Refernces
10.1002/adsc.200700333
The research focuses on the copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of terminal alkynes, acid chlorides, and carbodiimides to synthesize functionalized propiolamidine derivatives. The study explores the efficiency of various bases and solvents to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimal catalytic system was found to be a combination of CuI, triethylamine (TEA), and acetonitrile (CH3CN), yielding the desired products in good to excellent yields. The experiments involved a suspension of carbodiimide and acid chloride, followed by the addition of anhydrous acetonitrile, TEA, CuI, and alkyne at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred, then extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution and water, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate as the eluent. The analysis of the reaction products was based on isolated yields, which were calculated based on the amount of N,N’-dialkylcarbodiimides used.
10.1039/c9nj00030e
The study presents an efficient [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between nitrones and carbodiimides, leading to the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazolidines. This reaction is characterized by high regioselectivity, mild and metal-free conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, and a broad substrate scope. The purpose of the chemicals used in the study was to explore and develop a method for synthesizing heterocyclic oxadiazolidines, which are potentially bio-active compounds. Nitrones, with various substituents on their aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, and carbodiimides, with different electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups on their aromatic rings, were utilized to demonstrate the versatility and selectivity of the reaction. The study aimed to provide an efficient approach for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, contributing to the field of synthetic organic chemistry.
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02248
The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of zirconium complexes supported by multidentate aminophenolato ligands, with the aim of investigating their catalytic activities in hydrophosphination reactions of alkenes and heterocumulenes. The study compares the performance of neutral zirconium complexes with their cationic derivatives, revealing that the neutral complex 1, bearing a multidentate amino mono(phenolato) ligand, exhibits high activity in the hydrophosphination of simple alkenes, yielding anti-Markovnikov products in 37?94% yields at room temperature. In contrast, cationic species generated from complex 3, stabilized by a bis(phenolato) ligand, show superior activity in the hydrophosphination of heterocumulenes, such as carbodiimides and isocyanates, producing phosphaguanidines and phosphaureas in 67?93% yields. The research concludes that the modification of ligand structures significantly influences the Lewis acidity and coordination space of metal centers, thereby affecting the catalytic activity of these complexes, which are among the most active group 4 metal-based catalysts for hydrophosphination reactions.
10.1055/s-0030-1259988
The research aims to develop a simple and practical protocol for reducing carboxylic acids to alcohols using hydroxybenzotriazole esters as intermediates. The study explores the use of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and carbodiimide (EDC) to form these reactive intermediates, which are then reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of water. The researchers found that the reaction proceeds with excellent yields and tolerates various functional groups, including methoxy, phenoxy, and nitro groups. The protocol was successfully applied to a wide range of carboxylic acids, including phenylacetic acids, benzoic acids, and amino acids, yielding the corresponding alcohols in high yields. The study concludes that this method provides a general, rapid, and convenient approach for the reduction of carboxylic acids, making it a useful tool for selective reduction in the synthesis of complex molecules.