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| CAS No.: | 7440-05-3 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Palladium |
| Article Data: | 1106 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | Pd |
| Molecular Weight: | 106.42 |
| Synonyms: | E 101O/W;IG 0218A;MPP 030;MPP 050;MPP 080;P 50 (metal);Palladex 600;Palladium black;Palladium element;SFP 1001P; |
| EINECS: | 231-115-6 |
| Density: | 1.025 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Melting Point: | 1555 °C |
| Boiling Point: | 3167 °C |
| Solubility: | Insoluble in water |
| Appearance: | Grey powder |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xn,  T,  F
|
| Risk Codes: | 61-33-37/38-40-41-36/37/38-11 |
| Safety: | 53-26-36/37/39-24/25-36-22 |
| Transport Information: | UN 3089 4.1/PG 2 |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | 0.00000 |
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- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) on calcination in a stream of H2, complete redn. to Pd;; | 100% |
| With H2 In neat (no solvent) on calcination in a stream of H2, complete redn. to Pd;; | 100% |
| With copper(l) chloride redn. of salt to metal with CuCl;; |
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π-methallyl palladium chloride
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Methyl formate
A
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methyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate
B
- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With carbon monoxide; sodium butyrate In neat (no solvent) mixt. of PdCl(C3H5), HCO2Me, Na butyrate (as nucleophile) stirred at room temp. for 30 min, addn. of CO, react. time 2 h; react. mixt. filtered, colourless liquid analysed by GLC; | A 100% B n/a |
| With carbon monoxide In neat (no solvent) mixt. of PdCl(C3H5), HCO2Me and nucleophile (propionate,acetate,benzoate,chloroacetate,trifluoroacetate,t-BuO(1-),EtO(1-),MeO(1-),PhO(1-),p-Nitro-PhO(1-) or F3-EtO(1-), alkoxides under CO) stirred at room temp. for 30 min, addn. of CO, react. time 2 h; react. mixt. filtered, colourless liquid analysed by GLC; |
A
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formyl 2-pyridyl aldehyde N-acetyl benzoylhydrazone
B
- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With CO In dichloromethane (Ar) in schlenk tube; CO bubbled through soln. at room temp. for 5 min;stirred under CO atmosphere; or at 0°C, or at -40°C; filtered through celite; evapd.; MS anal.; elem. anal.; | A 100% B >99 |
- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrazine hydrate In methanol cellulose (5 g) added to soln. of PdCl2 (0.443 g) in MeOH; stirred (15 min); 80% hydrazine hydrate added dropwise (15 min); stirred (12 h, room temp.); solid filtered; washed with methanol and acetone; dried (vac.); | 99% |
| With hydrogenchloride; hydrazine In water | 98% |
| With formic acid In not given refluxing a soln. of PdCl2 and HCOOH for 30 min; decantation, washing with water, drying for 2 h at 120°C; | 96% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With carbon monoxide; sodium butyrate In neat (no solvent) mixt. of PdCl(C3H5), HCO2Me and NaC4H9O (as nucleophile) stirred at room temp. for 30 min, addn. of CO, react. time 2 h; react. mixt. filtered, colourless liquid analysed by GLC; | A 99% B n/a |
| With carbon monoxide In neat (no solvent) mixt. of PdCl(C3H5), MeOH and nucleophile (propionate,acetate,benzoate,chloroacetate,trifluoroacetate,t-BuO(1-),EtO(1-),MeO(1-),PhO(1-),p-Nitro-PhO(1-) or F3-EtO(1-), alkoxides under CO) stirred at room temp. for 30 min, addn. of CO, react. time 2 h; react. mixt. filtered, colourless liquid analysed by GLC; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In water room temp.; X-ray diffraction, gravimetric anal.; | 99% |
- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With tetraglyme In further solvent(s) Pd nanoparticles formed in soln. of Pd3(OAc)6 in tetraglyme at tems. 25-270°C for 3 h; UV/Vis spectroscopy; | 99% |
| With H2 In methanol γ-Al2O3 placed in sealed vessel, purged with Ar; in flowing Ar support impregnated with soln. of Pd3(OAc)6 in MeOH with stirring for 2 h; granules dried in air for 15 h and in vac. at 80°C for 5 h; in H2flow at.450°C for 10 h; elem. anal. (ICP AES), XANES; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| heating in vac. at 110°C; | A 67% B 98% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In ethanol; dimethyl sulfoxide Pd(CH3COO)2 dissolved in DMSO under stirring at room temp., treated withEtOH, kept for 1 h at 70°C; collected, centrifuged, washed (EtOH); | 96% |
| Stage #1: palladium diacetate With sodium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; Stage #2: With tert-butyl alcohol In tetrahydrofuran at 63℃; for 0.5h; Heating / reflux; | |
| With hydrogen In acetic acid interaction of Pd(OAc)2 with H2 in acetic acid; |
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di-μ-chloro-bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2-methylpropyl-C(1),N]dipalladium(II)
