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3
Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge research
grants PS266-2010A, RP024-2012A, ER010-2012A, FP012/2012A
and UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/05 for funding the research. We also
thank Dr. Noraini Ahmad, Department of Chemistry for her assistance
in instrumental analyses.
36:199–207
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Handbook of liquid crystals, handbook of liquid crystals: four
volume set, vol 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
8. Baron M (2001) Definitions of basic terms relating to low-molar-
mass and polymer liquid crystals (IUPAC Recommendations
2
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Author Biographies
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J Agric Food Chem
Maryam Farhana Kamel Ariffin obtained her bachelor of science in
biotechnology from the University of Malaya, Malaysia in 2009. She
completed her master of science degree at the University of Malaya in
August 2013 under the supervision of Associate Professor M. Suffian
M. Annuar and Associate Professor Thorsten Heidelberg in the field
of enzymatic biocatalysis.
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0. Cauglia F, Canepa P (2008) The enzymatic synthesis of gluco-
sylmyristate as a reaction model for general considerations on
Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar is an associate professor at
the University of Malaya, Malaysia. He is affiliated with the Institute
of Biological Sciences. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of
Malaya. His area of expertise is in enzyme catalysis and bioprocess
development, which is directed towards the development of material
and energy efficient, low-waste processes for the synthesis of high
value chemicals such as chiral intermediates.
‘
sugar esters’ production. Bioresour Technol 99:4065–4072
1. Ferrer M, Soliveri J, Plou FJ, Lopez-Cortes N, Reyes-Duarte D,
Christensen M, Copa-Pati n˜ o JL, Ballesteros A (2005) Synthesis
of sugar esters in solvent mixtures by lipases from Thermomyces
lanuginosus and Candida antarctica B, and their antimicrobial
properties. Enzyme Microb Technol 36:391–398
2. Soultani S, Ognier S, Engasser JM, Ghoul M (2003) Comparative
study of some surface active properties of fructose esters and
commercial sucrose esters. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng
Asp 227;35–44
3. Drummond C, Wells D (1998) Nonionic lactose and lactitol
based surfactants: comparison of some physico-chemical prop-
erties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 14:131–142
4. Rosen MJ, Aronson S (1981) Standard free energies of adsorption
of surfactants at the aqueous solution/air interface from surface
tension data in the vicinity of the critical micelle concentration.
Colloids Surf 3:201–208
1
Thorsten Heidelberg is an associate professor at the University of
Malaya, Malaysia. He is affiliated with the Department of Chemistry.
He obtained his Ph.D. from Hamburg University, Germany. His area
of expertise includes organic chemical synthesis, nano-materials,
chemical spectroscopy and structural chemistry. Through his
research, he developed several synthetic techniques to prepare
nano-particles and glycolipids for liquid crystal and related
applications.
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