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| CAS No.: | 59-52-9 |
|---|---|
| Name: | 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C3H8OS2 |
| Molecular Weight: | 124.228 |
| Synonyms: | 1,2-Dimercapto-3-propanol;1,2-Dithioglycerol;2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol;2,3-Dimercaptopropanol;2,3-Dithiopropan-1-ol;2,3-Dithiopropanol;3-Hydroxy-1,2-propanedithiol;Antoxol;BAL;British antilewisite;DMP;Dicaptol;Dimercaprol;Dimersol;Dithioglycerine;Dithioglycerol;NSC 39515;NSC 4646;Panobal;Sulfactin;a,b-Dithioglycerol; |
| EINECS: | 200-433-7 |
| Density: | 1.194 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 77 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 223.4 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 89.1 °C |
| Solubility: | 87 g/L (25 °C) in water |
| Appearance: | colourless oily liquid with a typically offensive mercaptan smell |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xi
|
| Risk Codes: | 22-36/38 |
| Safety: | 23-24/25 |
| Transport Information: | UN 2810 6.1/PG 3 |
| PSA: | 97.83000 |
| LogP: | 0.20690 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: poly(1-hydroxymethylethylenedisulfide) With sodium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate In water at 75℃; for 2h; Stage #2: lead acetate In water Stage #3: With hydrogen sulfide In diethyl ether | A n/a B 64% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: poly(2-hydroxypropylenedisulfide) With sodium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate In water at 75℃; for 2h; Stage #2: lead acetate In water Stage #3: With hydrogen sulfide In diethyl ether | A 62% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: With sulfur; ethanolamine; hydrazine In water at 70 - 73℃; for 2.5h; Stage #2: 2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol With ethanolamine; hydrazine In water at 45 - 50℃; for 2h; Stage #3: With potassium hydroxide; hydrazine In water at 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | 58% |
| With sodium hydrogensulfide; ethanol at 25℃; im geschlossenen Gefaess; | |
| With methanol; sodium hydrogensulfide; carbon dioxide at 60 - 70℃; under 5148.6 Torr; |
- 59-52-9
2,3-dimercaptopropanol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate In water at 75℃; for 2h; | 42% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium hydroxide; hydrazine hydrate In water at 75℃; for 2h; | A 37% B n/a |
- 106-89-8
epichlorohydrin
A
- 27550-66-9
4-hydroxy-1,2-dithiolane
B
- 584-04-3
1,3-dimercapto-2-propanol
C
- 59-52-9
2,3-dimercaptopropanol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: With sulfur; ethanolamine; hydrazine In water at 60 - 65℃; for 2h; Stage #2: epichlorohydrin With ethanolamine; hydrazine In water at 22℃; for 3h; Stage #3: With potassium hydroxide; hydrazine In water at 80℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; | A 3% B 27% C n/a |
- 56-23-5
tetrachloromethane
- 59051-15-9
1-acetoxy-2,3-bis-acetylsulfanyl-propane
- 59-52-9
2,3-dimercaptopropanol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| at 20℃; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With methanol; sodium hydrogensulfide at 70 - 80℃; |
- 59051-15-9
1-acetoxy-2,3-bis-acetylsulfanyl-propane
- 59-52-9
2,3-dimercaptopropanol
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With ethanol; phenylhydrazine |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With dibenzoyl peroxide Irradiation.UV-Licht; Behandeln des Reaktionsprodukts mit wss.-methanol.Salzsaeure; |
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Chemistry
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IUPAC Name: 2,3-Bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol
Empirical Formula: C3H8OS2
Molecular Weight: 124.225
EINECS: 200-433-7
Classification Code: Antidote [to arsenic and gold and mercury poisoning]; Chelating agents; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Human Data; Mutation data; Natural Product; Reproductive Effect
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, many metals.
storage temp.: 2-8 °C
Water Solubility: 87 g/L (25 °C)
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Index of Refraction: 1.551
Molar Refractivity: 33.23 cm3
Molar Volume: 104 cm3
Surface Tension: 44.9 dyne/cm
Density: 1.194 g/cm3
Flash Point: 89.1 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 53.47 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 223.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure of BAL (CAS NO.59-52-9): 0.0196 mmHg at 25 °C
Uses
BAL (CAS NO.59-52-9) can be used as an antidote which is applicated for some toxic heavy metal ions such as arsenic, mercury, bismuth, gold, cadmium, antimony and so on.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| human | TDLo | intramuscular | 3mg/kg (3mg/kg) | BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" | Science. Vol. 102, Pg. 601, 1945. |
| mouse | LD50 | intramuscular | 113mg/kg (113mg/kg) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 223, Pg. 408, 1954. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD277-689, | |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 56mg/kg (56mg/kg) | U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#04985, | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 217mg/kg (217mg/kg) | Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 364, 1948. | |
| mouse | LD50 | unreported | 99mg/kg (99mg/kg) | Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. Vol. 49, Pg. 2779, 1958. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | intramuscular | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | Biochemical Journal. Vol. 41, Pg. 325, 1947. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 50mg/kg (50mg/kg) | Biochemical Journal. Vol. 41, Pg. 325, 1947. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | parenteral | 40mg/kg (40mg/kg) | VASCULAR: BP ELEVATION NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 5, Pg. 172, 1947. |
| rabbit | LD50 | unreported | 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) | Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. Vol. 49, Pg. 2779, 1958. | |
| rat | LD50 | intramuscular | 87mg/kg (87mg/kg) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 36, Pg. 297, 1976. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 105mg/kg (105mg/kg) | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 5, Pg. 172, 1947. | |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 5, Pg. 172, 1947. | |
| rat | LD50 | unreported | 113mg/kg (113mg/kg) | Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. Vol. 49, Pg. 2779, 1958. |
Consensus Reports
EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Poison via ingestion, intramuscular, parenteral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Experimental teratogenic effects. Human systemic effects by intramuscular route: hemorrhage and dermatitis. Human blood and systemic skin effects by intramuscular route. It causes redness and swelling when applied locally to the skin, but does not produce blisters or ulcers. Intensely irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. Systemic symptoms are caused by injection. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of SOx. Used as an antidote to arsenic, gold, and mercury poisoning.
Hazard Codes: 
Xn,
Xi
Risk Statements: 22-36/37/38-36/38
R22:Harmful if swallowed.
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin.
Safety Statements: 26-36-24/25-23
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing.
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S23:Do not breathe vapour.
RIDADR: UN 2810 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
F: 8-9-13-23
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: III
RTECS: UB2625000
Specification
BAL (CAS NO.59-52-9), its Synonyms are 1,2-Dimercapto-3-propanol ; 1,2-Dithioglycerol ; 1-Propanol, 2,3-dimercapto ; 1-Propanol, 2,3-dimercapto- ; 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol ; 2,3-Dimercaptol-1-propanol ; 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol ; 2,3-Dithiopropanol ; 3-Hydroxy-1,2-propanedithiol ; Dimercaprol ; Glycerol, 1,2-dithio- . It is colourless oily liquid with a typically offensive mercaptan smell.