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Histamine
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Name

Histamine

 EINECS 200-100-6
CAS No. 51-45-6 Density 1.14 g/cm3
PSA 54.70000 LogP 0.61120
Solubility Soluble in water, alcohol, and hot chloroform. Melting Point 83-84 °C(lit.)
Formula C5H9N3 Boiling Point 331 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 111.147 Flash Point 180.3 °C
Transport Information UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 Appearance White to slightly yellow powder
Safety 22-26-36/37 Risk Codes 22-36/37/38-42/43
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 51-45-6 (Histamine) Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn
Synonyms

1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine(9CI);Histamine (8CI);2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine;2-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)ethanamine;2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine;2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethanamine;4-(2-Aminoethyl)imidazole;5-Imidazoleethylamine;Eramin;Ergamine;Ergotidine;Imidazole-4-ethylamine;NSC 33792;b-Imidazolyl-4-ethylamine;

Article Data 64

Histamine Synthetic route

18502-05-1

4-cyanomethylimidazole

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrazine hydrate In ethanol at 60℃; for 1h; Autoclave; Industrial scale;66%
With ammonia; nickel
13518-55-3

4-(2-chloroethyl)-1H-imidazole

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; ammonia
66348-61-6

monocloridrato di 2-(2-tiono-4-imidazolin-4-il)etilamina

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With water; iron(III) chloride
71-00-1

D,L-histidine

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
bei der Zersetzung durch Bakterien der Coli-Typhus-Gruppe;
bei der Zersetzung durch Bakterien der Coli-Typhus-Gruppe in saurem Medium und bei Gegenwart von kohlenstoff- und stickstoffliefernden Substanzen;
Bakterielle Bildung bei der Faeulnis von Sojabohnen zurueckzufuehren;
71-00-1

L-histidine

A

51-45-6

histamine

B

4998-57-6

His

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid at 240 - 250℃;
5354-94-9

N-benzoyl-L-histidine

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 240℃; unter vermindertem Druck; Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit konz. Salzsaeure bei 180gradC;
at 240℃; im Vakuum und Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit konz.Salzsaeure bei 180grad;
65465-66-9

1-acetoxy-4N-phthalimidobutan-2-one

3473-63-0

formamidine acetic acid

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multistep reaction;
117308-63-1

Anguibactin

A

51-45-6

histamine

B

303-38-8

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

C

98135-21-8

Dehydrocystine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride at 100℃; for 24h;

2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-ethylamine

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tri-n-propylamine In gas at 69.9℃; Thermodynamic data; δΔGH+(g), var. bases;
4(resp. 5)-cyanomethyl-imidazole

4(resp. 5)-cyanomethyl-imidazole

51-45-6

histamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ethanol; sodium

Histamine Chemical Properties

Molecular Structure:

Molecular Formula: C5H9N3
Molecular Weight: 111.1451
IUPAC Name: 2-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)ethanamine
Synonyms of Histamine (CAS NO.51-45-6): Histamine [USAN] ; 1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine ; 2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine ; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-imidazole ; 5-Imidazoleethylamine ; CCRIS 6535 ; EINECS 200-100-6 ; Eramin ; Ergamine ; Ergotidine ; Ethylamine, 2-imidazol-4-yl- ; Free histamine ; HSDB 3338 ; Imidazole, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- ; Imidazole-4-ethylamine ; Istamina ; Istamina [Italian] ; NSC 33792 ; Theramine ; UNII-820484N8I3 ; beta-Aminoethylglyoxaline ; beta-Aminoethylimidazole ; beta-Imidazolyl-4-ethylamine ; 1H-Imidazole-5-ethanamine ; 2-Imidazol-4-ylethylamine
CAS NO: 51-45-6
Classification Code: Histamine Agents ; Histamine Agonists ; Mutation data ; Natural Product ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Reproductive Effect
Melting point: 83-84 °C 
Index of Refraction: 1.567
Molar Refractivity: 31.86 cm3
Molar Volume: 97.4 cm3
Surface Tension: 56 dyne/cm
Density: 1.14 g/cm3
Flash Point: 180.3 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 57.36 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 331 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.00016 mmHg at 25 °C

Histamine Production

 Histamine (CAS NO.51-45-6) is derived from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase.

Histamine Toxicity Data With Reference

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LDLo subcutaneous 34mg/kg (34mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 185, Pg. 461, 1937.
dog LD50 intravenous 7mg/kg (7mg/kg) CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES Indian Veterinary Journal. Vol. 57, Pg. 31, 1980.
dog LDLo subcutaneous 28500ug/kg (28.5mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: COMA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"		 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 718, 1948.
frog LDLo subcutaneous 1700mg/kg (1700mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 718, 1948.
guinea pig LD50 intraperitoneal 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 736, 1948.
guinea pig LD50 intravenous 180ug/kg (0.18mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 95, Pg. 45, 1949.
guinea pig LDLo oral 200mg/kg (200mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 718, 1948.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 8mg/kg (8mg/kg)   Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. Vol. 9, Pg. 379, 1954.
monkey LDLo intravenous 50mg/kg (50mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 718, 1948.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 725mg/kg (725mg/kg)   British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 17, Pg. 137, 1961.
mouse LD50 intravenous 385mg/kg (385mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 13, Pg. 89, 1979.
mouse LD50 oral 220mg/kg (220mg/kg)   Japanese Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 4, Pg. 105, 1991.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 2500mg/kg (2500mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 13, Pg. 89, 1979.
rabbit LDLo intravenous 2mg/kg (2mg/kg)   "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 784, 1948.
rabbit LDLo subcutaneous 12mg/kg (12mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)

CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION		 "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 718, 1948.
rat LD50 intravenous 630mg/kg (630mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES		 Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. Vol. 13, Pg. 89, 1979.
rat LDLo subcutaneous 250mg/kg (250mg/kg) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER (DIRECT) PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD		 Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 185, Pg. 461, 1937.

Histamine Safety Profile

Hazard Codes of Histamine (CAS NO.51-45-6): HarmfulXn
Risk Statements: 22-36/37/38-42/43 
R22: Harmful if swallowed. 
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 
R42/43: May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.
Safety Statements: 22-26-36/37 
S22: Do not breathe dust. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36/37: Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
RIDADR: UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: MS1050000
F: 3-10-23
HazardClass: 6.1(b)
PackingGroup: III

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