153919-64-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Treatment of trinitrotoluene by crude plant extracts
Medina, Victor F.,Larson, Steven L.,Agwaramgbo, Lovell,Perez, Waleska,Escalon, Lynn
, p. 725 - 732 (2004)
Crude plant extract solutions (spinach and parrotfeather) were prepared and spiked with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (20 mgl-1). 90-h TNT removal by these solutions was compared to controls. Spinach and parrotfeather extract solutions removed 99
Microbiotic synthesis of 14C-ringlabelled aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and diaminonitrotoluenes (DANT)
Kroeger, Mario,Fels, Gregor
, p. 249 - 255 (2002)
The four 14C-ringlabelled TNT-metabolites 2-aminodinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), 2,4-diaminonitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) and 2,6-diaminonitrotoluene (2,6-DANT) were synthesized in one step from TNT by reduction with baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae). Copyright
Crystal structure and geometry-optimization study of 4-methyl-3′,5′-dinitro-4′-methyl benzylidene aniline
Yu, Wei,Yang, Li,Zhang, Tong-lai,Zhang, Jian-guo,Ren, Fu-jian,Liu, Yan-hong,Wu, Rui-feng,Guo, Jin-yu
, p. 255 - 260 (2006)
Schiff base 4-methyl-3′,5′-dinitro-4′-methyl benzylidene aniline was synthesized by the condensation of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene with 4-methylbenzaldehyde. The crystal of the title compound was obtained and it was characterized by X-ray single crystal d
Selective functionalisation of TNT for sensitive detection by SERRS.
McHugh, Callum J,Keir, Ruth,Graham, Duncan,Smith, W Ewen
, p. 580 - 581 (2002)
Selective chemical functionalisation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to a surface enhanced resonance Raman active species for sensitive detection.
Change in regioselectivity in the monoreduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with titanium(III) and vanadium(II) ions in the presence of iron(II) and copper(II) salts
Leibzon,Michalchenko,Leonova,Gultyai
, p. 1203 - 1207 (2005)
Small additives of iron(II) or copper(II) salts change the regioselectivity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene monoreduction with titanium(III) chloride affording predominantly less accessible 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene over 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (from 25% when the reduction occurs in the absence of the iron and copper salts to 70% in the presence of these salts). A possible mechanism of the process is discussed.
The crystal structures of three primary products from the selective reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Graham, Duncan,Kennedy, Alan R.,McHugh, Callum J.,Smith, W. Ewen,David, William I. F.,Shankland, Kenneth,Shankland, Norman
, p. 161 - 165 (2004)
The crystal structures of three primary products from the selective reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been determined by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (4-amino-2,6-dinitr
Diversity of Contaminant Reduction Reactions by Zerovalent Iron: Role of the Reductate
Miehr, Rosemarie,Tratnyek, Paul G.,Bandstra, Joel Z.,Scherer, Michelle M.,Alowitz, Michael J.,Bylaska, Eric J.
, p. 139 - 147 (2004)
The reactions of eight model contaminants with nine types of granular Fe(O) were studied in batch experiments using consistent experimental conditions. The model contaminants (herein referred to as "reductates" because they were reduced by the iron metal) included cations (Cu2+), anions (CrO42-, NO3-, and 5,5′,7,7′-indigotetrasulfonate), and neutral species (2-chloroacetophenone, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethene). The diversity of this range of reductates offers a uniquely broad perspective on the reactivity of Fe(O). Rate constants for disappearance of the reductates vary over as much as four orders of magnitude for particular reductates (due to differences in the nine types of iron) but differences among the reductates were even larger, ranging over almost seven orders of magnitude. Various ways of summarizing the data all suggest that relative reactivities with Fe(O) vary in the order Cu2+, 5,5′,7,7′ -indigotetrasulfonate > 2-chloroacetophenone, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene > carbon tetrachloride, CrO42- > trichloroethene > NO3-. Although the reductate has the largest effect on disappearance kinetics, more subtle differences in reactivity due to the type of Fe(O) suggests that removal of CrO22- and NO 3- (the inorganic anions) involves adsorption to oxides on the Fe(O), whereas the disappearance kinetics of all other types of reductants is favored by reduction on comparatively oxide-free metal. Correlation analysis of the disappearance rate constants using descriptors of the reductates calculated by molecular modeling (energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, LUMO, highest occupied molecular orbitals, HOMO, and HOMO-LUMO gaps) showed that reactivities generally decrease with increasing ELUMO and increasing EGAP (and, therefore, increasing chemical hardness η).
Kinetics of nitroaromatic reduction on granular iron in recirculating batch experiments
Devlin, John F.,Klausen, Joerg,Schwarzenbach, Rene P.
, p. 1941 - 1947 (1998)
Granular iron has been determined to be a potentially useful reductant for the removal of common organic contaminants from groundwater. This research is aimed at improving our understanding of the processes that control the reactivity and longevity of the iron particles when they are used for groundwater treatment. A suite of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) including 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CINB), 4-acetylnitrobenzene (4AcNB), nitrobenzene, 2-methylnitrobenzene (2MeNB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was used to investigate granular iron reactivity in anoxic pH 10, 0.008 M KNO3 solution. Master Builder's brand of granular iron with a surface area of about 1 m2/g was used in all experiments. The NACs were reduced rapidly to anilines that were found to sorb reasonably strongly to the solid particles and to interfere with the reduction of NACs. The granular iron was found to lose reactivity quite rapidly over the first few days of exposure and then more slowly over the next several months. Reactivity loss due to reversibly sorbed products was minimized by flushing the system with background electrolyte between experiments. Competition experiments with binary mixtures of 4CINB and each one of the other NACs were performed to investigate relative affinities of these compounds for the solid surface. Despite the overall loss in reactivity observed for the granular iron, the relative rate constants in the competition experiments appeared to remain constant in time. Granular iron has been determined to be a potentially useful reductant for the removal of common organic contaminants from groundwater. This research is aimed at improving our understanding of the processes that control the reactivity and longevity of the iron particles when they are used for groundwater treatment. A suite of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) including 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CINB), 4-acetylnitrobenzene (4AcNB), nitrobenzene, 2-methylnitrobenzene (2MeNB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was used to investigate granular iron reactivity in anoxic pH 10, 0.008 M KNO3 solution. Master Builder's brand of granular iron with a surface area of about 1 m2/g was used in all experiments. The NACs were reduced rapidly to anilines that were found to sorb reasonably strongly to the solid particles and to interfere with the reduction of NACs. The granular iron was found to lose reactivity quite rapidly over the first few days of exposure and then more slowly over the next several months. Reactivity loss due to reversibly sorbed products was minimized by flushing the system with background electrolyte between experiments. Competition experiments with binary mixtures of 4CINB and each one of the other NACs were performed to investigate relative affinities of these compounds for the solid surface. Despite the overall loss in reactivity observed for the granular iron, the relative rate constants in the competition experiments appeared to remain constant in time.
Phototoxicology: 2. Near-ultraviolet light enhancement of microtox assays of trinitrotoluene and aminodinitrotoluenes
Johnson,Davenport,Balbach,Schaeffer
, p. 23 - 33 (1994)
Coexposure of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A), or 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A) to near-ultraviolet (nuv) light (λ(max)-354 nm) significantly enhanced their toxicity toward Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox bioassay) duri
ANALYTE DETECTION
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, (2008/12/08)
The present invention relates to sensitive SE(R)RS based methods for detecting analytes such as explosives and drugs, which may be present in a sample at extremely low levels. The methods may be generally carried out in situ employing novel chemistry whic
