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15291-77-7

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15291-77-7 Usage

Description

Ginkgo biloba is a perennial tree belonging to Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo biloba L., Yin Xing). Its seeds, also known as ginkgo, have a long history of application in traditional medicine for its medicinal value. With promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis, Ginkgo biloba has a long history of its application in traditional Chinese medicineIn recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral ischemic diseases. After further study, it was found that the effective component is ginkgolide compound, which laid the foundation for the development of small molecule drugs.

Chemical Properties

White Crystalline Solid

Physical properties

Appearance: ginkgolide B is a white powder. Solubility: weighed 0.98?g and dissolves in 1L water (calculation). Melting point: the compound melts at 280? °C (calculation)

History

The leaf of Ginkgo biloba is sweet, bitter, astringent, and mild. With activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis, dredging collaterals, relieving pain, and asthma, it is applied for treating blood stasis, chest pain, stroke, lung deficiency cough, and hyperlipidemia.As early as in the 1930s, scientists began to study ginkgo and harvest a variety of ginkgolide . Ginkgolide B was isolated and its structure illustrated by Wan Shan et?al. in 1967. Subsequently, it was synthesized by Corey et?al. in 1988. The preparation of effective components of Ginkgo biloba has been listed at home and abroad with development.The Ginkgo biloba extract consisting of ticlopidine is widely used in overseas market for the treatment of cerebral infarction. Intravenous injection of ginkgolide B is applied for the treatment of inflammation, but the project has been in the state, and there is no progress in it for many years. In addition, whether other extract of Ginkgo biloba can be used for the treatment of stable angina, cognitive impairment is still in preclinical research status.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 15291-77-7 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Plant Profile: bioactives, mechanism of action, references
2. Ginkgolide B is used as a potent PAF-R antagonist. Ginkgolide B speeds up PAF hydrolysis by promoting PAF-AH I α2 homodimer activity. Additionally, this compound has been reported to inhibit neutrophil degranulation in vitro. Inhibits superoxide production in vitro and inhibits bronchoconstriction and is neuroprotective following oral administration in vivo.

Indications

The injection consists of multiple components, and there are three kinds of substance mainly in diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection. It promotes blood circulation by removing blood stasis and activates the channels and collaterals for cerebral ischemia treatment.

Biological Activity

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist (K i = 1.3 μ M). Inhibits neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production in vitro and inhibits bronchoconstriction and is neuroprotective following oral administration in vivo .

Pharmacology

Ginkgolide B has a variety of pharmacological effects, mainly in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection and neuroprotection. On the one hand, with the strongest activity in nature, the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist is recognized by the public . PAF can inhibit the downstream inflammatory cascade for anti-inflammatory. It also can alleviate cerebral infraction volume and cerebral edema induced by cerebral ischemia among the animal model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion through unknown mechanism. By inhibiting NF-κB and TNF-α, the apoptosis of nerve cell can be alleviated. The compound protects the abdominal cavity and intestinal tract by inhibiting release of neutrophil chemotactic protein by macrophage.

Clinical Use

Oral and injection preparations are applied widely in clinical therapy. Made in oral preparation, flavonoids are the main component of raw material. There are little chemical compounds in injection, and ginkgolides are the main component whose content is different from each other. Listed ginkgolide injection is applied for ischemia stroke formed by blood stasis with promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis and clearing and activating the channels and collaterals. Compared with Shuxuening injection in clinical trials, ginkgolides injection is consistent in improving indicators effect, such as protection in nerve injury and others.

References

1) Foldes-Filep et al. (1987), Inhibition by BN 52021 (ginkgolide B) of the binding of [3H]-platelet-activating factor to human neutrophil granulocytes; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 148 1412 2) Desquand et al. (1986), Interference of BN 52021 (ginkgolide B) with the bronchopulmonary effects of PAF-acether in the guinea-pig; Eur. J. Pharmacol., 127 83 3) Maclennan et al. (2002), The CNS effects of Ginko biloba extracts and ginkgolide B; Prog. Neurobiol., 67 235 4) Li et al. (2013), Neuroprotective effect of ginkogolide B on bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells; Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2013 159864 5) Wang et al. (2014), Neuroprotection against permanent focal cerebral ischemia by ginkgolides A and B is associated with obstruction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in rats; J. Neurosci. Res., 92 232

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 15291-77-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,5,2,9 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 15291-77:
(7*1)+(6*5)+(5*2)+(4*9)+(3*1)+(2*7)+(1*7)=107
107 % 10 = 7
So 15291-77-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.

