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Iodine

Base Information Edit
  • Chemical Name:Iodine
  • CAS No.:7553-56-2
  • Deprecated CAS:24503-90-0,8012-81-5,8012-85-9,8031-47-8,8012-81-5,8012-85-9,8031-47-8
  • Molecular Formula:I2
  • Molecular Weight:253.809
  • Hs Code.:2801200000
  • European Community (EC) Number:231-442-4
  • ICSC Number:0167
  • NSC Number:42355
  • UN Number:3495,3085
  • UNII:9679TC07X4
  • DSSTox Substance ID:DTXSID7034672
  • Wikipedia:Diiodine
  • Wikidata:Q2064483
  • NCI Thesaurus Code:C594
  • RXCUI:5933
  • ChEMBL ID:CHEMBL1201225
  • Mol file:7553-56-2.mol
Iodine

Synonyms:Iodine;Iodine 127;Iodine-127

Suppliers and Price of Iodine
Supply Marketing:Edit
Business phase:
The product has achieved commercial mass production*data from LookChem market partment
Manufacturers and distributors:
  • Manufacture/Brand
  • Chemicals and raw materials
  • Packaging
  • price
Total 0 raw suppliers
Chemical Property of Iodine Edit
Chemical Property:
  • Appearance/Colour:Grey to purple solid 
  • Vapor Pressure:0.49mmHg at 25°C 
  • Melting Point:113 °C(lit.) 
  • Refractive Index:1.788 
  • Boiling Point:184.35 °C at 760 mmHg 
  • PSA:0.00000 
  • Density:3.835 g/cm3 
  • LogP:1.77140 
  • Solubility.:Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in carbon disulfide, in chloroform, in carbon tetrachloride, and in ether; soluble in alcohol and in solutions of iodides; sparingly soluble in glycerin. 
  • Water Solubility.:0.3 g/L (20℃) 
  • XLogP3:1.7
  • Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:0
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:0
  • Rotatable Bond Count:0
  • Exact Mass:253.80895
  • Heavy Atom Count:2
  • Complexity:0
  • Transport DOT Label:Corrosive Poison
Purity/Quality:
Safty Information:
  • Pictogram(s): HarmfulXn, Dangerous
  • Hazard Codes: Xn:Harmful;
  • Statements: R20/21:; R50:; 
  • Safety Statements: S23:; S25:; S61:; 
MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:
  • Chemical Classes:Other Classes -> Elements, Nonmetallic
  • Canonical SMILES:II
  • Recent ClinicalTrials:Iodine Status in Swedish Lactating Women - Effect of Iodine Supplementation in the Thyroid Function of Mother and Infant
  • Recent EU Clinical Trials:An open, multicenter, single dose, parallel study, evaluating the
  • Recent NIPH Clinical Trials:The effect of oral disinfectant containing iodine on thyroid function. Preliminary Study: Iodine intake from mouthwash and antiseptic solution.
  • Inhalation Risk:A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.
  • Effects of Short Term Exposure:Lachrymation. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is irritating to the skin. Inhalation of the vapour may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS). Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
  • Effects of Long Term Exposure:Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization in rare cases. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma-like syndrome (RADS). The substance may have effects on the thyroid.
  • Sources Iodine is naturally present in soil and seawater and can be obtained from dietary sources such as iodized table salt, seafood, and supplements.[1]
  • Chemical Composition and Structure Iodine primarily exists as iodide (I-) or iodate (IO3-) in nature. In supplements and iodized salt, it is commonly in the form of potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3).[1]
  • Medical Uses Iodine supplementation was demonstrated in the early 20th century to prevent endemic goiter, leading to the introduction of salt iodization programs. Since then, iodine deficiency disorders have significantly declined globally, representing a major public health achievement.
    Iodine is classified as a trace element and is essential for the production of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).[2] Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and is used in the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), including endemic goiter, cretinism, and intellectual impairment.[1]
  • Chemical Applications Iodine is used in various industrial applications, including nuclear power, where it is employed to capture and sequester radioactive iodine residues.[3] It also possesses antioxidant, bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties and is being investigated for potential antineoplastic effects in cancer therapy.[4]
  • Mechanism of Action Iodine regulates overall metabolism and plays a critical role in fetal and child neurodevelopment, organ, and tissue function. It is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate various physiological processes.
  • References [1] Iodine and Iodine Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review of a Re-Emerging Issue
    [2] The Role of Iodine for Thyroid Function in Lactating Women and Infants
    DOI 10.1210/endrev/bnab029
    [3] Adsorption of iodine in metal–organic framework materials
    DOI 10.1039/D0CS01192D
    [4] Iodine: Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Beyond
    DOI 10.3390/nu13124469
  • General Description Iodine (7553-56-2) is a versatile halogen used in organic synthesis, particularly in electrophilic cyclizations, radical reactions, and as a reagent for functional group transformations. It facilitates key steps such as boron-to-carbon migration in organoborane chemistry, promotes tandem cyclizations to form heterocycles like iodoisoquinoline-fused benzimidazoles, and acts as an atom-transfer reagent in solid-phase radical cyclizations. Additionally, iodine reacts with dibromocarboxamides to form thermally stable but solution-labile N,N-diiodocarboxamides and serves as a halogenating agent in modifying dipyrrinato ligands for tuning electronic properties in metal complexes. Its broad utility spans pheromone synthesis, drug discovery, and materials chemistry.
Technology Process of Iodine

