the integrated circuit board.
4.4. Design of system power supply
Control system is +12V DC power supply, in order to obtain DC power supply that is stable and can
provide a certain amount of power to ensure that the power supply can provide enough power to the
motor, using a double 12V transformer with 15W power, outputting rectified DC power by rectifier
bridge, and then filter the jitter DC current by filter capacitor, so as to get a smooth current.
5. System Software Setup
5.1. Program processing flow
The program processing flow of NFC access control system based on Android platform mainly includes
the following steps:
(1) Start the main program;
(2) initialize the IO port;
(2) Initialize the NFC card reader PN532;
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(3) verify the switch state of the door lock;
(4) Looking for the card reading device (I. e., NFC device);
(5) Verify whether the UID of the NFC device is correct or not;
(6) Verify whether the password of NFC device is correct or not;
(7) verify the existence of collision and start the anti-collision program;
(8) Verification completed, unlock the door.
6. System Production and Debugging
6.1. System production
NFC access control system production is divided into the following three steps:
(1) The design and debugging of the hardware system.
(2) The design and debugging of the software system.
(3) Overall check, modify the problems of each module.
6.2. Software system debugging
This design is based on the Android NFC function, in the Android NFC application, Android mobile
phone is usually used as the initiator in the communication, that is, as a reader of various NFC cards.
Android's support for NFC is primarily in the android.nfc and android.nfc.tech packages.
7. Conclusion
(1) The main design of the hardware system was the design and manufacture of the NFC card reader
and the MCU control circuit. The problems in hardware were less and were easier to be solved.
(2) The problem, in the aspect of software design, lies in the two modules of program writing and
card reader identification, the process of which were tedious and the workload was heavy. The problem,
however, solved by studying hard and consulting with classmates and teachers as well as searching for
relevant references.
This work is supported the following fund:
2018Guangxi Young and Middle-aged Teachers'Achievement Project: “design and implementation
of picking Robot based on Internet of things” (No, 2018KY0556).
2018Guangxi higher Education Teaching Reform Project:”Exploration of cultivating Mechanism of
Teaching characteristics of Communication Engineering Specialty based on ICT Education platform of
ZTE”(No,2018JGB322).
2018Guangxi Vocational Education Teaching Reform Project:”Reflections on the course setup of
English majors in Private Vocational Colleges in Guangxi under Market demands Taking Guangxi
Talent International College as an example”(NO,GXGZJG2018A035)
2017 The student work subject program of Hezhou university:”college students' network addiction
of the student work service research”(No,hzxysz201707).
2016 The higher education research subject project project of Hezhou university:”between
collaborative innovation research of entrepreneurial talent cultivation system”.
2016 Guangxi university scientific research project::”Study on image processing based on digital
compression sensing theory of intelligent robot”(No,KY2016YB454).
2017 college students' innovative entrepreneurial project:”The agricultural robot autonomous
operations research based on machine vision”(No,201711838096) &&”Multi-functional autonomous
agriculture robot development”(No,201711838121) &&”Research and development of navigation
system for agricultural robot”(No,201711838008) &&”Research and development of data acquisition
system and servo control system for mobile platform of agricultural robot” (No,201711838075)
&&”Research and development of visual navigation system for agricultural robot test
platform”(No,201711838076).
2017 Guangxi education science 'ten-three-five' planning project:”Based on zte's ICT education
platform of fusion, work-integrated learning education training mode research”(No,2017B107).
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