15291-77-7 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Sigma-Aldrich

  • (94970)  GinkgolideB  analytical standard

  • 15291-77-7

  • 94970-10MG

  • 2,046.33CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (G6910)  GinkgolideBfromGinkgobilobaleaves  ≥90% (HPLC)

  • 15291-77-7

  • G6910-10MG

  • 1,132.56CNY

  • Detail
  • Sigma

  • (G6910)  GinkgolideBfromGinkgobilobaleaves  ≥90% (HPLC)

  • 15291-77-7

  • G6910-50MG

  • 3,935.88CNY

  • Detail

15291-77-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Ginkgolide B

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names Ginkgolide?B

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:15291-77-7 SDS

15291-77-7Synthetic route

α-benzylginkgolide B
170288-58-1

α-benzylginkgolide B

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In ethanol under 2888 Torr; for 24h;97%
1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)ginkgolid B
130523-06-7

1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)ginkgolid B

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride In tetrahydrofuran for 2h;73%
C28H32O11
145473-36-5

C28H32O11

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal In methanol at 23℃; under 760 Torr; for 5h; Yield given;
7-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy ginkgolide B
173102-79-9

7-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy ginkgolide B

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tetrabutylammonium borohydride
1,3,7,10-Tetrahydroxyginkgolid
15291-76-6

1,3,7,10-Tetrahydroxyginkgolid

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: pyridine
2: nBu4NBH4
View Scheme
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: diisopropylethylamine / acetonitrile / 5 h / 0 °C
2: 63 percent / 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 12 h / 5 °C
3: tri-n-butyltin hydride, bisazoisobutyronitrile / benzene / 12 h / Heating
4: H2 / Pd-C / methanol / 5 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr
View Scheme
C28H32O12
145497-37-6

C28H32O12

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 63 percent / 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 12 h / 5 °C
2: tri-n-butyltin hydride, bisazoisobutyronitrile / benzene / 12 h / Heating
3: H2 / Pd-C / methanol / 5 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr
View Scheme
C35H31F5O13S
145497-38-7

C35H31F5O13S

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: tri-n-butyltin hydride, bisazoisobutyronitrile / benzene / 12 h / Heating
2: H2 / Pd-C / methanol / 5 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr
View Scheme
Ginkgolide C
15291-76-6

Ginkgolide C

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 4 steps
1: 95 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 48 h
2: 66 percent / DMAP / acetonitrile / 24 h
3: 93 percent / tributyltin hydride, AIBN / toluene / 3 h / Heating
4: 73 percent / tetrabutylammonium fluoride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h
View Scheme
1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)ginkgolid C
130523-04-5

1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)ginkgolid C

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 66 percent / DMAP / acetonitrile / 24 h
2: 93 percent / tributyltin hydride, AIBN / toluene / 3 h / Heating
3: 73 percent / tetrabutylammonium fluoride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h
View Scheme
1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)-7-O-(phenyloxythiocarbonyl)ginkgolid C
130523-05-6

1-O-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)-7-O-(phenyloxythiocarbonyl)ginkgolid C

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: 93 percent / tributyltin hydride, AIBN / toluene / 3 h / Heating
2: 73 percent / tetrabutylammonium fluoride / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h
View Scheme
1-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene
104-83-6

1-Chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-p-chlorobenzylginkgolide B

10-O-p-chlorobenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;98.3%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane
58479-61-1

tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane

1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3,10-dihydroxyginkgolid
130523-06-7

1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3,10-dihydroxyginkgolid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 48h; Ambient temperature;98%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