A
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methyl 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-3-methylbutyrate
B
- 7440-05-3
palladium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With carbon monoxide In methanol High Pressure; carbonylating at 80°c under 50 atm CO for 20 h with stirring; filtn. of Pd, evapn. to dryness, extg. (pentane), evapn., drying in vac., elem. anal; | A 96% B n/a |
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History
Palladium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in 1803,and it was named by Wollaston in 1804 after the asteroid Pallas, which had been discovered two years earlier.Wollaston found palladium in crude platinum ore from South America by dissolving the ore in aqua regia, neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide, and precipitating platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate with ammonium chloride. He added mercuric cyanide to form the compound palladium cyanide, which was heated to extract palladium metal.
Palladium chloride was at one time prescribed as a tuberculosis treatment at the rate of 0.065g per day. This treatment did have many negative side-effects, and was later replaced by more effective drugs.
Palladium's affinity for hydrogen led it to play an essential role in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment in 1989, also known as cold fusion.
In the run up to 2000, Russian supply of palladium to the global market was repeatedly delayed and disrupted .The ensuing market panic drove the palladium price to an all-time high of $1100 per ounce in January 2001. Around this time, the Ford Motor Company, fearing auto vehicle production disruption due to a possible palladium shortage, stockpiled large amounts of the metal purchased near the price high. When prices fell in early 2001, Ford lost nearly US$1 billion.World demand for palladium increased from 100 tons in 1990 to nearly 300 tons in 2000. The global production of palladium from mines was 222 metric tons in 2006 according to USGS data. Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry.
Specification
The Palladium, with the cas registry number 7440-05-3, is a kind of silvery white metal. This chemical is soluble in aqua regia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid while slight soluble in muriatic acid and insoluble in cold and hot water. Besides, it is stable chemically while incompatible with ozone, sodium tetrahydroborate, sulphur, arsenic.The product categories are various, including Inorganics; Heterogeneous Catalysts.It is a chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys. As to its usage, it is widely applied in many ways. It could be used in the industry of electric instrument, chemical industry and precision alloy; It could also be used in producing catalytic agent like asbestos, undercurrent adherent point, printed circuit, dental materials and surgical instrument.
The physical properties of this chemical are below:
(1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 105.903483; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 105.903483; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.
Production of Palladium:
The production method of this chemical is below: Prepare the residue of drawing nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) and then add aqua regia to extract, filter; Next add ammonia and muriatic acid into the filter liquor to have the reaction and then have the ammonium chloropalladate sediment; Then have the refining and filtering and then restore the ammonium chloropalladate with hydrogen, and finally you could get the 99.95% palladium products.
Safety information of Palladium:
When you are using this chemical, you should be very cautious. For one thing, it is irritant to eyes, respiratory system and skin and may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes. And it may even have risk of serious damage to the eyes. For another thing, it is toxic which may at low levels cause damage to health. This chemical may cause harm to the unborn child, and with the danger of cumulative effects, it will have limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. In addition, it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source. And it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water. Due to so many dangers, you could take the different measures to deal with different cases. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection and avoid contacting with skin and eyes . If in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Then avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use and remember not to breathe dust.
Additionally, you could convert the following datas into the molecular structure:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Pd]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Pd
(3)InChIKey: KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N