There total 1550 articles about Iodine which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:
Guidance literature:
Irradiation (UV/VIS); in glass vessel or uviol vessel, wavelenght higher than 2540?;; Kinetics;
Guidance literature:
at -190 ℃; 253 nm.Photolysis;
DOI:10.1021/j150559a004
Guidance literature:
mit UV-Licht; Produkt5: Wasserstoff.Irradiation;
Refernces Edit

Stereocontrol in the Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction. 4. A Remarkable Effect of Overlap Requirements in the Connecting Chain

10.1021/jo00348a046

The main content of the study involves the exploration of the synthesis of (Z)-7-alken-1-ols, which are significant as insect sex attractants, particularly pheromones for various moth species. The researchers utilized organoboranes to achieve a general, one-pot, and stereospecific synthesis of these compounds. The process began with the monohydroboration of 1-alkynes with borepane to produce trans-1-alkenylborepanes. Subsequent treatment of these compounds with iodine in the presence of a base led to a migration of the cycloalkyl chain from boron to the adjacent carbon, forming intermediates with an eight-membered borocane moiety. These intermediates then underwent rapid deiodoboronation to yield (Z)-7-alken-1-boronate esters, which upon oxidation resulted in the desired (Z)-7-alken-1-ols. This method offers a convenient route for the synthesis of specific pheromones, such as (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol, (2)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, which are crucial for pest control in agriculture.

CuI/I2-promoted electrophilic tandem cyclization of 2-ethynylbenzaldehydes with ortho -benzenediamines: Synthesis of iodoisoquinoline-fused benzimidazoles

10.1021/jo102060j

The study presents an efficient method for synthesizing iodoisoquinoline-fused benzimidazole derivatives, which are significant for their potential biological activities such as anti-HIV-1, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. The researchers developed a tandem cyclization strategy using CuI/I2 to promote the electrophilic tandem cyclization of 2-ethynylbenzaldehydes with ortho-benzenediamines. This approach led to the formation of the desired iodoisoquinoline-fused benzimidazoles in moderate to good yields. The study also explored the scope of the reaction with various substrates and demonstrated the potential of the synthesized products for further functionalization through cross-coupling reactions, highlighting the importance of this method for drug discovery and the development of heterocyclic compounds with diverse biological activities.

Solid-phase tandem radical addition-cyclisation reaction of oxime ethers

10.1039/b101074n

The research focuses on the development of solid-phase tandem radical addition-cyclisation reactions of oxime ethers connected with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups. The purpose of this study was to effectively form azacycles or chiral oxacycles through C-C bond-forming reactions on a solid support under mild conditions. The researchers used triethylborane as a radical initiator, which demonstrated potential for inducing intermolecular and intramolecular radical reactions on solid support. Key chemicals involved in the process included oxime ethers, a,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, iodine atom-transfer reagents, and various radical precursors such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, and sec-butyl iodides.

Diiodoamine: Acyl derivatives

10.1007/BF00912612

The research explores the synthesis and properties of N,N-diiodocarboxamides, a novel class of compounds. The study aims to prepare and characterize these compounds by reacting N,N-dibromocarboxamides with iodine, resulting in the formation of various N,N-diiodocarboxamides such as HCONI2, CH3CONI2, and C6H5CONI2. The research concludes that these compounds exhibit high thermal stability in the solid state but are highly unstable in solution, decomposing to iodine and acyl nitrene. The compounds' low solubility and spectroscopic properties suggest a polymeric structure. The study highlights the significant differences between N,N-diiodocarboxamides and their dibromo analogs, particularly in terms of solubility, stability, and reactivity. The key chemicals used in the research include N,N-dibromocarboxamides, iodine, and various solvents such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 1,2-dichloroethane.

Electronic perturbations of iron dipyrrinato complexes via ligand β-halogenation and meso-fluoroarylation

10.1021/ic2009539

The research investigates the electronic perturbations of iron dipyrrinato complexes through ligand β-halogenation and meso-fluoroarylation. The purpose is to systematically explore how peripheral ligand variations affect the chemistry of transition-metal dipyrrinato complexes, which have potential applications in areas like metal-organic frameworks, fluorescence labeling, and C-H activation chemistry. The researchers synthesized a series of nine dipyrrins with different substituents at the pyrrole backbone (β positions) and the bridgehead methine (meso position), and their FeII complexes. Key chemicals used include pyrrole, various aromatic aldehydes or acetals, DDQ for oxidation, and halogenating agents like N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, and iodine. The study found that these ligand modifications caused shifts in electronic absorption maxima, significant changes in electrochemical redox potentials, and notable variations in the FeIII/II redox potential, absorption maxima, and 57Fe M?ssbauer quadrupole splitting of the iron complexes. The results demonstrate that peripheral variation of the dipyrrinato ligand scaffold can systematically alter the chemical and physical properties of iron dipyrrinato complexes.

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