1-chloromethyl-4-fluorobenzene
352-11-4

1-chloromethyl-4-fluorobenzene

10-O-p-fluorobenzylginkgolide B

10-O-p-fluorobenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;96.7%
(2-chloroethyl)dimethylamine hydrochloride
4584-46-7

(2-chloroethyl)dimethylamine hydrochloride

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ginkgolide B
914251-20-0

10-O-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Flow reactor;94.1%
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; for 0.05h; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Concentration; Flow reactor;94.1%
4-nitrobenzyl chloride
100-14-1

4-nitrobenzyl chloride

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-p-nitrobenzylginkgolide B

10-O-p-nitrobenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;92.3%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

2-Bromo-4'-methoxyacetophenone
2632-13-5

2-Bromo-4'-methoxyacetophenone

10-O-p-methoxyphenacylginkgolide B

10-O-p-methoxyphenacylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;90.1%
chloroformic acid ethyl ester
541-41-3

chloroformic acid ethyl ester

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-ethoxycarbonylginkgolide B

10-O-ethoxycarbonylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Acylation; Heating;89.4%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

1-chloroacetophenone
532-27-4

1-chloroacetophenone

10-O-phenacylginkgolide B

10-O-phenacylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;89.2%
1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl acetate
18355-05-0

1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl acetate

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

A

C20H24O10(CH2CO)

C20H24O10(CH2CO)

B

C20H24O10(CH2CO)

C20H24O10(CH2CO)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine; dmap In N,N-dimethyl-formamideA 88%
B 9%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

allyl bromide
106-95-6

allyl bromide

10-O-allylginkgolide B
289490-32-0

10-O-allylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;87.8%
N-methyl-2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride
4535-90-4

N-methyl-2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-methylaminoethyl ginkgolide B
914251-23-3

10-O-methylaminoethyl ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; Flow reactor;83.5%
2-chloroethanamine hydrochloride
870-24-6

2-chloroethanamine hydrochloride

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-aminoethyl ginkgolide B

10-O-aminoethyl ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; Flow reactor;79.4%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

ethyl bromoacetate
105-36-2

ethyl bromoacetate

A

10-O-ethyloxycarbonylmethylginkgolide B

10-O-ethyloxycarbonylmethylginkgolide B

B

1-O-ethyloxycarbonylmethylginkgolide B

1-O-ethyloxycarbonylmethylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;A 78.3%
B 12.1%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

2-chloro-ethanol
107-07-3

2-chloro-ethanol

10-O-hydroxyethyl ginkgolide B

10-O-hydroxyethyl ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; Flow reactor;76.3%
With calcium carbonate; potassium iodide In water; acetonitrile at 85℃; for 0.05h; Flow reactor;76.3%
4-bromobut-2-enenitrile
42879-03-8

4-bromobut-2-enenitrile

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-(3-cyanoallyl)ginkgolide B

10-O-(3-cyanoallyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine; potassium iodide In chloroform Reflux;75%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

4-Methylbenzyl bromide
104-81-4

4-Methylbenzyl bromide

10-O-p-methylbenzylginkgolide B
170288-73-0

10-O-p-methylbenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile at 75℃; for 0.75h;72.9%
1-bromomethyl-4-iodobenzene
16004-15-2

1-bromomethyl-4-iodobenzene

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-p-iodobenzylginkgolide B
170289-24-4

10-O-p-iodobenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 0.666667h;72.4%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

2-bromopropionitrile
19481-82-4

2-bromopropionitrile

10-O-(1-cyanoethyl)ginkgolide B

10-O-(1-cyanoethyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine; potassium iodide In chloroform Reflux;71%
benzyl chloride
100-44-7

benzyl chloride

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

α-benzylginkgolide B
170288-58-1

α-benzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;65.3%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

propargyl bromide
106-96-7

propargyl bromide

10-O-propargylated ginkgolide B

10-O-propargylated ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate In acetonitrile for 24h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;65%
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile at 100℃; for 2.5h;
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

1-bromomethyl-4-bromobenzene
589-15-1

1-bromomethyl-4-bromobenzene

10-O-p-bromobenzylginkgolide B
170289-51-7

10-O-p-bromobenzylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 0.833333h;64.5%
formaldehyd
50-00-0

formaldehyd

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

1,10-O,O-methyleneginkgolide B

1,10-O,O-methyleneginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid; acetic acid In tetrahydrofuran for 8h; Condensation; Heating;61.8%
3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid
99-34-3

3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

C27H26N2O15

C27H26N2O15

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h;61.25%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

methyl iodide
74-88-4

methyl iodide

A

1-O-methylginkgolide B

1-O-methylginkgolide B

B

10-O-methylginkgolide B

10-O-methylginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In acetonitrile for 0.5h; Alkylation; Heating;A 26.7%
B 60.1%
bromoacetic acid tert-butyl ester
5292-43-3

bromoacetic acid tert-butyl ester

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-(tert-butoxyformylmethyl)ginkgolide B

10-O-(tert-butoxyformylmethyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Reflux;58%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

methyl 2-(2-iodoethoxy)acetate
84424-42-0

methyl 2-(2-iodoethoxy)acetate

10-O-(methoxyformylmethoxyethyl)ginkgolide B

10-O-(methoxyformylmethoxyethyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Reflux;58%
methyl bromoethoxyethoxyacetate

methyl bromoethoxyethoxyacetate

ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

10-O-(methoxyformylmethoxyethoxyethyl)ginkgolide B

10-O-(methoxyformylmethoxyethoxyethyl)ginkgolide B

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium carbonate; potassium iodide In tetrahydrofuran for 2h; Reflux;56%
ginkgolide B
15291-77-7

ginkgolide B

4-methoxybenzoic acid
100-09-4

4-methoxybenzoic acid

A

C28H30O12

C28H30O12

B

C28H30O12

C28H30O12

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dmap; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 6h;A 8.4%
B 55.57%

15291-77-7Related news

Ginkgolide B (cas 15291-77-7) and bilobalide ameliorate neural cell apoptosis in α-synuclein aggregates08/04/2019

The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Extensive evidences have shown the promising effects of Ginkgo biloba consumption on motor activity after PD. ...detailed

Ginkgolide B (cas 15291-77-7) enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cell lines via inhibiting PAFR/NF-кB pathway08/03/2019

Gemcitabine resistance will occur by time after the initial response in pancreatic cancer. Ginkgolide B (GB), a major terpene lactone component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a highly selective and competitive inhibitor for platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor. In the present study, we evaluat...detailed

15291-77-7Relevant articles and documents

Preparation of a tritiated ginkgolide

Str?mgaard, Kristian,Suehiro, Makiko,Nakanishi, Koji

, p. 5673 - 5675 (2004)

A radiolabeled constituent of Ginkgo biloba, [3H]-ginkgolide B, was prepared in high specific radioactivity, providing a tool for studying neuromodulatory properties of ginkgolides. Ginkgolide B, a constituent of the tree Ginkgo biloba, was radiolabeled with the β-emitter tritium ([ 3H]) in two steps from ginkgolide C. First, a triflate precursor was prepared utilizing the selective reactivity of 7-OH in ginkgolide C; the triflate was then reduced with sodium borotritide to yield tritiated ginkgolide B ([3H]GB) in good yield and high specific activity. The tritiated ginkgolide will be an important tool for studying neuromodulatory properties of ginkgolides.

INTRAMOLECULAR AND INTERMOLECULAR HYDROXYL REACTIVITY DIFFERENCES IN GINKGOLIDES A, B AND C AND THEIR CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS

Corey, E. J.,Rao, K. Srinivas,Ghosh, Arun K.

, p. 6955 - 6958 (2007/10/02)

An investigation of the chemistry of ginkgolides A, B and C (1) has revealed an unusual interaction between the hydroxyl groups at C(1) and C(10) which activates their deprotonation to give 2 and provides a method for the interconversion of 1C and 1B.The ginkgolide 7-enol system 7 is more stable than the corresponding 7-keto form 6, which is easily made by selective Jones oxydation of ginkgolide C.

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